BIOMECHANICAL RECLINER STANDING BED

JESSICA LEE PEI CHEN (B14KM0016)

KAMARINA AQILA BINTI KAMARUZAHA (B14KM0017)
FAHMI HAREZ BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI (B14KM0012)
MOHD ORYZA BIN MOHD MOKHTAR (B14KM0031)
MUHAMAD SYAHMI BIN SULAIMAN (A12KM0083)

A Design Review Report Submitted in

Fulfilment of the Requirements for
SKMM 4533 (4) - System Design

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

SEPTEMBER 2016

LECTURER: DR. AFANDI BIN DZAKARIA

INTRODUCTION

Rehabilitation services are fundamental in enhancing patients functional independence

and play an integral role in patient flow across the health care continuum. The provision of
effective rehabilitation services requires a diverse range of health professionals and services.
Rehabilitation clients require different levels of care at different points in their rehabilitation
process. In Johor, Hospital Sultan Ismail (HSI) is widely recognized for its excellence
rehabilitation services provided by their highly competent staffs. HIS is located at Jalan Persiaran
Mutiara Emas Utama, Taman Mount Austin, Johor Bahru. The rehabilitation center of this
hospital was launched on 19th of June 2009. HSI provided five rehabilitation specialist services
under this rehabilitation center. The services include spinal, neuro, amputation, pediatric and
oncology rehabilitation. For this System Design subject, our team are required to observe and do
a research on the existing rehabilitation bed then design and develop an improved model of the
foldable rehabilitation bed. The whole concept for this project is Imitate but Better .This bed
must be able to support the patient to be in sitting and standing position during the rehabilitation
period. It is extremely important for the patient to be able to be in sitting and standing position
during the rehabilitation period to stimulate blood circulation and tone the cardiovascular system.
Besides that, renal function can be aided by standing, and standing has been shown to decrease
the incidence of urinary tract infections. Apart from that, standing can also help to relieve
pressure from sensitive weight bearing areas of the pelvis and thus may assist in preventing
pressure sores.

DESIGN NEEDS (FUNCTION)

1) Snooze mode
a) Enable patients to adjust the device into fully laying down position. This position is
suitable for sleeping.
b) The fully laying down position able will make all nerve and spinal cord of the
patients to rest in straight.
c) Immune system relies on sleep to stay health. By having a perfect position, the
patients will heal faster. Ongoing sleep deficiency is linked to an increased risk of
heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and stroke.
2) Boarding mode
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

This function enables the device to change into sitting position.

The elevation can also adjustable according to patients comfortability.
Importance for eating, watching TV, chatting with people and physiotherapy activity.
Laying down for a long time will give harmful effect to the body.
Laying down too long may put unnecessary stress on the spine, which constricts the
blood vessels and nerves, changes the anatomical characteristics of spine, and

increases the development of a number of disc and joint problems.

f) Changing position into sitting will keeps the spine balanced, decreases strain on
muscles and ligaments, and reduces the risk of back and neck pain.
3) Take-off mode
a) This function enables the device switch the inclination of the patients body into
standing up position.
b) This mode help patients reduce the usage of their effort to stand up and walk.

c) Some people may have sitting disease or more accurately, metabolic syndrome, is a
condition where the Lipoprotein Lipase enzymes in the blood vessels essentially go to
sleeps after 60 90 minutes of inactivity.
d) This will cause them to have difficulty to stand up and walk.
e) Therefore, this device able to give support to the patients body up to 822, where the
suitable inclination for the patients to easily stand up and walk.

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

These are the problems that had been identified:

i.

The existing products do not fit very well to the user because of different weight.
Sometimes the user has lower weight and sometimes the user has obesity. Thus, it can
make user not very comfortable when used the product for a lengthy time.

ii.

In order to find the ideal product, user needs to do the adjustment to meet his/her
need. However, adjustability requires brackets, bolts and screws. Thus, adjustability
results in added weight and loss of efficiency. Besides that, the extra parts add several
pounds of weight.

iii.

Therefore, it can lead to very heavy frames. Usually, the rehabilitation bed can
accommodate person whose weight may exceed 400 pounds. As a consequence, these
rehabilitation beds must be wide enough to accommodate the obese person. Because
of the width, these rehabilitation beds are difficult to lift and transport from one room
to another.

iv.

The heavy rehabilitation bed needs to disassemble into separate section before
moving it to another room. This disassembly and assembly process is very difficult
and time consuming process. The process often requires two people to align the
separate sections of the bed so that they can properly be assembled.

v.

The existing product can cause skin breakdown when user try to make some
movement. When the backseat is moved from upright to recline position, the gravity
try to push users bottom towards the seat, thus, it causes a shearing action. The
shearing action is not very comfortable and worse scenario it can cause skin
breakdown and pressure sores. Unfortunately, when user tries to move the backseat

back from recline position to upright position, the shearing pressure is not reduced but
it getting worse. This is because the act of moving often tries to push the user out of
the seat even further unless user is repositioned or the backseat is slippery enough for
users torso to slide on it as user is being raised.
vi.

Sitting at 90 is very uncomfortable for many people usually to the old people. This is
because the lower back area of the spine naturally has a slight inward curve.

vii.

The rapid speed of incline and recline the seat can cause the health problem to some
people particularly older people. It can lead to the blood pressure drop excessively,
therefore, can cause faintness, light-headedness, dizziness, confusion, or blurred
vision occur within seconds to a few minutes.

viii.

The comfortability of safety belt while change the bed position of patient from a
sitting to standing position giving a firm and harsh grip to patient. It can cause the
pressure sores. Sometimes the unstable belting can cause the patient to slide
downward when the bed is in standing position.

DESIGN FORENSIC

1) Permobil: F5 Corpus VS

Come in many different kind of colors with combination of all of the

features of the world-renown Corpus seating system, along with standing
functionality. Users may stand and drive at any point of the stand sequence, and
the redesigned chest bar offers added comfort and stability. There are adjustable
backrest angles and articulating power footplates, 17.5 Seat-To-Floor Height,
full 50 posterior tilt, and intelligent design knee blocks & anti-tippers that can
hold a maximum weight user at 136 kg and travel at a maximum speed of
12km/hr. It come with a f5 power base set up for multiple power seat function,
four-wheel independent suspension system, ESP (electronic steering
performance), tie-down hardware for strap systems, charger, flat free or
pneumatic tires and a standard positioning belt. The F5 Corpus VS provides an
array of benefits from social interactions like being able to talk to someone faceto-face to positive health outcomes like greater pressure relief and improved
circulatory, GI and respiratory systems but its extremely expensive and cant be
affordable for normal average income users.

2) Nexus Standing Bed

The standing bed from Nexus is a specialist cantilever-style bed for use in critical,
acute and trauma care, especially with spinal injuries. It combines the bed and tilting
table into one clever single unit, removing the need to purchase both. It can also be used
as a chair bed. Its easy to use with 3 or 4 section mattress support, electrically adjusted
height from nominal 41cm to 80cm, adjusted back rest adjusted leg-lift - fixed or with
knee- break, attractive beech-finish timberwork and removable footplate. Some of its
safety elements include a 4 braked castors emergency lowering facility retaining straps,
metal 'lift & lock' side rails smooth cantilever option, master key-switch control, mains
electricity safety connector, actuators & controllers ingress protected to IP54, securely
fixed spiral wound cables and safe working load 260kg. Its a pretty convenient bed as it
is designed with a powder-coated steel construction for durability & ease of cleaning,
timber slatted mattress support for added comfort and a standard bed size 200 x 90 cm.
These are nominal inside dimensions. Mattress dimensions are less than this to allow
clearance for moving parts of the bed.

3) Invacare Full-Electric 5410ivc

Head, foot, and bed height are

fully motorized and adjustable
with hand pendant. All positions
are controlled electronically for
patient/caretaker ease and
convenience. The ergonomic
hand pendant lets the user
control all functions and it
controls the positioning of the
upper body and/or knees. It
comes with a heavy duty,
waterproof cord and adjusts the
bed frame for height adjustments to facilitate safe transfers and efficient use of
accessories. The easy to set up full electric hospital bed offers long-term savings with
durable and washable materials reducing repair and cleaning costs. It also allows
interchangeable parts and the low voltage motor provides a quiet and more efficient
system. High impact bed end panels are more durable, impact and scratch resistant and
washable for easy cleaning. The bed accommodates 450 lbs. and its height is 21" - 29"
from top of mattress to floor. A manual crank is also provided in case of an electrical
failure. This adjustable hospital bed is maintenance-free and designed for patient comfort.
All positions are controlled electrically to provide greatest convenience for the patient
and ease to the caregiver. The hand pendant controls the positioning of the upper body
and or knees, and can be placed anywhere for maximum patient comfort. The pendant
control also adjusts bed-frame height for efficient use of accessories and for safe and easy
transfer. Some other features also include single motor design operates all bed functions,
reinforced headspring provides maximum bed strength and support, easy-release motor
mounts allow quick motor removal, durable casters increase mobility and provide secure
locking, reinforced corner-plates prevent bending, quiet motor operation and fast cycle
time on lowering height of bed for efficient bed set-up, synchronization, split-spring
design, and interchangeability ensure easy use, setup, and operation, robotically welded

steel frame construction and a pinch-free design ensures safety for patients and
caregivers.

SUMMARY

Rehabilitation bed is a product that can support disable people during the recovery
period. This product can help patient from lay position to sit position or stand position. For
medical purpose, patients cannot lay on the bed all day long. It can prevent them from faster
recovery. This rehabilitation bed also helps hospital staff to ease them in managing the patient.

The problems that had been identified from the existing product are not achieving
customer satisfaction and needs. The customers want to feel confident and safe when using the
bed so that the bed can ensure them more safety. This is the reason why customers would not
choose something that can bring them any harm. The product also needs to be flexible because
people come in different size and weight. Therefore, it will affect the width and weight of the
product. In fact, the assembly process gives difficulty to user and consumes much time.
Furthermore, the comfortability of the user is one of the existing product problems especially
with the fabric of bed. It can cause the patients skin breakdown and the safety belt sometime
give pressure sore because of the firm and harsh grip. The angle of sitting 90 2 and the speed
incline and decline of the product cause the patient very uncomfortable and worst can bring some
injury.

Thus, biomechanical multi recliner standing bed will be solving as many as the problems
from the existing products. We might improvise the rehabilitation bed in safety, ergonomic,
hygienic and user- friendly aspects. So, with these aspects, this product will achieve the
customers need.

REFERENCES

1. (2011, June 7). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from

http://www.articlesfactory.com/articles/health/the-pros-and-cons-of-the-different-typesof-manual-wheelchairs.html
2. (2015, November 17). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from
http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/sitting-up-straight-is-bad-the-right-way-to-sit-at-a-desk/
3. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heartand-blood-vessel-disorders/symptoms-of-heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/dizziness-orlight-headedness-when-standing-up
4. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from https://mobilitybasics.ca/wheelchairs/recline
5. (2013, January 11). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from
http://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2013/01/11/proper-sitting.aspx
6. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.ric.org/research/research-centers-programs/teamm-rerc/manual-stand-up-wheelchair/#Resources-&-Statistics
7. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.permobilus.com/f5vs.php
8. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.nexusdms.co.uk/professionalcare-products/adjustable-bed-standingbed
9. (n.d.). Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.invacare.com/cgibin/imhqprd/inv_catalog/prod_cat_detail.jsp?s=0&prodID=5410IVC&catOID=536885216