Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 5
SOLUTIONS
5-1
5-2
208
= 89.15 mg L
147
5-3
224
= 59.47 mg L
113
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5-2
5-4
64
= 320 mg L
60
Rate constant
Given: BOD5 = 220.0; L = 320.0 mg/L
Solution:
a. Setup Eqn. 5-5
220.0 = 320.0 (1-10-K(5))
0.6875 = 1 - 10-K(5)
-0.3125 = -10-K(5)
b. Divide through by -1 and take log of both sides
log (0.3125) = log (10-K(5))
-0.5051 = -K(5)
c. Solve for K
K = 0.1010 or 0.101 d-1
5-5
Rate constant
Given: 7 day BOD = 60.0; L = 85.0 mg/L
Solution:
a. Setup Eqn. 5-5
60.0 = 85.0 (1 - 10-K(7))
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5-3
0.7059 = 1 - 10-K(7)
-0.2941 = -10-K(7)
b. Divide through by -1 and take log of both sides
log (0.2941) = log (10-K(7))
-0.5315 = -K(7)
K = 0.0759 d-1
5-6
5-7
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5-4
5-8
5-9
5-10
k
0.1843
=
= 0.0800d 1
ln 10 2.303
Converting to 15 0C
Given: K = 0.101 d-1 at 20 0C
Solution:
a. Setup Eqn. 5-6 and note that the temperature is between 4 and 20 0C so is 1.135:
K = (0.101)(1.135)15 - 20
K = (0.101)(0.531) = 0.0536 d-1
5-11
Converting from 25 0C to 16 0C
Given: K = 0.0759 d-1 at 25 0C from Problem 5-5
Solution:
a. Must convert K at 25 0C to K at 20 0C first
0.0759 = K20 (1.056)25 - 20
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5-5
K 20 =
0.0759
= 0.0578
1.3132
b Then convert to 16 0C
K = (0.0578)(1.135)16 - 20
K = (0.0578)(0.6026) = 0.0348 d-1
5-12
BOD5 ?
Given: Oxygen consumption = 2.00 mg/L; 1.00% sample
Solution:
a. This an application of Eqn. 5-19 with the dilution factor defined by Eqn. 5-18
BOD 5 = ( 2.00)
5-13
100%
= 200 mg L
1.00%
Sample size
Given: BOD5 = 350.0 mg/L; oxygen consumption = 4.00 mg/L
Solution:
a. Setup Eqn. 5-19 with X = sample size in percent
350.0 = ( 4.00)
X=
5-14
100%
X
( 4.00) (100%)
350.0
Sample size
Given: BOD5 = 327 mg/L; oxygen consumption = 4.8 mg/L
Solution:
a. Set up Eqn. 5-19 with X = sample size
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5-6
327 = ( 4.8)
X=
5-15
100%
X
( 4.8)(100%)
327
5-16
280.0
(1 0.3981)
5-7
L=
280.0
(1 0.2512)
Day
2
5
10
20
35
86.3
168.5
235.6
273.0
279.6
118.9
209.7
262.3
278.9
280.0
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5-8
250.0
200.0
K = 0.080 d-1
150.0
K= 0.120 d-1
100.0
50.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
Time, days
Figure S-5-17: BOD curves for constant L
5-18
BOD(t) for
BOD(t) for
-1
-1
K=0.0800 d
K=0.120 d
0.08
0.12
Day
1
2
5
10
20
35
78.3
143.4
280.0
391.5
453.5
464.5
90.3
158.8
280.0
350.3
372.4
373.9
5-9
BOD, mg/L
500.0
400.0
300.0
K = 0.080 d-1
K= 0.120 d-1
200.0
100.0
0.0
0
10
20
30
40
Time, days
Figure S-5-18: BOD curves for constant L
5-19
Day
BOD
2
5
7
8
10
70
102.4
111
114
118.8
Day
(1/3)
(t/BOD)
2 0.3057111
5 0.3655026
7 0.3980388
8 0.4124729
10 0.4382563
5-10
0.5
0.45
0.4
(t/BOD) 1/3
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
9 10 11
Time (days)
5-20
BOD
2
5
10
20
35
119
210
262
279
279.98
Day
(1/3)
(t/BOD)
2 0.25615
5 0.287685
10 0.336692
20 0.415409
35 0.500012
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5-11
0.6
0.5
(t/BOD) 1/3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (days)
Intercept A = 0.2535
Slope B = 0.0073
c. Rate constant is
k=
5-21
6B (6 )(0.0073)
=
= 0.17d 1
A
0.2535
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5-12
Day
BOD
2
5
10
20
35
Day
86
169
236
273
279.55
(1/3)
(t/BOD)
2 0.285438
5 0.309287
10 0.348629
20 0.41843
35 0.500268
0.6
0.5
(t/BOD)1/3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (days)
Intercept A = 0.2787
Slope B = 0.0065
c. Rate constant is
k=
5-22
6B (6 )(0.0065)
=
= 0.14d 1
A
0.2787
5-13
(63 mg L)
14gN
= 6.00 mgN L
147gC 5 H 9 O 4 N
14gN
= 3.72 mgN L
113gC 5 H 7 NO 2
(30 mg L)
28gN
= 30.43 mgN L
184gC 8 H 12 O 3 N 2
(200 mg L)
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5-14
5-25
Ts =
m WW TWW + m river Tr
m river + m WW
f. Recognizing that
mww = (Qw)(density of ww)
mriver = (Qr)(density of river water)
g. And using the assumption that the densities are equal, then
Ts
Q W TW + Q r Tr
QW + Qr
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5-15
5-26
590 mg L
590
=
= 1349.2 mg L
1 exp[( 0.115)(5)] 1 0.56
0.6 mg L
0.6
=
= 0.6 mg L
1 exp[ ( 3.7)( 5) ] 1 9.24 10 9
La
La = 9.27 or 9 mg/L
5-27
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5-16
L0 =
34 mg L
34
=
= 50.71 mg L
1 exp[ ( 0.222)( 5) ] 1 0.3296
1.2 mg L
1.2
=
= 3.31 mg L
1 exp[ ( 0.090)( 5) ] 1 0.6376
La
La = 27.01 or 27 mg/L
5-28
50.51
1.86
La = 27.14 or 30 mg/L
5-29
8.164
0.402
La = 20.31 or 20 mg/L
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5-17
5-30
5-31
Tf =
0.126 + 0.252
b. Calculate the deoxygenation rate constant at 20 oC
k d = 0.20 +
108.23
= 286.33K or 13.33 oC
0.3780
2 .5
( 0.6) = 0.58d 1
4 .0
13.33 20
= 0.66d 1
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5-18
5-32
1 0 .0
= 3.33d
1
0.30 50
k 10
( )
10 20
0.30
0.30
= 1.0643d 1
10 =
(1.135)
0.2819
Calculate kd at 15 C
k d = k 15 = 1.0643(1.135) 15 20 = (1.0643)( 0.5309) = 0.5651d 1
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5-19
k 10
( )
10 20
0.30
0.30
= 0.3803d 1
10 =
(1.024)
0.7889
Calculate kr at 15 C
kr = k15 = 0.3803(1.024)15 - 20 = (0.3803)(0.8882) = 0.3378 d-1
c. Calculate the critical time using Eqn 5-45. Note: since the DO is at saturation, Da = 0.0
mg/L
tc =
0.3378
0.3378 0.5651
1
1 ( 0)
ln
( 0.5651)( 50)
0.3378 0.5651 0.5651
tc = (-4.399)ln[0.5978] = 2.264
d. The critical deficit is found using Eqn 5-41 with t = 2.264
Dc =
( 0.5651)( 50)
( 0.3378 0.5651)
Dc = 23.27 mg/L
e. The critical DO is found by solving Eqn 5-31 for DO with DOs = 10.15 mg/L
Appendix A-2 at 15 C
DO = 10.15 - 23.27 = - 13.12 or 0.0 mg/L since DO cannot be negative
5-34
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5-20
-1
-1
v (m/s)
kr (d )
kr (d )
0.05 0.872067
0.2615
0.1 1.233288
0.523
0.2 1.744133
1.046
0.4 2.466577
2.092
Eqn. 5-44
kr, d-1
2
1.5
Churchill,
Elemore,
Buckingham
1
0.5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Speed, m/s
DO if Lw is reduced 50%
Given: DO at critical point is 4.0 mg/L; Lr = 0.0 mg/L; Da = 0.0 mg/L; no change in Qw
or Qr ; DOs = 10.83 mg/L; Lw is reduced 50%.
Solution:
a. Calculate Dc for the case with DO = 4.0 mg/L from Eqn 5-31
Dc = DOs - DO
Dc = 10.83 - 4.0 = 6.83 mg/L
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5-21
= 6.8645 mg L
0.280 + 0.877
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5-22
( 0.199)( 6.8645)
(10 (
0.199)( 0.1031)
0.370 0.199
1.3660
( 0.9539 0.9159) + 3.13( 0.9159) = 7.9885( 0.03795) + 2.8668 = 3.17
D=
0.171
log
( 0.199)( 6.8645)
0.370 0.199 0.199
1
tc =
log[1.8593(1 3.13( 0.125) ) ] = 0.3141d
0.171
tc =
5-23
a. The initial ultimate BOD and travel time are the same as in Problem 5-36: La =6.8645;
t = 0.1031 d.
b. The initial deficit changes because the saturation temperature changes. From Appendix
A, Table A-2 find DOs = 10.83 mg/L at 12 0C
c. Calculate initial deficit with Eqn. 5-32; Qw = 0.280 m3/s; DOw = 1.00 mg/L; Qr = 0.877
m3/s; DOr = 6.00 mg/L
( 0.280)(1.00) + ( 0.877)( 6.00)
= 10.83 4.790 = 6.04 mg L
D a = 10.83
0.280 + 0.877
= 15.87C
5-24
( 0.07628)( 6.8645)
(0.100 m s)(86400 s d)
= 0.186d
La =
c. Calculate deficit
D=
(1.911)( 5.31)
4.49 1.911
(e (
1.199)( 0.186)
e ( 4.49)( 0.186) ) + 0
5-25
5-39
(0.100 m s)(86400 s d)
= 0.333d
b. Calculate La in mg/L
La
(1.839)( 43.40)
2.030 1.830
(10 (
1.830)( 0.333)
DO at Avepitaeonmi
Given: Table of data; Avepitaeonmi is 15.55 km downstream; standard = 5.00 mg/L
Solution:
Part I. DO at Avepitaeonmi
a. Calculate t
t=
(0.390 m s)(86400 s d)
= 0.462d
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5-26
b. Calculate kd (base e)
k d = 0.4375 +
0.390
( 0.200)
2.80
At 16 0C
kr = 0.5212 (1.024)16 - 20
kr = 0.5212 (0.9095) = 0.474 d-1
d. Calculate Da
From Table A-2 @ 16 0C DOs = 9.95 mg/L
( 0.1507)(1.00) + (1.08)( 7.95)
= 2.85 mg L
D a = 9.95
0.1507 + 1.08
e. Calculate Lw
LW =
BOD t
(1 e
( k )( t )
128
(1 e ( 0.4375)(5) ) = 144.17 mg L
( 0.1507)(144.17) + (1.08)(11.40)
0.1507 + 1.08
= 27.65 mg L
g. Calculate Deficit
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5-27
( 0.2805)( 27.65)
D=
tc =
0.474
0.474 0.2805
1
1 2.85
ln
( 0.2805)( 27.65)
0.474 0.2805 0.2805
( 0.2805)( 27.65)
Dc =
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5-28
5-41
BOD t
(1 e
( k )( t )
30.00
(1 e (0.4375)(5) ) = 33.79 mg L
= 14.14 mg L
d. Calculate Deficit
D=
( 0.2805)(14.14)
(e (
0.2805)( 0.462)
0.474 0.2805
3.966
( 0.8785 0.8033) + 2.85( 0.8033) = 3.83 mg L
D=
0.1935
0.474
0.474 0.2805
1
1 2.85
ln
( 0.2805)(14.14)
0.474 0.2805 0.2805
5-29
D=
( 0.2805)(14.14)
(e (
0.2805)(1.937 )
0.474 0.2805
3.966
( 0.580732 0.399169) + 2.85( 0.399169) = 4.86 mg L
D=
0.1935
Blue Ox DO
Given: Table of data; DNR river DO = 5.00 mg/L
Solution:
a. Calculate LW
BOD t
90
= 106.94 mg L
kt =
( 0.3685)( 5)
1 e
1 e
Note: LW is calculated at 20oC, not at stream temperature.
LW =
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5-30
0 .3
( 0.1) = 0.3788d 1
2.92
15 20
= 0.3802d 1
f. Calculate tc
tc =
0.3802
0.3802 0.2011
1
1 4.84
= 2.293d
ln
( 0.2011)( 21.28)
0.3802 0.2011 0.2011
g. Calculate Dc
Dc =
( 0.2011)( 21.28)
0.3802 0.2011
Dc = 7.096 mg/L
(e (
0.2011)( 2.293)
h. Calculate DOc
DOc = DOsat Dc = 10.15 7.096 = 3.054 mg/L
i. Calculate distance to critical point
x = (v)(t) = (0.30 m/s)(86400 s/d)(2.293 d)(1.0 x 10-3 km/m) = 59.44 km
j. See example spreadsheet on following page
k. Plot DO vs. Time
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5-31
Blue Ox Outfall
5
4
Gasping, MI
3
2
critical point
DOc = 3.05 mg/L
1
0
0
Time (days)
90
mg/L
-1
o
Rate Const (k) 0.3685 d at 20 C
3
Qw 1.148 m /s
DOw
1
mg/L
Lr
Qr
DOr
7.66
mg/L
3
7.222 m /s
6
mg/L
C
Tr
15
DOsat 10.15 mg/L
River Speed 0.3 m/s
River Depth 2.92 m
0.1
Distance 25.11 km
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5-32
LW =
106.9418 mg/L
La=
21.27715 mg/L
DO after mixing
DO=
5.314217 mg/L
Da =
4.835783 mg/L
k d=
-1
o
0.378774 d at 20 C
kd (at 15oC)=
-1
o
0.201095 d at 15 C
kr (at 20oC)=
-1
o
0.428106 d at 20 C
kr (at 15oC)=
-1
o
0.380234 d at 15 C
Blue Ox Outfall
Gasping
critical point
Xc (km) =
5-43
Time (d)
0.96875
kr-kd
0.1791
kd*La/(kr-kd)
23.8849
kd*t
0.1948
kr*t
0.3684
0
0.5
0.96875
1
1.5
2
2.2931
2.5
3
59.44
3.5
4
4.5
5
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
23.8849
0.0000
0.1005
0.1948
0.2011
0.3016
0.4022
0.4611
0.5027
0.6033
0.7038
0.8044
0.9049
1.0055
0.0000
0.1901
0.3684
0.3802
0.5704
0.7605
0.8719
0.9506
1.1407
1.3308
1.5209
1.7111
1.9012
D (mg/L) DO (mg/L)
6.4775
3.6725
4.8358
5.8491
6.4775
6.5100
6.8964
7.0710
7.0957
7.0846
6.9773
6.7816
6.5229
6.2214
5.8930
5.3142
4.3009
3.6725
3.6400
3.2536
3.0790
3.0543
3.0654
3.1727
3.3684
3.6271
3.9286
4.2570
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5-33
Input Data
BOD5 of Waste
34.44 mg/L
-1
o
Rate Const (k) 0.3685 d at 20 C
3
Qw 1.148 m /s
DOw
1
mg/L
Lr
Qr
7.66 mg/L
3
7.222 m /s
DOr
Tr
DOsat
River Speed
River Depth
Distance
15
10.15
0.3
2.92
0.1
25.11
mg/L
C
mg/L
m/s
m
km
LW =
40.92307 mg/L =
La=
12.22225 mg/L
DO after mixing
DO=
5.314217 mg/L
Da =
4.835783 mg/L
k d=
-1
o
0.378774 d at 20 C
kd (at 15oC)=
-1
o
0.201095 d at 15 C
kr (at 20oC)=
-1
o
0.428106 d at 20 C
kr (at 15oC)=
-1
o
0.380234 d at 15 C
4059 kg/d
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5-34
critical point
Time (d)
0.9688
kr-kd kd*La/(kr-kd)
kd*t
0.1791
13.7202
0.1948
kr*t
0.3684
D
5.1447
DO
5.0053
0
0.5
0.96875
1
1.1301
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.1791
0.0000
0.1901
0.3684
0.3802
0.4297
0.5704
0.7605
0.9506
1.1407
1.3308
1.5209
1.7111
1.9012
4.8358
5.0616
5.1447
5.1466
5.1500
5.1249
5.0238
4.8650
4.6657
4.4394
4.1966
3.9456
3.6926
5.3142
5.0884
5.0053
5.0034
5.0000
5.0251
5.1262
5.2850
5.4843
5.7106
5.9534
6.2044
6.4574
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
13.7202
0.0000
0.1005
0.1948
0.2011
0.2273
0.3016
0.4022
0.5027
0.6033
0.7038
0.8044
0.9049
1.0055
L W = 40.92 mg L 6
(1.148 m s )(86400 s d ) = 4059 kg d
3
10 mg m
4059 kg/d of BOD may be discharged to keep the DO above the DEQ water
quality criteria of 5.00 mg/L at the critical point.
5-44
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5-35
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individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual, you are using it without permission.
5-36
Part I. DO at Avepitaeonmi
a. Calculate t
t=
(0.390 m s)(86400 s d)
= 0.462d
( 0.1507)( 2) + (1.08)(16)
0.1507 + 1.08
= 3.7C
c. Calculate kd (base e)
k d ( 20C) = 0.4375 +
0.390
( 0.200) = 0.4654d 1
2.80
= 6.14 mg L
f. Calculate Lw
LW =
BOD t
128
kt =
(1 e ) (1 e (0.4375)(5) ) = 144.17 mg L
( 0.1507)(144.17) + (1.08)(11.40)
0.1507 + 1.08
= 27.65 mg L
h. Calculate Deficit
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5-37
Two methods of solution are possible. One is to apply Eqn. 4-40 directly. Alternatively,
we note that without reaeration, the deficit is directly proportional to the rate of BOD
exertion (Eqn. 4-34) so that:
dD d( BOD) dL t
=
=
dt
dt
dt
with k = deoxygenation rate = kd, so that the deficit is equal to BOD exerted, i.e D = La Lt. Using the integrated form as in the derivation for Eqn. 5-2
Lt = Laexp(-kdt)
Lt = 27.65 exp{(-0.0590)(0.462)} = 26.91 mg/L
And the deficit would be
D = La - Lt + Da
D = 27.65 - 26.91 + 6.14 = 6.88 mg/L
i. The DO would be
DO = 13.24 - 6.88 = 6.36 mg/L
Part II. DO at Critical Point
Because there is no competition between aeration and deoxygenation, there is no critical
point. However, there are two other points of interest: (1) the point where
DO = 5.00 mg/L and (2) the point where DO = 0.0 mg/L.
a. Solving for point where DO = 5.00 mg/L
DO = 5.00 = DOs - D = 13.24 - D
D = 13.24 - 5.00 = 8.24 mg/L
and from above
D = La - Lt + Da
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5-38
5-39
- 0.296765 = - 0.0590(t)
t = 5.0299 d
The distance to this point is then the product of the stream speed and the travel time
x = (v)(t) = (0.390 m/s)(5.0299 d)(86,400 s/d)(1 x 10-3 km/m) = 169.49 km
5-46
= 2.72 mg L
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5-40
5-47
(D D exp[( k )( t) ])(k k )
k (exp[( k )( t ) ] exp[( k )( t ) ])
a
La =
L a (Q W + Q r ) Q r L r
QW
LW =
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5-41
1
( K )( t)
+ 0
L a = D
(K r )( t )
d
10
K d 10
2.20 1.80
1
+ 0 = 22.07 mg L
(1.80)( 0.3106)
L a = 6.83
( 2.20)( 0.3106)
1.80 10
10
Nitrogenous BOD
Given: Problem 5-48 and 3.00 mg/L ammonia-N.
Solution:
a. Calculated values of DOs, D and t same as in 5-48
b. Solve Eqn. 5-47 for La
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5-42
K r K d
KnLn
1
(K n )( t )
(K r )( t )
( K r )( t )
( K )( t)
(
(
)
)
D
La =
10
10
D
10
a
(
)
(
)
K
t
Kr Kn
K d 10 d 10 r
2.20 1.80
1
(
6.83
( 0.900)( 0.3106)
10 ( 2.20)( 0.3106) )
10
La =
( 2.20)( 0.3106)
1.80 10
2.20 0.900
10
La = (3.14)(3.81) = 11.98 mg/L
f. Find Lw (NOTE:from 5-48 Lr = 0)
LW =
L a (Q W + Q r ) Q r L r
QW
LW =
5-43
Input Data
BOD5 of Waste
100
mg/L
-1
o
Rate Const (k) 0.3685 d at 20 C
3
Qw
0.2 m /s
DOw
0
mg/L
Lr
Qr
7.66
mg/L
3
0.241 m /s
DOr
Tw
28
Tr
28
DOsat
River Speed
River Depth
8.38
0.15
1
0.3
mg/L
C
o
o
mg/L
m/s
m
LW =
118.8242 mg/L
La=
58.07462 mg/L
DO after mixing
DO=
4.371882 mg/L
Da =
4.008118 mg/L
k d=
kd (at 28oC)=
-1
o
0.639421 d at 15 C
kr (at 20oC)=
-1
o
1.510464 d at 20 C
kr (at 28oC)=
-1
o
1.826038 d at 15 C
-1
o
0.4135 d at 20 C
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5-44
Summer
continued
Brew Outfall
critical point
Xc (km) =
9.96
Time (d)
0.96875
kr-kd
1.1866
kd*La/(kr-kd)
31.2941
kd*t
0.6194
kr*t
1.769
D (mg/L) DO (mg/L)
12.1915
-3.8115 Cannot be negative, so = 0.0
0
0.5
0.7688
0.96875
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
1.1866
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
31.2941
0
0.3197
0.4916
0.6194
0.6394
0.9591
1.2788
1.5986
1.9183
2.238
2.5577
2.8774
3.1971
0
0.913
1.4039
1.769
1.826
2.7391
3.6521
4.5651
5.4781
6.3911
7.3042
8.2172
9.1302
4.0081
11.7806
12.4385
12.1915
12.1163
10.2292
8.0033
6.0433
4.4819
3.2925
2.4064
1.7539
1.2764
4.3719
-3.4006
-4.0585
-3.8115
-3.7363
-1.8492
0.3767
2.3367
3.8981
5.0875
5.9736
6.6261
7.1036
MicroBrew Outfall
6
4
2
0
-2 0
-4
-6
critical point
DOc = -4.05 mg/L
Time (days)
Figure S-5-50a: DO sag curve for Big Head River in the summer
b. Calculate DO at critical point during the winter as in the example spreadsheet on the
following page
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5-45
Input Data
Winter
BOD5 of Waste
100
mg/L
-1
o
Rate Const (k) 0.3685 d at 20 C
3
m /s
Qw
0.2
DOw
0
mg/L
Lr
Qr
7.66 mg/L
3
0.483 m /s
DOr
Tw
28
Tr
DOsat
River Speed
River Depth
mg/L
C
o
o
13.13 mg/L
0.15 m/s
2
m
0.3
LW =
118.8242 mg/L
La=
40.21175 mg/L
DO after mixing
DO=
5.657394 mg/L
Da =
7.472606 mg/L
k d=
-1
o
0.391 d at 20 C
-1
o
kd (at 5.3oC)= 0.125529 d at 15 C
kr (at 20oC)=
-1
o
0.534029 d at 20 C
kr (at 5.3oC)=
-1
o
0.43167 d at 15 C
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5-46
Winter
Continued
Brew Outfall
critical point
Xc (km) =
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
0.3061
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
16.4883
kd*t
0.1216
kr*t
0.4182
0
0.0628
0.1216
0.1255
0.1883
0.2511
0.2589
0.3138
0.3766
0.4394
0.5021
0.5649
0.6276
0
0.2158
0.4182
0.4317
0.6475
0.8633
0.8904
1.0792
1.295
1.5108
1.7267
1.9425
2.1584
D (mg/L) DO (mg/L)
8.6658
4.4642
7.4726
8.2198
8.6658
8.6882
8.9401
9.0251
9.0261
8.9829
8.8449
8.636
8.3759
8.0801
7.7608
5.6574
4.9102
4.4642
4.4418
4.1899
4.1049
4.1039
4.1471
4.2851
4.494
4.7541
5.0499
5.3692
MicroBrew Outfall
5
4
3
2
critical point
DOc = 4.1 mg/L
1
0
0
Time (days)
Figure S-5-50b: DO sag curve for the Big Head River in the winter
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5-47
5-51
z=
5-52
1.00
1.00
h = 40.0h
h=
1.025 1.00
0.025
(z )( 2) (
f )KL
= 188.5 m 3 d
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5-48
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
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5-49
5-5
Lake productivity
Given: Remote lake in Canada with no waste sources but highly turbid and very low DO
in hypolimnion
Solution:
This would be classified as a eutrophic lake. High turbidity eliminates oligotrophic
productivity. Large mats of floating algae point to a eutrophic lake. Assuming summer
stratification, the hypolimnion DO of 1.0 mg/L is close to anaerobic which would
eliminate mesotrophic productivity.
5-6
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