ANSWER SCHEME BIO PAPER 2 PAT F5 2016

SECTION A (60 MARKS)

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a) i) Chloroplast
ii) Carry out photosynthesis
b) i) - Plasma membrane.
- Thin and semi-permeable
ii) - semi permeable which allow certain molecules to pass through
- Depends on the size and polarity of the molecules
c) -Sugar solution is hypertonic to the cell sap of food cells.
- Water molecules diffuse out of the cell by osmosis cause the cell to lose water.
- Microorganisms cannot grow
d) i) Hypotonic solution
ii) Hypertonic solution
e) - The plant will become wilted
- The manure cause the soil to become hypertonic to the plant cell sap
- Water molecules will diffuse out of the plant cell by osmosis
- Cells lose water and become flaccid.
- No support for the plant.
a) i) Cell Y
ii) Synapsis and crossing over occur
b)

c)
MITOSIS
Mitosis occurs in all somatic cells
Mitosis produces new somatic cells
Pairing of homologous chromosomes does
not occur
Crossing over between non-sister
chromatids does not occur during
prophase

MEIOSIS
Meiosis occurs in reproductive organs
Meiosis produces gametes
Homologous chromosomes pair up
(synapsis) to form tetrads
Crossing over between non-sister
chromatids occurs during prophase 1

d) i) Increase cell number for growth/ increase plant length

ii) is used in tissue culture to produce many new plants at a very fast rate.
e) - Insect reproductive organ will produce haploid gametes during meiosis.
- During fertilization, the nucleus of the male gamete n fused with the nucleus of the
female gamete n
- to form a diploid zygote 2n.
a) Hydrolysis
Water molecules break the bond in sucrose and convert sucrose into glucose and
fructose
b) i) mouth
ii) small intestine
c) - When a short supply of glucose and glycogen occurs, the liver converts amino acids
into glucose
- Excess amino acid cannot be stored, so amino acids is broken down in the liver

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through process of deamination

- During deamination, urea is produced and transported to the kidney to be excreted
- Glucose in the liver is used for respiration
d) - The optimum pH is for the digestion of starch in duodenum in between 7 to 8
- low pH of orange juice cause acidic condition
- slow down the digestion of starch
e) i) Eat low carbohydrate meals
ii) To synthesize protein since insulin is a protein
iii) - Since insulin is a protein produce in the pancreas
- It can be digested by protease
a) i) Air/ Soil
ii) Primary consumer/ secondary consumer
b) Oil palm tree
Snails/ mouse
Fungi
c) oil palm tree --- mouse---snake---owl
d) i) Mouse population will increase
ii) Fewer predators preying on the mouse
e) 200 kJ
a) - The diameter of the arteriole is bigger than the blood capillary cause a high
hydrostatic pressure
- Hydrostatic pressure and thin blood vessel cause blood plasma to be filtered to the
spaces between the cell through filtration
- Process occur through facilitated diffusion
- Most of the blood plasma except for erythrocytes, leucocytes and plasma protein are
not filtered out
to the spaces between the cells.
- The fluid is name as the interstitial fluid
b) C6H1206 + 6O2 ---- 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2898kJ
c) - Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide which competes with oxygen molecules
to bind with haemoglobin.
- less oxygen is available for the respiring cells and runner will experience a shortness
of breath.
d) oedema/ swollen of foot
- the lymph fluid cannot be return back to the blood circulatory system
e) easy exposed to disease
- do not have the body defense mechanism because no antibodies
- body dont have the immunisation

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