Enlightenment Three

English Civil War

1642
Parliament demands more respect
Cromwell leads Parliament in taking over country
Charles I beheaded
But Cromwell becomes dictator

New English Leaders

Charles II (Charles Is son) takes over

Gets along with Parliament
Charles II dies and brother James II takes over
James tries to push Catholic beliefs in Protestant

England
Parliament invites Protestants William (son-in-law of
James) and Mary of Orange to take over
James flees to France

English Bill of Rights

accept this

1689--before ruling, William and Mary had to

Based on Magna Carta which previous kings had not

honored
Parliament can now raise taxes and make laws
No cruel and unusual punishment

North American Colonists

Did not like laws and taxes imposed by England

First Continental Congress:

group formed to resist

England
Militiasarmies formed to fight British
April of 1775: Revolutionary War begins

Second Continental Congresssummer 1775

Declaration of Independence
1776--Led by Thomas Jefferson
All men are created equal
With certain unalienable (cant be taken away) rights
Such as life, liberty and pursuit of happiness
Like Rousseau, Declaration of Independence says can
change government if unhappy
United States of America is born

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. Constitution

Because of bad experiences with kings, no president

Weak central government
Articles doesnt work

Constitution
Constitution

James Madison leads the writing of this second

Includes Montesquieus three branches:
Legislative--makes laws
Executive--enforces laws
Judicial--interprets laws
Does not address rights of women or slaves

Men without land couldnt vote

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to Constitution

States wouldnt approve Const. unless Bill of Rights

included
I: Freedom of speech, press, religion, assemble,
petition
II: Right to bear arms (permit/follow laws)
III: No quartering of troops
IV: Search and seizures; warrant unless allow search
V: No self-incrimination and cant take away life,
liberty, property without due process
VI: Lawyer and jury in criminal cases
VII: Lawyer and jury in civil (suing) cases; libel and
slander
VIII: No cruel and unusual punishment
IX: These are not the only rights we have
X: Rights not given to federal government are given
to people and states

Magna Carta:

1215
Limits monarchs powers
Jury and property rights for people

English Bill of Rights

1689
No cruel and unusual punishment
Parliament has free speech rights

French Declaration of the

the people

1789--French government receives power from

Rights of Man and of the

Strengthened individual rights and equality

Citizen