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Accounting changes;
financial states;
adequacy of
information;
plan
OCAM/OHADA.
A B S T R A C T
It is since the 2000s that research to improve the quality of accounting
information in the financial states started to grow. It is precisely from January
1st, 2001 that the development of financial markets, the importance of
transparency of financial information disclosed, the consequences of
globalization have so changed the accounting in Central Africa, particularly
in terms of its size relating to financial reporting. "Accounting then became
more sophisticated with the development of modern business and
government" (vraert, 2000: 470). If the need for change in accounting is
recognized, the means to explain it are still unclear (Zambotto, 2000: 4). This
article seeks to examine the indicators to assess the adequacy of accounting
information to economic realities, decision making, and therefore the reasons
explaining any accounting changes. In the example of changing accounting
OCAM / OHADA, a comprehensive study of 10 cases, conducted in
Cameroonian companies highlighted the relevance of accounting information
produced and conveyed by these standards, in which some aggregates could
explain the appropriateness of accounting changes.
.
Introduction
Having highlighted the merits of a new
accounting system relative to the
boundaries of an old system, some
significant reasons can justify the perceived
improvements under the banner of the
reliability of accounting information
perceived in the financial states. While
External Environment
Accounting
system Change
Legal, cultural,
social and economic
factors
Appreciation of
the relevance of
accounting
information
AMELIORATIONS
Accounting principles
Conceptual framework
Financial state
OCAM
Going concern
Historic cost
Separation of accounting
periods
Permanence of methods
Prudence
Correspondence between
the balance sheet of
opening and the balance
sheet of fence
1
2
3
4
5
6
OHADA
Going concern
Historic cost
Separation or specialization of
accounting periods
Permanence of methods
Prudence
Intangibility of the balance sheet
(correspondence between the
balance sheet of opening and the
balance sheet of fence)
Significant
importance
(materiality threshold, materiality
considerations)
Transparency (clarity, regularity,
sincerity, objective sincerity, preeminence of the economic reality
on the appearance legal, good
information)
1
2
3
4
5
6
IASB
Going concern
Reasonable cost (fair value)
Specialization of accounting periods
Rattachement
Permanence of methods
Prudence
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Rapidit
Clarity
Reliability
Economic
reality
over
legal
appearance (Substance over form)
Relevance of information
Accrual accounting assumption
Neutrality
Turnover
SA
Area of
activity
Industrial
Special
scheme
Para public
Profit Before
taxation x
152 953 240
Profit After
taxation y
119 364 044
Fiscal
Result z
152 953 240
Legal state
Case n 1
Case n 2
SARL
Industrial
Private
Case n 3
Individual
Industrial
Private
-8 634 318
-2 386 163
Case n 4
SA
Industrial
Public
20 409 179
85 002 223
Case n 5
SA
Commercial
Private
3 171 984
1 895 544
5 498 753
Case n 6
51 181 375
Individual
Commercial
Private
2 283 150
1 289 857
2 970 991
Case n 7
70 472 106
SARL
Commercial
Private
2 965 991
1 824 466
2 970 991
Case n 8
15 058 262
SA
Services
Private
272 669
- 42 171
2 624 164
Case n 9
542 006
Individual
Services
Private
-894 901
- 900 863
-802 723
SARL
Services
Private
589 869
218 931
840 501
Case n 10
35 884 895
x: Profit before tax consists of income on ordinary activities and results out of the ordinary activities.
y: The profit after tax is the difference between accounting income for the year and the amount of tax.
z: The tax profit is that obtained after tax adjustments (Table No. 22 DSF).
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Degr rentabilit
(EBE / capital investi)
OHADA
Entreprises
industrielles
Cas 1
Cas 2
Cas 3
Cas 4
2,93 %
-6,37 %
-4,11 %
17,70 %
Secteurs
d activits
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Entreprises
commerciales
Cas 5
Cas 6
Cas 7
Secteurs
d activits
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Entreprises
de services
Cas 8
Cas 9
Cas 10
OCAM
3,01 %
-6,93 %
-4,11 %
13,70 %
Degr rentabilit
(EBE / capital
investi)
OHADA
OCAM
6,54 %
5,69 %
11,01%
6,54 %
5,69 %
11,01 %
OCAM
4,14 %
-24,31 %
6,72 %
Degr de rentabilit
conomique
(RE/capital investi)
OHADA
OCAM
OHADA
OCAM
2,29 %
-14,65 %
-14,43 %
-8,08 %
1%
-15,52 %
-14,62 %
-1,69 %
-39,23 %
13,61 %
4,30 %
36,14 %
-38,16 %
12,52 %
4,30 %
46,70 %
Degr de rentabilit
conomique
(RE/capital investi)
OHADA
6,41 %
4,01 %
6,25 %
OHADA
6,41 %
3,69 %
6,25 %
0
-5,75 %
0
5,88 %
48,32 %
66,76 %
0,48 %
ETE
OCAM
0
-5,75 %
0
10,92 %
39,21 %
14,47 %
ETE
OCAM
Degr de rentabilit
conomique
(RE/capital investi)
OHADA
OCAM
0,72 %
0,33 %
-79,88 %
-79,88 %
0,83 %
0,87 %
(Rsultat
net/capitaux
propres)
1 077 195
79 900
8 018 451
ETE
- 4 988 621
-805 495
1 477 819
Secteurs
d activits
Entreprises
industrielles
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Cas 1
Cas 2
Cas 3
Cas 4
Degr de contribution
(VA / Chiffre
d affaires)
Degr d intgration
(VA / Production de
l exercice)
OHADA
OCAM
17,75 %
-4,96 %
12,37 %
71,80 %
20 %
16,70 %
-5,08
-4,97 %
13,52 %
12,37 %
52,74 %
71,56 %
Seuil des ratios de 50 %
Cas
entreprises
tudies
OHADA
OCAM
18,83 %
-5,08 %
13,52 %
52,56 %
OHADA
OCAM
15,61 %
-16,30 %
-1,70 %
34,96 %
OHADA
16,05 %
16,59 %
-17,73 %
-16,25 %
-1,70 %
-1,70 %
27,06 %
34,96 %
Seuil des ratios : entre 10 % et 13 %
OCAM
17,05 %
-17,73 %
-1,70 %
27,15 %
Degr profitabilit
(EBE / chiffre d affaires)
OHADA
OCAM
OHADA OCAM
OHADA
OCAM
Cas 5
11,99 %
48,09 %
24,92 %
11,11 %
44,58 %
24,92 %
Entreprises
Cas 6
8,89 %
8,89 %
39,84 %
39,84 %
22,33 %
22,33 %
commerciales
Cas 7
10,53 %
47,08 %
22,36 %
22,36 %
10,53 %
47,08 %
Contribution la cration de richesse (rentabilit du commerce) du secteur d activit : 10,17 %
Ratio moyen Intgration dans l activit commerciale du secteur d activit : 43,83 %
Ratio moyen Profitabilit (marge commerciale) du secteur d activit : 23,20 %
Ratio moyen Rentabilit conomique du ngoce du secteur d activit : 8,43 %
Ratio moyen Performance (capacit) exploitation du ngoce du secteur d activit : 5,51 %
OHADA
OCAM
2,79 %
2,79 %
6,33 %
6,33 %
7,42 %
7,42 %
Seuil des ratios : entre 10
% et 13 %
Secteurs
d activits
Entreprises
de services
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Cas 8
Cas 9
Cas 10
Degr d'intgration
(VA / Marge
commerciale)
Degr de profitabilit
(EBE / chiffre d affaires)
Performance (Marge
Commerciale / CA)
Secteurs
d activits
Degr contribution
(VA / Chiffre
d affaires)
Degr performance
(EBE/production de
l exercice)
Degr de contribution
(VA / Chiffre d affaires)
OHADA
34,66 %
-104,69 %
17,07 %
Degr performance
Degr profitabilit
(EBE/production de
(EBE / chiffre
l exercice)
d affaires)
OHADA
OCAM
OHADA
OCAM
10,38 %
10,38 %
10,38 %
10,38 %
-137,89 %
-50,25 %
-137,89 %
-50,25 %
12,54 %
13,25 %
12,54 %
13,25 %
Seuil des ratios : entre 10 % et 13 %
Entreprises
industrielles
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Fonds de
Roulement
Cas 1
Cas 2
Cas 3
Cas 4
Secteur
d activit
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Fonds de
Roulement
Entreprises
commerciales
Cas 5
Cas 6
Cas 7
15 300 414
329 677
-1 732 250
Secteur
d activit
Cas
entreprises
tudies
Entreprises
de services
Cas 8
Cas 9
Cas 10
Ratio du Fonds de
Roulement
ETE
2,63 et 0,6194
273 789 019
0,1424 et -6,024
-84 910 966
0,06317 et -14,83
23 987 270
1,04 et 0,037
706 678 656
Seuils respectifs de 1,5 et 0,5
Mesure de solvabilit et de liquidit
Ratio du Fonds de Roulement
ETE
2,3427 et 0,5731
1,0056 et 0,0056
0,9157 et -0,0920
Seuils respectifs de 1,5 et 0,5
1 077 195
79 900
8 018 451
Trsorerie
Nette
-392 380 770
-84 649 444
1 080 496
607 955 208
Trsorerie Nette
16 220 715
1 896 694
1 059 055
ETE
Trsorerie Nette
10 084 050
- 6 348 730
- 1 818 600
- 4 988 621
-805 495
1 477 819
3 532 232
- 6 400 862
1 848 707
8,2899 et 0,8794
0,0089 et -111,12
0,7704 et -0,2981
Seuils respectifs de 1,5 et 0,5
10
been
possible.
At
the
theoretical
foundations, our results have confirmed the
validity of comparative and deep studies
conducted, advocating an approach of type
deep analysis of the relationship between
"accounting standards" for example
Chiapello (2005).
- At the nomenclature and structure of
accounts, relative to an older system, the
structure of the accounts in financial states
of the new system contributes to the
determination
of
aggregates
likely
significant enough to produce enough
relevant performance indicators. Thus, the
structure of the accounts in the financial
states of OHADA contributes to the
determination of the relevant aggregates
relative to the OCAM plan.
At the level of integration of legal aspect in
accounting practices, the legal framework
integrated by the new accounting system
compared to the old system has several
advantages because it allowed different
states to be inserted into the international
trade channels. In addition, the new
accounting principles established by the
OHADA system relative to the OCAM plan
contributed to the production of relevant
accounting information.
At the level of data and information
generated and conveyed, relative to the old
accounting system, those of the new system
are rooted in economic reality, more
comprehensive, easier to compare, better
reflecting the reality of companies by
information broadcast from the DSF, more
reliable and relevant enough. Aggregates
determined
by
OHADA accounting
standards
convey
more
appropriate
information on the realities of African
enterprises for decision making. Given that
aggregates are relevant depends on their
information, they explain why standard
IV. Conclusion
The idea on the assessment of the relevance
of information to economic realities
produced by financial states of the old
accounting system as one of the reasons for
its mutation by the new one is at least one
study conducted by comparative study to
this effect. Through this work, the
discussions about accounting changes under
the banner of indicators contributing to the
assessment of aggregates to improve
visibility through the financial states have
11
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