Chem 1035

Test 4

December 2, 2014

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There is a periodic table on the back of this test.

Avogadros number: 6.02 x 1023 entities/mole

R = 0.0821 Latm/molK

Printed Name _______________________________

1.

When NH3 reacts with H+ to form NH4+ according to the following reaction, the
hybridization at nitrogen
NH3
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

H+

NH4+

does not change

changes from sp to sp3
changes from sp3 to sp2
changes from sp2 to sp3
changes from sp to sp2

Answer: A. does not change

The Lewis structure of NH4+ is

The Lewis structure of NH3 is
In NH3, the N atom has four regions of electrons, three single bonds and one unshared
pair so a set of four sp3 hybrid orbitals are used. In NH4+, the N atom also has four
electron regions, four single bonds, and again a set of four sp3 hybrid orbitals are used.

2.

What is the hybridization for the central atom in SO2?

A. sp

B. sp2

C. sp3

D. sp3d

E. sp3d2

Answer: B. sp2
Sulfur has three electron regions, a
Draw the Lewis structure of SO2:
single bond, a double bond, and one unshared pair and thus needs 3 hybrid orbitals to
accommodate these 3 electron groups. sp2 orbitals occur in sets of 3 orbitals.

3.

If a molecule is linear and the central atom exhibits sp3d hybridization, how many
unshared pairs of electrons are there on the central atom?
A. zero

B. one

C. two

D. three

E. four

Answer: D. three
sp3d hybrid orbitals occur in sets of five, so an atom using those orbitals must have five
electron regions. There is one hybrid orbital for each electron region. An electron region
is a covalent bond or an unshared pair of electrons. So this central atom must have five
electron regions, two of which must be bonds since the molecule is linear. That leaves
5 2 = 3 electron regions that must be unshared pairs.

4.

Consider the following statements about the C=N double bond in the following
molecule and answer the question that follows them:

1. The C=N bond consists of 2 bonds.

2. The bond is formed by the end-to-end overlap of an sp2 orbital from
each atom.
3. The bond is formed by sideways overlap of a p orbital of the N atom with an
sp2 orbital of the C atom.
4. The bond in the C=N bond is form by sideways overlap of a p orbital from
each atom.
Which of these statements correctly describes the C=N double bond?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Statement 2 only
Statements 2 and 4
Statement 4 only
Statements 1 and 2
Statements 2, 3, and 4

Answer: B. Statements 2 and 4

The carbon atom has 3 electron regions (2 single bonds and one double bond) and
would need 3 hybrid orbitals. sp2 hybrid orbitals have 3 in a set. The nitrogen atom also
has 3 regions of electrons (one single bond, one double bond, and one unshared pair of
3

electrons) and so needs 3 hybrid orbitals, so sp2 hybrid orbitals will be used. The carbon
and nitrogen atom each use one of their sp2 hybrid orbitals to form the single (sigma)
bond between them. So Statement 2 is correct. The other part of the double bond
between the carbon and nitrogen, the pi bond, is form by the overlap of an unhybridized p
orbital from each atom. So Statement 4 is correct.

5.

In the molecular structure of aspirin shown below, how many of the oxygen atoms have
sp2 hybridization?

A. none of them

B. 1

C. 2

D. 3

E. 4

Answer: C. 2
The two oxygen atoms that are NOT circled have four electron regions (two single bonds
and two unshared electron pairs) and will need four hybrid orbitals. The hybrid orbitals
that come in sets of four are sp3. The two oxygen atoms that are circles have three
electron regions (one double bond and two unshared pairs) and will need three hybrid
orbitals. The hybrid orbitals that come in sets of three are sp2.
6.

In a molecule of acetylene, C2H2, both carbon atoms exhibit sp hybridization. Which

one of the following statements is correct?
A. There is a triple bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 180o.
B. There is a double bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 109.5o.
C. There is a single bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 109.5o.
D. There is a triple bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 120o.
E. There is a double bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 120o.
4

Answer: A. There is a triple bond between the carbon atoms, and the bond angles
are 180o.
Atoms that use sp hybrid orbitals have two electron regions. Each carbon atom in C2H2
is bonded to two atoms (a C and a H atom) so the two electron regions must be bonds:
HCCH Since each carbon atom has only four electrons and needs another four
electrons in order to have an octet, there must be a triple bond between the two carbon
atoms: HCCH . There is always a 180 bond angle between two regions of
electrons to minimize the repulsion between the two electron clouds.
7.

Consider four identical 1.00-L flasks containing the following gases each at 0 C and
1 atm pressure: H2, O2, NH3, SO2. Which sample has the lowest mass?
A. All have the same mass
D. NH3

B. H2
E. SO2

C. O2

Answer: B. H2
PV = nRT Each of the gases has the same pressure, volume, and temperature. This
means that n must be the same for each as well there are equal numbers of moles of
each gas. The gas with the smallest molar mass would represent the sample with the
lowest mass. H2 at 2.02 g/mol has the smallest molar mass.
8.

If 5.75 g of a gas occupies a volume of 2.80 L at STP, what is the molar mass of the gas?
A. 46.0 g/mol
D. 112 g/mol

B. 79.9 g/mol
E. 28.2 g/mol

C. 64.0 g/mol

Answer: A. 46.0 g/mol

Use PV = nRT to find the moles of gas. Divide the mass of the gas by the number of
moles to obtain the molar mass. STP is 1 atm and 273K.
PV = nRT
(1 atm)(2.80 L) = n(0.0821 L atm/mol K)( 273 K)
n = 0.125 mol
mass, g
5.75 g
molar mass =
=
= 46.0 g/mol
moles
0.125 mol

9.

NH3 is commercially produced by the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g)
What volume of NH3 is produced at 300 C and 4.5 atm when 65.0 g of N2 react with
excess H2?
A. 47.8 L

B. 48.5 L

C. 25.4 L

D. 33.6 L

E. 24.3 L

Answer: B. 48.5 L

First, use the mole ratio in the balanced equation to determine the moles of NH3 that are
produced when 35.0 g of N2 reacts:
Moles of NH3 =

65.0 g N 2

2 mol NH 3
1 mol N 2
x
28.0 g N 2
1 mol N 2

= 4.64 mol NH 3

Use PV = nRT to find the volume of 4.64 mol of NH3 at this temperature and pressure:
P = 4.5 atm
V=?
T = 300oC + 273 = 573 K

n = 4.64 mol

PV = nRT
(4.5 atm)(x) = (4.64 mol)(0.0821 Latm/molK)(573 K)
x = 48.5 L
10.

The pressure of 12 L of a gas in a flexible container is increased to four times its

original pressure, and its kelvin temperature is decreased by one-half. What is the final
volume of the gas?
A. 24.0 L

B. 6.0 L

C. 2.0 L

D. 18 L

E. 1.5 L

Answer: E. 1.5 L

Lets consider each of the changes separately:

According to the Ideal Gas Equation, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to
volume. When the pressure is increased by some factor, the volume decreases by the
same factor. When the pressure of a fixed amount of gas increases by a factor of 4 at
constant temperature, the volume is reduced by 1/4: 12/ 4 = 3 L.
According to the Ideal Gas Equation, the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to
volume. When the temperature is decreased by some factor, the volume decreases by the
same factor. When the temperature of a fixed amount of gas is decreased by 1/2 at
constant pressure, the volume is reduced by 1/2: 3/ 2 = 1.5 L.
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11.

At a given temperature and pressure, the density in g/L of argon is about

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

four times the density of neon.

twice the density of neon.
one-half the density of neon.
ten times the density of neon.
the same as the density of neon.

Answer: B. twice the density of neon.

PM
; we are considering two gases, both at the same
RT
temperature and pressure. Since the P and T values are the same for each gas, the only
variable in molas mass, M. Density is directly proportional to molar mass; the larger the
molar mass of the gas, the greater its density. Ar has a molar mass of 40.0 g/mol and
neon has a molar mass of 20 g/mol. Since the molar mass of Ar is twice that of Ne, the
density of Ar is twice that of Ne.

The formula for gas density is d =

12.

Equal numbers of moles of Gas A and Gas B are in the same 2.0 L container at room
temperature. Gas B has a molar mass that is twice as great as the molar mass of Gas A.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The molecules of Gas B have a greater average velocity than the molecules of
Gas A.
B. The molecules of Gas A have a greater average kinetic energy than the molecules
of Gas B.
C. Gas B has a greater partial pressure than Gas A.
D. The density of Gas A is greater than that of Gas B.
E. None of the above is true.
Answer: E. None of the above is true.

Only temperature determines the kinetic energy of gases; since both gas samples have the
same temperature, they have the same average kinetic energy. Kinetic Energy = mv2,
where m = mass and v = velocity. Since both gases have the same average kinetic
energy, the lighter gas (Gas A) must have a greater velocity than the heavier gas (Gas B).
Since there is an equal number of moles of both gases, the partial pressure of each gas is
the same since pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.
PM
Since the P and T values are the same for each gas, the only variable in
d=
RT
molas mass, M. Density is directly proportional to molar mass; the larger the molar mass
of the gas, the greater its density. So Gas B with the larger molar mass has the greater
density.
7

13.

What is the pressure exerted by 3.01x1023 molecules of CO2 gas in a

15.0 L container at 35.0 oC?
A. 1.24 atm
D. 9.58 atm

B. 1.89 atm
E. 0.776 atm

C. 0.843 atm

Answer: C. 0.843 atm

T = 35.0oC + 273 = 308 K

V = 15.0 L
P=?
n=

3.01x10

23

1 mole

molecules
= 0.50 mol
23
6.02x10 molecules

PV = nRT
(x)(15.0 L) = 0.50 mol(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(308 K)
P = 0.843 atm

14.

The density of an unknown element in the gaseous state is 2.88 g/L at 300 K and 1 atm.
Which of the following could be the element?
A. O2

B. Cl2

C. Ne

D. He

E. Ar

Answer: B. Cl2

Use the density equation to find the molar mass of this element:
d = 2.88 g/L
P = 1 atm
d=

PM
RT

2.88 g/L =

M (molar mass) = ?
T = 300 K

1 atm x

0.0821 Latm/mol K 300 K

x = molar mass = 70.9 g/mol

This is the molar mass of Cl2

THIS IS TEST VERSION B. MARK THE TEST VERSION ON YOUR

OPSCAN NOW!
8

15.

If 7.23 mL of an unknown gas effuses in the same amount of time as 11.7 mL of argon
under the same conditions, what is the molar mass of the unknown gas?
A. 21.0 g/mol
D. 64.6 g/mol

B. 146 g/mol
E. 98.5 g/mol

C. 105 g/mol

Answer: C. 105 g/mol

Rate of effusion:
rateAr
molar mass of unknown
=
rateunknown
molar mass of Ar
Molar mass of Ar = 40.0 g/mol
11.7 mL/ time
=
7.23 mL/time

x g/mol
40.0 g/mol

1.618 =

(1.618) =

2.619 =

x g/mol
40.0 g/mol

x g/mol

40.0 g/mol

x g/mol
40.0 g/mol

x = 105 g/mol
16.

A sample of gas is confined in a rigid (constant volume) vessel. If the gas exerts a
pressure of 250 mmHg at 60.0 oC, at what temperature (oC) will the gas exert a
pressure of 500 mmHg?
A. 120 oC
D. 508 oC

B. 666 oC
E. 393 oC

C. 373 oC

Answer: E. 393 oC

T1 = 60.0oC + 273 = 333 K

T2 = ?

P1 = 250 mmHg
P2 = 500 mmHg

Write the Ideal Gas Equation twice and drop out the constants:
9

P1 V
nRT1

P2 V
nRT2

250 mmHg
500 mmHg

P1
T
1
P2
T2

n, V, and R do not change

333 K
x
x = 666 K 273 = 393 oC
17.

A mixture containing 0.779 mol CH4(g) and 0.976 mol CO2(g) is confined in a vessel.
The partial pressure of CH4(g) is 1.65 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of CO2(g) and
the total pressure, PT.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

PCO2 = 1.87 atm,

PCO2 = 2.07 atm,
PCO2 = 1.32 atm,
PCO2 = 2.28 atm,
PCO2 = 0.460 atm,

PT = 3.69 atm
PT = 3.72 atm
PT = 2.97 atm
PT = 4.10 atm
PT = 2.28 atm

Answer: B. PCO2 = 2.07 atm,

Mole fraction (X) of CH4 =

PT = 3.72 atm

mol CH 4
0.779 mol
= 0.444
=
mol CH 4 + mol CO 2
0.779 mol + 0.976 mol

PCH4 = X CH4 Ptotal

1.65 atm = 0.444 x Ptotal
Ptotal = 3.72 atm
Ptotal = PCO2 + PCH4
3.72 atm = PCO2 + 1.65 atm
PCO2 = 3.72 atm 1.65 atm = 2.07 atm
18.

A gas initially at 4.45 L, 1.10 atm, and 58.0 C undergoes a change so that its final
volume and temperature are 3.12 L and 26.0 C. What is its final pressure?
A. 1.42 atm
D. 0.703 atm

B. 1.05 atm
E. 2.02 atm

C. 3.12 atm

Answer: A. 1.42 atm

V1 = 4.45 L
V2 = 3.12 L

T1 = 58.0oC + 273 = 331 K

T2 = 26.0oC + 273 = 299 K

P1 = 1.10 atm
P2 = ?

Write the Ideal Gas Equation twice and drop out the constants:
10

P1V1
nRT1

P2 V2
nRT2

P1V1
T
1
P2 V2
T2

1.10 atm 4.45 L

x 3.12 L

n and R do not change

331 K
299 K

x = 1.42 atm
19.

Phosphorus reacts with hydrogen according to the balanced equation:

P4(s) + 6H2(g) 4PH3(g)
If 140. g of phosphorus reacts with 20.0 L of hydrogen at 0.915 atm and 20.0 C, what
mass of PH3 (molar mass = 34.0 g/mol) is produced?
A. 13.5 g

B. 25.9 g

C. 17.2 g

D. 154 g

E. 38.4 g

Answer: C. 17.2 g

This is a limiting reactant problem. Calculate the mass of PH3 produced by the
phosphorus and then the amount of PH3 produced by the given amount of H2. The
smaller number is the correct answer.
Assuming that phosphorus is the limiting reactant:
4 mol PH 3
34 g PH 3
140. g P4
1 mol P4
Mass of PH3 =
x
x
x
124 g P4
1 mol P4
1 mol PH 3

= 154 g PH 3

Assuming H2 is the limiting reactant: First, use PV = nRT to find the moles of H2:
PV = nRT
(0.915 atm)(20.0 L) = n(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(293 K)
n = 0.761 mol H2
How much PH3 is produced by this amount of hydrogen?
Mass of PH3 =

0.761 mol H 2

4 mol PH 3
34 g PH 3
x
6 mol H 2
1 mol PH 3

= 17.2 g PH 3

Since less PH3 is produced by the hydrogen, hydrogen is the limiting reactant.

11

20.

1.7 moles of gas are in a flask at 21C and 697 torr. The flask is opened and more gas is
placed in the flask. The new pressure is 800. torr and the temperature is now 32C. How
many moles of gas are now in the flask?
A. 2.1 moles
D. 2.8 moles

B. 2.3 moles
E. 1.9 moles

C. 2.5 moles

Answer: E. 1.9 moles

First use the Ideal Gas Law to find the volume of the flask:
V=?
T = 21oC + 273 = 294 K
P = 697 torr
n = 1.7 mol
1 atm
P = 697 torr
= 0.917 atm
760 torr
PV = nRT
(0.917 atm)(x) = (1.7 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(294 K)
V = 44.7 L
Now use the Ideal Gas Law to find the number of moles at the new pressure and
temperature:
V = 44.7 L
P = 800. torr
n=?

T = 32oC + 273 = 305 K

1 atm
P = 800. torr
= 1.05 atm
760 torr
PV = nRT
(1.05 atm)(44.7 L) = (x)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(305 K)
n = 1.9 mol
21.

In an experiment, 2 L of nitrogen monoxide (NO) react with 1 L of oxygen gas to

produce 2 L of a compound of nitrogen and oxygen. All volumes are measured at the
same condition of temperature and pressure. What is the chemical formula for the
compound formed in the reaction?
A. N2O4

B. N2O3

C. N2O5

Answer: D. NO2

12

D. NO2

E. N2O

Since the volume of all of these gases are measured at the same temperature and
pressure, the volume directly corresponds to the number of moles of gas:
PV = nRT
So we can consider that we have 2 moles of NO since there is 2 L of NO, and we have 1
mole of O2 since we have 1 L of O2. There is a ratio of 2:1 between NO and O2.We also
must have 2 moles of product since there the volume of the product is 2 L; there must be
a ratio of 2:2 between NO and the product. The balanced reaction is:
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2 X(g).
The only compound listed that will fit in this balanced reaction is NO2:
2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g). The other compounds result in a balanced reaction with
different coefficients with different molar ratios.
22.

As the temperature of a pure liquid increases, its _______________________ increases.

A. surface tension
D. viscosity

B. boiling point
E. all of these

C. vapor pressure

Answer: C. vapor pressure

An increase in temperature results in the molecules of the liquid having more kinetic
energy. This increase in kinetic energy means that molecules can more easily overcome
the intermolecular forces. More molecules can escape into the vapor pressure, so the
vapor pressure is higher at higher temperatures.
At higher temperatures, viscosity and surface tension decrease.
23.

Which of the following lists the compounds from the lowest boiling point to the
highest boiling point?
Lowest boiling point Highest boiling point
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

He < Ar < SO2 < HF < CaF2

SO2 < HF < CaF2 < Ar < He
Ar < He < HF < SO2 < CaF2
He < HF < Ar < SO2 < CaF2
CaF2 < SO2 < HF < He < Ar

Answer: A. He < Ar < SO2 < HF < CaF2

Boiling points increase with increasing strength of intermolecular forces. Substances with
strong forces have high boiling points while substances with weaker forces have lower
boiling points.
Ionic forces: present in ionic (metal/nonmetal) compounds. CaF2 has ionic forces.
13

Hydrogen bonds: present in compounds in which H is directly bonded to O, N, or

F. HF exhibits hydrogen bonding.
Dipole forces: present in polar molecules. SO2 is polar. See the Lewis structure of SO2
in Problem 3. The molecule is bent so the two polar S-O bonds do not cancel.
Dispersion forces: present in all molecules; the ONLY force present in nonpolar
substances. Both He and Ar are nonpolar; the dispersion forces are stronger in Ar since it
has a larger molar mass.
So He has the weakest force and the lowest boiling point; Ar has stronger dispersion
forces and a higher boiling point, followed by SO2 with dipole-dipole forces, then HF
with hydrogen bonding and then CaF2 with the strongest force and highest boiling point.
24.

Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?

A. CF4

B. CI4

C. CH4

D. CCl4

E. CBr4

Answer: C. CH4

Boiling points increase with increasing strength of intermolecular forces.

Each of these molecules is a nonpolar tetrahedral molecule (CH4 is shown) and has only
weak dispersion forces. Since CH4 has the lowest molar mass, it will have the weakest
dispersion forces and will therefore have the lowest boiling point.

25.

Rank the following compounds in order of decreasing surface tension at a given

temperature:

Highest surface tension Lowest surface tension

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

3-pentanone > 1-pentanol > n-hexane

1-pentanol > n-hexane > 3-pentanone
n-hexane > 1-pentanol > 3-pentanone
1-pentanol > 3-pentanone > n-hexane
n-hexane > 3-pentanone > 1-pentanol
14

Answer: D. 1-pentanol > 3-pentanone > n-hexane

The weaker the intermolecular forces in a liquid, the lower the surface tension.
n-hexane is a nonpolar molecule and has only weak dispersion forces.
3-pentanone is polar due to the electronegative oxygen atom and has dipole-dipole forces.
1-pentanol exhibits hydrogen bonding.
Strongest forces weakest forces
Hydrogen bonds dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces
1-pentanol > 3-pentanone > n-hexane
Highest surface tension Lowest surface tension
26.

Which of the following compounds can exhibit hydrogen bonding as a pure liquid?
1. C6H5NH2
4. H3C-O-CH3

2. ClF2CCH3
5. CH3Cl

3. CH3COOH
6. CH4

A. 1, 2, 3, 4
D. 4, 6

B. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
E. 4, 5, 6

C. 1, 3

Answer: C. 1, 3

Hydrogen bonds: present in compounds in which H is directly bonded to O, N, or F.

In CH3COOH there is an O-H bond. In C6H5NH2, there is an N-H bond. The other molecules
have none of these bonds, and thus, no hydrogen bonds.
27.

In which of the following substances are dispersion forces the only significant forces?
A. NH3
D. CO2 and ClF3

B. CO2
E. All of these

C. ClF3

Answer: B. CO2

Dispersion forces are the only forces present in nonpolar molecules. CO2, a linear
molecule, is nonpolar since the two C=O polar bonds cancel. NH3 has a trigonal
pyramidal geometry in which the three N-H polar bond do NOT cancel. ClF3 has a Tshaped geometry and is polar. The polar molecules NH3 and ClF3 have dipole-dipole
forces.

15

28.

Select the pair of substances in which the one with the higher vapor pressure at a
given temperature is listed first.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

CH3CH2OH, CH3OH
C7H16, C5H12
CH3COOH, CHCl3
H2S, H2O
CH3CH2OH, H3COCH3

Answer: D. H2S, H2O

Vapor pressure increases with decreasing strength of intermolecular forces.

Intermolecular forces, from strongest to weakest:
Ionic forces: present in ionic (metal/nonmetal) compounds. None of these substances is
ionic.
Hydrogen bonds: present in compounds in which H is directly bonded to O, N, or
F.
Dipole forces: present in polar molecules
Dispersion forces: present in all molecules; the ONLY force present in nonpolar
substances.
A. Both CH3CH2OH and CH3OH exhibit hydrogen bonding; the lighter CH3OH has the
weaker forces, however, and the higher vapor pressure.
B. C7H16 and C5H12 are both nonpolar and have only dispersion forces.
The strength of dispersion forces increases with increasing molar mass. Since C7H16 is
heavier than C5H12, its dispersion forces are stronger. The vapor pressure of C5H12 is
greater than that of C7H16 since C5H12 has weaker dispersion forces due to its lower molar
mass.
C. CHCl3 is polar since it has C-H and C-Cl polar bonds which do not cancel; this
molecular has dipole-dipole forces. CH3COOH has hydrogen bonds which are
stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in CHCl3. Therefore, CHCl3, with the weaker
forces, has the higher vapor pressure.
D. H2S is polar since it has a bent molecular geometry and has two polar bonds that do
not cancel; this molecular has dipole-dipole forces. H2O has hydrogen bonds which
are stronger than the dipole-dipole forces in H2S. Therefore, H2S, with the weaker
forces, has the higher vapor pressure.
E. CH3CH2OH has hydrogen bonds while H3COCH3 does not; H3COCH3 is polar and
has dipole-dipole forces that are weaker than the hydrogen bonds in CH3CH2OH
Therefore H3COCH3 has the higher vapor pressure.
16

29.

Consider the following graph of vapor pressure vs temperature for four liquids:

One of these liquids is water, one is acetic acid, CH3COOH, one is acetone,
, and one is ethanol, CH3CH2OH.
A. Liquid A

B. Liquid B

Which liquid is acetone?

C. Liquid C

D. Liquid D

Answer: A. Liquid A

Water, acetic acid, and ethanol all exhibit hydrogen bonding. Acetone does not. So
acetone has weaker forces than the other three molecules. Since it has weaker forces,
acetone will have a higher vapor pressure at any particular temperature than the other
three liquids. Weaker forces result in acetone molecules more easily overcoming the
forces to escape from the liquid into the vapor to exert pressure. Liquid A must be
acetone since it has the highest vapor pressure at all temperatures.
30.

Consider the following compounds.

C2H5OH

CH3OCH3

CH3CH2CH3

The boiling points of these compounds are (in no particular order) 42.1 C, 23 C, and
78.5 C. Match the boiling points to the correct compound.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

C2H5OH: 78.5 C,
C2H5OH: 23 C,
C2H5OH: 42.1 C,
C2H5OH: 42.1 C,
C2H5OH: 78.5 C,

CH3OCH3: 42.1 C,
CH3OCH3: 42.1 C,
CH3OCH3: 78.5 C,
CH3OCH3: 23 C,
CH3OCH3: 23 C,
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CH3CH2CH3: 23 C
CH3CH2CH3: 78.5 C
CH3CH2CH3: 23 C
CH3CH2CH3: 78.5 C
CH3CH2CH3: 42.1 C

Answer: E. C2H5OH: 78.5 C,

CH3OCH3: 23 C,

CH3CH2CH3: 42.1 C

Boiling points increase with increasing strength of intermolecular forces. Substances with
strong forces have high boiling points while substances with weaker forces have lower
boiling points. C2H5OH exhibits hydrogen bonding since there is an O-H bond. The
other two molecules have weaker forces since they do not have hydrogen bonds. So
C2H5OH has the highest boiling point of 78.5 C. CH3OCH3 is polar due to the
electronegative O atom and has dipole-dipole forces. Those forces are stronger than the
weaker dispersion forces in the nonpolar molecule CH3CH2CH3. With the weakest
forces, CH3CH2CH3 has the lowest boiling point of 42.1 C.

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