Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF EARTHQUAKE
RESPONSE
SPECTRUM
30-Apr-16
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
Solution ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1.
3.1.1.
3.1.2.
Converting the PEER Data format into two column format ................................ 6
3.2.
3.3.
3.3.1.
SPEC.m.................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.3.2.
Response_spectra.m ..................................................................................................................... 12
3.3.3.
3.3.4.
Output................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.4.
Comparing the results from MATLAB with results from SeismoSignal software
30
3.5.
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.6.
References ................................................................................................................................................... 32
1. Problem Statement
Compute the displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra of 4 different
accelerograms (including the El Centro wave N-S component). According to Chinese
code for site classifications, for each class of site at least two accelerograms are
adopted.
For each accelerogram five damping ratios, i.e. 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% should be
considered. The abscissa adopts the fundamental period T (s) over the interval 0-10s.
In the report the time history and Fourier amplitudes of the 4 accelerograms should
be given.
In the report your name, number of academic management, your advisors name
and corresponding information should be indicated.
The strong earthquake ground motion is obtained from the acceleration records from
the past. The acceleration can be integrated with time to form a time history of
acceleration, velocity or displacement. But, the peak ground acceleration alone does
not reflect the intensity of the structural response because duration and dominant
period may also influence the response of the structure significantly.
2.2.
Response Spectrum
the absolute value of the systems maximum relative displacement, may be expressed
as
undamped natural frequency and its damping ratio. A response spectrum may be thus
defined as a graphical representation of the variation with natural frequency(or natural
period) and damping ratio of the absolute value of the maximum response of a singledegree-of-freedom system to a given ground acceleration time history.
2.3.
Tripartite Representation
In the MATLAB code, Newmarks method is used to solve the differential equations.
2.4.
A Fourier spectrum constitutes the representation of a time history into the frequency
domain. Hence, the Fourier spectrum of a ground motion time history is simply defined
as the Fourier transform of the ground motion time history.
3. Solution
3.1.
There are many sites from which the ground motion data could be downloaded, here,
the PEER Strong motion database is chosen.
3.1.1.
While doing the seismic design, the selection of acclerogram for a site will depend
on the shear velocity of the station where the acclerograph is placed. We select
two accelerogram for each type of soil. The selected accelorgram has the shear
velocity(Vs30) same as the base shear velocity of the soil at the site.
The following accelerograms are selected
SN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Imperial
Elcentro
RSN5828_SIERRA.MEX_RAC000
RSN5824_SIERRA.MEX_CIC000
RSN1119_KOBE_TAZ000
RSN1106_KOBE_KJM000
Valley, RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC270
Loma Prieta
RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC180
RSN732_LOMAP_A02043
Vs
30
(m/s)
535.24
505.23
312
312
213.44
213.44
133.11
5
RSN759_LOMAP_A01000
3.1.2.
116.35
The data downloaded from the PEER Strong motion database have the following
format.
3.1.2.1.
tr.m
A matlab program called tr.m is written to convert the five column data format to
the one having two columns one for time and other for acceleration.
The output of the code is a txt file which looks like the following:
3.2.
clear;
load loma2.txt
t=loma2(:,1);
a=loma2(:,2);
figure('Name','Spectral Displacement','NumberTitle','off')
plot(t,a);
grid on
xlabel('Time (sec)','FontSize',13);
ylabel('Ground Acceleration(g)','FontSize',13);
title('Accelerogram ','FontSize',13)
The output of the program for different accelerograms are given below:
3.2.1.1.
RSN5828_SIERRA.MEX_RAC000
3.2.1.2.
RSN5824_SIERRA.MEX_CIC000
3.2.1.3.
RSN1119_KOBE_TAZ000
3.2.1.4.
RSN1106_KOBE_KJM000
3.2.1.5.
RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC270
3.2.1.6.
RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC180
10
3.2.1.7.
RSN732_LOMAP_A02043
3.2.1.8.
RSN759_LOMAP_A01000
11
3.3.
First, a function called SPEC.m is defined to calculate the responses and the responses
are plotted using the program Response_spectra.m
3.3.1.
SPEC.m
function [T,Spa,Spv,Sd]=SPEC(dt,Ag,zet,g,endp)
u=zeros(length(Ag),1);
v=zeros(length(Ag),1);
ac=zeros(length(Ag),1);
Ag(end+1)=0;
T(1,1)=0.00;
for j=1:round(endp/dt)
% equation of motion(Newmark linear method)
omega(j,1)=2*pi/T(j);
% Natural Frequency
m=1;
k=(omega(j))^2*m;
c=2*m*omega(j)*zet/100;
K=k+3*c/dt+6*m/(dt)^2;
a=6*m/dt+3*c;
b=3*m+dt*c/2;
for i=1:length(u)-1
u(1,1)=0;
%initial conditions
v(1,1)=0;
ac(1,1)=0;
df=-(Ag(i+1)-Ag(i))+a*v(i,1)+b*ac(i,1); % delta Force
du=df/K;
dv=3*du/dt-3*v(i,1)-dt*ac(i,1)/2;
dac=6*(du-dt*v(i,1))/(dt)^2-3*ac(i,1);
u(i+1,1)=u(i,1)+du;
v(i+1,1)=v(i,1)+dv;
ac(i+1,1)=ac(i,1)+dac;
end
Sd(j,1)=max(abs((u(:,1))));
%Sv(j,1)=max(abs(v));
%Sa(j,1)=max(abs(ac))/g;
Spv(j,1)=Sd(j)*omega(j);
Spa(j,1)=Sd(j)*(omega(j))^2/g;
T(j+1,1)=T(j)+dt;
end
Ag(end)=[];
T(end)=[];
Sd(2,1)=0; Spv(1:2,1)=0;Spa(1:2,1)=max(abs(Ag))/g;
3.3.2.
Response_spectra.m
load loma2.txt
dt=0.005;
Ag=loma2(:,2)*g;
g=9810;
endp=10;
[T,Spa,Spv,Sd]=SPEC(dt,Ag,1,g,endp);
T1=T;
Spa1=Spa;
Spv1=Spv;
12
Sd1=Sd;
[T,Spa,Spv,Sd]=SPEC(dt,Ag,2,g,endp);
T2=T;
Spa2=Spa;
Spv2=Spv;
Sd2=Sd;
[T,Spa,Spv,Sd]=SPEC(dt,Ag,5,g,endp);
T3=T;
Spa3=Spa;
Spv3=Spv;
Sd3=Sd;
[T,Spa,Spv,Sd]=SPEC(dt,Ag,10,g,endp);
T4=T;
Spa4=Spa;
Spv4=Spv;
Sd4=Sd;
loglog(T1,Sd1,T2,Sd2,T3,Sd3,T4,Sd4)
grid on
xlabel('Period (sec)','FontSize',13);
ylabel('Sd (mm)','FontSize',13);
title('Displacement Spectrum','FontSize',13)
xlim([0.01,10])
legend('1% Damping','2% Damping','5% Damping','10% Damping')
figure('Name','Pseudo Acceleration Spectrum','NumberTitle','off')
loglog(T1,Spa1,T2,Spa2,T3,Spa3,T4,Spa4)
grid on
xlabel('Period (sec)','FontSize',13);
ylabel('Spa (mm^2/s)','FontSize',13);
title('Pseudo Acceleration Spectrum','FontSize',13)
xlim([0.01,10])
legend('1% Damping','2% Damping','5% Damping','10% Damping')
figure('Name','Pseudo velocity Spectrum','NumberTitle','off')
loglog(T1,Spv1,T2,Spv2,T3,Spv3,T4,Spv4)
grid on
xlabel('Period (sec)','FontSize',13);
ylabel('Spv (mm/s)','FontSize',13);
title('Pseudo velocity Spectrum','FontSize',13)
xlim([0.01,10])
legend('1% Damping','2% Damping','5% Damping','10% Damping')
3.3.3.
13
3.3.4.
Output
3.3.4.1.
RSN5828_SIERRA.MEX_RAC000
14
15
3.3.4.2.
RSN5824_SIERRA.MEX_CIC000
16
17
3.3.4.3.
RSN1119_KOBE_TAZ000
18
19
3.3.4.4.
RSN1106_KOBE_KJM000
20
21
3.3.4.5.
RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC270
22
23
3.2.2.5.
RSN6_IMPVALL.I_I-ELC180
24
25
3.3.4.6.
RSN732_LOMAP_A02043
26
27
3.3.4.7.
RSN759_LOMAP_A01000
28
29
3.4.
30
It can be seen that the values of fourier amplitude for corresponding frequency is
same from both the graphs.
31
3.5.
Conclusion
Thus, the response spectra for various time periods are plotted. It could be seen that
the response varied with the change in damping ratio.
3.6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
References
http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/
www.mathworks.com
Structural Dynamics, A.K Chopra.
Fundamental Concepts of Earthquake Engineering, Roberto Villaverde
Lecture notes on Earthquake Engineering by Chen Jianbing and Li Suzhen
32