Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ROADS
CONGRESS
<<
N~WDELI-H
1966
Ii
P1
I
I
LIGHT AND
m~rnum
STRUCTURAt
FABRICATIt.. I!
P4
til
L
Enquiries to
P1
STRUCTURAl. DEPARTMEN r
P1
P1
P1
~1hH~H~TLll1
BIfflfl
P4
P1
,j1$DC.4
<<
(ii)
P1
SL-IALIMAR TAR
tidqe S3uiede~
~?teca~t e~t~te~,oed
&rncte(e
CURRENTLY COMPLETING THE LAST OF 6 BRIDGES
IN PURNEA OVER N. H. 34.
LAST YEAR COMPLETED TALLAH & MAJHERAT BRIDGES
IN CALCUTTA BOTH 9 MONTHS AHEAD OF SCHEDULE
UI
<<
December 1965
BRIDGE LOADINGS
ROUND THE WORLD
(2)
Austria
(5) Finland
(6) Germany (Federal Republic~
(7)
Great Britain
(8)
india
(9)
Italy
(10) Japan
(11)
Malaysia
Norway
(15) Philippines
(16)
Rhodesia
(17)
Sweden
(18)
SwitzerlanJ
(19)
Turkey
The ensuing Tables have been prepared from the information received.
The Indian Roads Congress is very grateful to the above mentioned countries
for the information supplied.
95
<<
Decen.~.~j
965
Transport-Communicationa ..~..
QUESTIONS
I. LOADINGS
(i) Design train loading
truck loading or any
special loading fir
each category of
roads.
(h)
3.
Central lint of
tire bridge
AM1~I(1LA
(U.S. Bureau of Public
Roads)
Bridge Classes
Article 1.2.5*
Total weight
(i) Truck loading and
lane loading H 10-44,
I-[l5-44~, H20-44,
(a) Truck
I115-S12-44, H20-S16Fore wheel
44
and Military
Back wheel
loading, (See Figs. 1,
Equivalent
2, 3 & 4 in Plate I).
weight
Two lanes
(ti)
(iii)
tonnes
tonnes
25
tonneslm
4
85
2 l67
16
16
25
25
5.5
5.5
107
Article I 2.b~
(a)
(b)
Bridge Class I
The calculation has to be executed for
(A) on 2 adjoining lanes, I truck of 25 t each. On every
other of the following lanes, I truck of 16 t. The
rest of roadway and footpath to be covered with uniformly distributed load of 0S t per metre.
(B) For a caterpillar of 60 tonnes only, aho see 2(b) above,
~\rticlcs referred to relate to the A.A.S. H,O. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1961).
<<
107
S 12-44.
Caterpillar
For Inter-state highload
tonnes/m2
1714
AUSTRIA
96
December 1965
FINLAND
CANADA
LANE LOAD
TORONTO
Truck loading is based on the H20S 16-44 or the heavier H25.S20 loading in the A.A.S.H.O. Standard
Specifications for Highway Bridges
(1961).
ONTARIO
11
All H20-S16-44
,.
4~ 51
r:i
iTf
S
10
13C10W
~!41D4~
TT1~~T~
ii
ito~
__ni ____!L~~
4_
J,~..,
.-l,.~
TORONTO
(a)
(b)
i4atflW
With Impact
tIM
Without Impact
ONTARIO
bIt
4,
Article l.2.6.
TORONTO
(i)
2 train loads.
(ii)
cent
<<
91
Dei~rmber1965
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
GREAT BRITAIN
Bridges carrying public roads are designed for HA loading (British Standard
153-Part 3-Section Asee Fig, 8 in Plate II
consisting of a uniformiy distributed load
plus a single knife edge load. The U.D.
load varies with the span but between 20
and 75 ft it is constant at 2200 lb per linear
foot of 10 ft wide lane. The knife edge
load is placed parallel to the supports of the
meniber under consideration and has a
value of 27,000 lb for a lOft wide lane.
:5
~:,
O3S/p,,2~ ~
(i)
550
50
70.tt/m t,
55
UNIT
(a)
(b)
2 for
Outside the carriageway, uniformly
bridges of class
distributed
load60ofand
03 t30.per m
to;~-
(a)
<<
-H.S LoADING
ASLE LOAD
1 TON
.-M.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
98
December 1965
ITALY
INDIA
Clauses 201* and 207*
No details given.
No details given
*Clauses referred to relate to the Indian Roads Congress Standard Specifications & Code
of Practice fur Road Bridges-Sections I & I1(I964~,
<<
December 1965
JAPAN
MALAYSIA
UDL
LII
II
i~LII
F~L
o~W
O4w 1
15.75 fl~
~O4w
T-- LOADING
LLOADING
Tloading for design of floor system
Class of bridge
Load
Weight W(t)
1st
T-20
20
2nd
T-l4
14
Load
Other
lanes
Main-lane loading
(width of SS ni)
Live load U.D.L. 21
P.(kg/m.) P. (ke./m
k~80m150>1>
80m
1st
2nd
L-20
~.
L-14
5000
1 of
350 43Ol~300 main
loading
(a)
Nil.
(b)
Nil.
B.S. 153-Part 3A
1954Clause 4-A
(a), (b) and (c).
(i) Occupied by full
type HA loading.
(ii) Occupied by full
type HA loading.
(iii) Ts~olanes occupied
by full type HA
loading and one
lane occupied by
one-third the full
lane loading.
<<
100
fransport-~ommunicatknst4onth~yRevkw
NEW SOUTH WALES
Clauses 2.5* and 27*
(i) Truck loading and lane
loading Hl0-44, H15-44,
H 20.44 and H15-S12-44
and F120-S16-44.
Minimum loading:
(a) Metropolitan bridges H20S 16-44.
(b) Bridges on Main rosds and
Highways: F120-Sl644.
(c) Other bridges
Through roadsH20Sl6-44 unless H15-S1244 is considered desira(ii) No able.
successive
Other than Through
Roads (such as those
serving small group of
settlers) lower classes of
loading, if desirable.
December l96~
NEW ZEALAND
~:t~ ~
0.5
0(5185
VLUICI.E
trains or
loads.
Clause 2.6*
(a) For deck slab design (con- Based on A.A.S.H.O. Standard
crete, steel grid or timber HS Truck Disposition.
deck), the distance of the
wheel to the kerb face may
be only 1 ft see Figs. 1, 2
See Fig. 3 in Plate I.
and 3 in Plate I.
(b) No particular lateral disposition.
Clause 2.9*
<<
101
December i96~
L~
A .~=l2+Bx/L tons
(Class I & II)
5 +
Class I: pO
Class II : p0354,
tonnes per linear metre of lane.
Impact included in A and p.
L~..actual loaded length of
lane,
Class I and II mainly refer
to lane widths for two lane
bridges usually used for roadway widths more or less than
65 metre respectively.
PHILIPPINES
RHODESIA
See
Fig.
8
in
Plate II for
HA
loading.
For FIB
loading, see sketch
under Great Britain,
p. 98.
All in accordance
with B.S. l53/1954Part 3Section A.
sam..
~.H
The above lane loadings are Similar to A.A.S.H.O. Article
1.2.4.
normally considered uniformly
distributed over lane widths Figs. I and 3 in Plate I.
from 30 to 375
metre.
Besides, the structure is designed for a local loading of
two axles tsl each 18 t (13 t allowable+5 t impact)
with lateral position shown in the sketch below
Furt.Fserrnore, the structure is controlled for ~__
one up to 30 metre long metre~ 1,8 09 5 a
0,5 ~~55.
Class II lane load laterally distributed as the above two right wheel loads
(or a corresponding other position, if more unfavourable).
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
-do-
(i)
(ii) As above.
The full equivalent load- (iii) Three each way (load in- (iii) N/A.
ing in two lanes, 50 per
tensity reduced to 90 per
cent in the third lane.
cent)
(iv) Three lanes. Full
HA loading in
two adjacent lanes;
1/3 HA in the
third lane.
<<
102
December ~96S
SWITZERL,~tND
(I) Main roads
Distributed load
of2360
and kg
one per
axle
m
load
of 15
for each lane.
Secondary roads
The same with
240 kg per mt
and lOt.
(ii) Instead of distributed loading
with one axle
load, all parts
should
be
checked also
for the following train load:
TURKEY
~LEJ ~
-4
P
1
(tI
Pl
(t)
)~
(t)
51
Provincial
Roads Hl5S12
l5
38
Village Roads
HlO
25
,,
(~
(i~Not more as
two lanes are
loaded
with
axle or train
loads.
(ii) & (iii) Not
more as two
lanes eachway
have to l)e ba(led with axle
or train loads.
<<
103
(cm)
State Roads
H20-Sl6
December 196S
AMERICA
U.S. Bureau of Public
Roads)
Article 1.2.14*
Wind pressure at the
late of 1>10 lb per linear ft
on moving live load acting
at 6 ft above deck. This
is to be taken only for
group loading combination as explained in Article
1,4.1*.
AUSTRIA
CANADA
TORONTO
A simplified procedure is
used for spans 125 ft and
under.
100 lb per linear ft trailsversely.
40 lb per linear ft
tudinally.
longi-
5.
( or>erete
bri>I~es
Article 1,2.12*
Impact fraction
50
L+125
impact fttctor
30 per cent)
(maximum
TORONTO
Impact Factor
(i) Concrete bridges
L=span of the structural part (metre)
0 10 30 50 70
i) C~ncrete bridges30
per Cent
Platform girder,
direct loaded
mairs girder
L=length in ft of the
portion of the span which
is loaded to Produce the
maximum stress in the
mtmber,
This is applicable only for
structural members of
group (A).
(ii) Stccl bridges
Land
1.07
1,05
1.04
1.05
Lane II
1.03
1.02
1.02
ONTARIO
Article l,2,l2.*
<<
*Articles referred to relate to the A.A,S.H.O. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1961).
104
FINLAND
Height 2 m for the
length of loading.
For
bridges without
2
lpad250 kg/rn
For bridges under
construction 125 kg/rn2
For bridges with load
125 kg/rn2
For pedestrian & cycle
bridges 75 kg/rn2
December 196
GREAT BRITAIN
A plane with a continuous
height of 8 ft above the
carriageway for highway
bridges or 4 ft above
the footway for footbridges. Allowance may
be made tor the screening
effect of the structure on
the plane, based on pro
jected areas.
bridges
Impact Factor
p=P40008x lp)l.O
Ip~=governinglength in
metres
See D,I.N. 1073, 1074,
1075 and 1078 for the
determination of the
value of lp).
<<
105
HA loading incorporates
an impact factor of 25 per
cent on the heaviest axle
in the train of vehicles
from which HA loading is
derived. It is constant fo
1all forms ofconstruction.
December 1965
ITALY
A wind pressure of 250 kg per sq. m. ofexposed surface shall be taken as acting on the structure when the bridge is unloaded.
Clause 211*
(i) (a) Class
A or B
loading Impact fraction
15
<<
JAPAN
December 1965
Exposed to wind
L~.~
MALAYSIA
53-Part 3A
B,S, l
1934
25
25 per cent
per cent
::
20
for floor system.
(L=span in metres)
(ii) Steel bridges
20
m-~t
(iii) Prestressed
concrete
bridges same as for
concrete bridges.
<<
107
25 per cent
Deternbc~1965
NEW ZEALAND~
PHILIIPINES
NORWAY
Wind loads as
per A.A.S.H.O.
Specifications
for longitudinal
elevation.
See Fig. 3 in
Plate I and
sketch in Q. 1,
p. 101.
Normally no
wind pressure is
constoered on
loaded bridge.
Impact factor
not dependent
on bridge type.
Impact factor
in use
Lf
-~
Clause 213*
(a) Inspact=lO per cent
for steel or concrete
substructure above
the foundations but
not rigidly connected
to the superstructure
and structures carrying 1)1 to 3 ft of fill.
(h) Steel or concrete
superstructures and
those parts of steel
or concrete substructure above the foundations which are
rigidly connected to
the superstructure as
in the rigid frames
or continuous designs
amid structures carrying less than l~ft of
fill. The
impact
shall be
5000
percent
(max. 30 per Cent)
(nun.
<<
10 per cent)
50
l2~
>~100 per
cent
~L+
SWEDEN
The wind pressure area
of
traffic load shall
supposed to be
a rectangle 2
metre
higher
from the deck
and
length
equal to loaded
length.
DecemDe~ 1965
SWITZERLAND
For road bridges,
3 metre high band
is assumed.
TURKEY
Effective wind pressure is calculated as
follows
(a) for unloaded bridge:
IS times the height
of the full area of the
bridge deck including
the hand-rails,
2, Load
250 kg pnr m
(b) for loaded bridges:
height of the area
of the bridge deck
elevation+2~0m for
live load.
Wind load 125
per in2.
(i) &
+L
Impact=5x 100
10+L
where
L is the length of
span in in.
Whe~iwheel is
in contact with
railing or another limitation
(kerb, etc.) of
the roadway, no
impact
allowarice has to be
considered.
15
where
L=span length in
metres.
=1~3
No impact for
single
truck
loading.
eei ua
075
~= 1 ~
cycles/sec.
where
E is totings i.lodu
Ins for the siipeistrtic
ture in lb pie sq. iii,,
1 moment of inertia of supcrsttiicture
(in.l.
w=BX1004weight of supersttuc
tore iii lb/ft run.
11 = breadth of Super
StIUCLUt C,
L =span o fsuperstruc
tore in feet.
<<
109
kg
(N ~ESTIONS
6.
Crouiid
Area
Contact
December 1965
AMJ~K1CA
(U.S. Bureau of Public
Roads) _______
Article 1.2.6 and 1.3.2 (e)
As per Figs. I and 3 in
7.
Lquis air-mit
UI)!,
or krufe edge loading, if adopted for
working out
Plate I.
For further details,
Article 1.3.2 (c).
see
AUSTRIA
CANADA
TORONTO
a load distributing
layer,
concentrated
loads may be dispersed
under an angle of 45
degrees. rhe dispersion
may l:e extended to
the centroidal axis of
tile considered structural part only,
ONTARIO
Article 1.3.2*
TORONTO
(i)
(ii Shear.
30
of
,\rtichi2 1,2,13*
5 per ccitt of i~.
i.. without imupact in all lanes
carrying traffic headed
in the same direction
acting at 6 ft above deck.
The load shall be laneload plus knife edge load
without impact
and
reduction as per Q. 3
applied. Longitudinal
forces due to friction of
beams shall also he provicled for in the design.
of the weight
the heaviest vehicle
per cent
caterpillars
excluded
).
TORONTO
5 per cent
ONTAR 10
Article 1,2.13*
*Articles referred to relate to the A.AS,H.O. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1961).
<<
110
FINLAND
December 1965
GREAT BRITAIN
7SZ-
/
,.
/)4s~
\
I-
See
Q.
20 per cent
SeeQ. I.
<<
111
becernber 198S
INDIA
Clauses 207 and 207.2*
See Figs. 9, 10 and 11 in
Plate III, for shape of contact areas. For one way slab
dispersion~effecLive width
measured parallel to the
supported edges
e=kx (I~ .~-.)+Wand
e=l2xfW for cantilever.
Effective
dispersed
length
of slab (in
the direction of span)=
dimtscnsion of tyre contact
area in the direction of
span+twice the. thickness
of slab and wearing coat.
For two way slabs, dispersion as per rational
mete thed.
Nil
Clause 214.2*
20 per cent of the first
train load plus 10 per
cent of the loads of succeeding trains or part
thereof, the train loads
in one lane only being
considered for this purpose. When only part
of the first train is on
the full span, the braking force shall be only
20 per cent of portion
of load on the span.
(b) For bridges having more
than two lanes as in (a)
above for the first two
lanes plus 5 per cent of
the loads on the lanes in
excess of two. (Effect
of impact is riot taken
into consideration).
<<
12
becember 1965
JAPAN
Front Wheel
MALAYSIA
Iis
~t
Cod
Cm
B S. 153
Part 3A : 1951
Rear Wheel
For bridges
with span length
less than 150 m,
it is not adopted.
For ionger spans,
equivalent U.D.L
may be specified.
1954
Clause 10
Span upto 10 ft=lO Tons
10
per
cent of T loading.
<<
113
becember l96~
& 3 in
Contact width
of
each rear tyre equals 1
inch per every 2000 lb
of total weight of loaded
truck.
Clause 25*
See Fig. 2 in Plate I
Worked out bending
moment and shear for
various spans is given in
Appendix A (pages 172183) of NAASRA Highway Bridge
Design
Specifications (1965).
Clause 2.11*
Tue shape of
contact area as
per A.A.S.II0.
1120-S 16-41
loading,
NORWAY
PHILIPPINES
Distribution
according to the
A.A.S.H.O.
Specification
based on Westergaard method,
Similar to A.A.S.
11.0. Bridge Specifications (1961).
Fig. 2 in Plate I.
/
L
I,~x=-~
S~ far biaking
force of 8 t for
lane lengths upto
5 m increasing to
12 t for 25 m
length or more has
been adopted. At
present the question of increasing
braking forces is
being considered.
<<
114
December
WEDVKT
SW1TZERLAND
1965
TURKEY
Main reinforcement perpendicular to
traffic
Iv.
(i) N/A
(ii) N/A
Q(t)
Moment shear
9.00
13.00
6.75
9.75
4.50
6.50
<<
115
Cecember 1965
LTUCA
(U.S. Bureau of Public
Roads)
AUSTRIA
Article 1,2.19*
No special standards.
TORONTO
Equivalent to an additional
2 ft of backfill.
ONTARIO
10, Footpath
loading
(state) mm. width of
footpath acceptable.
CANADA
ft surcharge without
agproach slab.
None if approach slab is
used.
No minimum width of
footpath.
(i) 85 lb per sq. ft. for
slab, stringers and immediate supports.
TORONTO
Normal use-IGO lb per sq. ft.
Bridge Class I
=O5t permc
Bridge Class II
=O4t per m
Nil
Nil
025 ft span
115 lb sq. ft.
26lOU ft span
00 lb/sb. ft.
Over 100 ft span,
I)
~[~+~~9][55-W]
where
P=I.L. per sq. ft. (max.
60 lb per sq. ft.)
Lloaded
length of
side-walk in feet.
W=width of side-walk
in ft
Not definite.
ONTARIO
Article 1.2.11*
*Articles referred to relate to the A A,S.H.O. Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges (1961).
<<
116
December 1965
q in kg pcr
1~tt
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF
GERMANY
GREAT BRITAIN
Earth
surcharge and
earth pressure are determined from the characteristic value of the soil at
site.
Fin kg
The traffic load considereci in the design of
bridge should be placed at
the unfavourable positions.
P in kg per In
Q.
I,
80 lb per sq. ft.; minimum
ssidth normally accepted is
6 ft.
Minimum width=l5 m
2
(i) 400 kg per m
(ii) 05500~005L
per m2
> 04
L=span in metre
(iii)
No
<<
117
December 1965
iNDIA
No details given.
Clause 217*
(a) When adequately designed R.C.G. approach
slab covering the entire
width of roadway, with
one end mesting on the
abutment, and extending for a length of not
lets than 12 ft into the
approach is provided,
no live load surcharge
need be taken,
(b) Otherwise surcharge load
should be taken as per
Table l-p. 130.
Clause 209*
5 ft minimum width.
The peak crowd load
(i) Normal 58 lb per sq. ft.
In case of bridges located near Io\vn of pilgrimage or large congregational fairs, 100
lb per sq. ft.
(ii) The main girders, trusses, arches or other
members
supporting
the footways shall be
designed for the following live loads per sq.
ft. of footway area.
(a) for effective spans
of 25 ft or less85
lb or 100 lb as the
case may be
t per m
(L25)
~
L/\50
where P=85 lb/sq. ft.
or 100 lb/sq. ft. as the
case may be, P=L.L.
in lb per sq. ft; L=Eff.
span of main girder,
truss or arch in ft W=
width of footway in
feet.
<<
118
Specilicatiosis
and Code
MALAYSIA
2 ft surcharge of earth is
assumed
in
abutment
design.
1954
Clause 2.128
5 ft minimum width
(ii) No
standard
uniformly
distributed loads given
in type HA loading
multiplied by a reduction factor of 80/2200.
Span
,,
(iii) No
<<
025ft801b
26100 ft60 lb
Over 100 ft4Olb
(iii) A wheel load of 4 Tons, (iii) An isolated concentrated extra load of 4,000
distributed over a conlb
tactarea of 12 in. in
diameter.
The working stress
shall be increased by
25 per cent to meet
this provision.
119
NORWAY
Usually a surcharge of
2 t~per sq. metre has
been considered for abutmen~ design. A differentiatiOn between low and
high.abutments ought to be
intrOduced,
Minimum
width 4 ft
(ii) No
(i) Contemporary
footpath loading and local
load accordinR2 to
Q. 2
footpath.
200 kg per m
(ii) Contemporary
footpath loading and equivalent loading according to Q. 1:
Oi~P per sq. metre
foot-path and not more
than 200 kg per m2,
*~crnaer1865
~PHILTPPTNES
2 ft L,L surcharge to be
added to earth pressure.
clear,
(i) B5lbperaq,ft.
3000~((55W)
50
W~=width of side-walk.
(iii) No allowance
<<
120
Deembe* 1965
SWEDEN
SWITZERLAND
t each lane
ni For more
of l5
3 mt per
width.
than 2 lanes, the surcharge
be reduced in the
Calculations of forces on may
proportion as the
structures, page 16 et. scq. same
loading, i.e. for more ihan
C ivil Engineering Code of two lanes, only 50 per cent
Practice No. 2 (195l)Earth extra lanes is to be added.
Retaining
Structures
surcharge may be
issued by the institution of This
considered uniformly disStructural Engineers,
tributed over the width of
London.
abutment.
See clause 14
B S. 153/195-k Part 3
2 tonnes per m2
TURKEY
080 m extra height o(
earth fill.
Minimum width15 m.
Separate footpath
(i) 80 lb pcr sq. ft.
(i) 400 kg
per
m2
uniformly distributed
when loaded length
exceeds 10 m, The
above mentioned load
be reduced for main
girders and arches to
1/6 pt. per m2 P=uniform lane loading as
per Fig. 15 in Plate JV.
360
Secondary roads...
240 kg per m2
(ii) No
(ii)p=(0.3
~-)
(s. s4)
(t per m2) for spans
bigger than 30 in
L=span length in xn.
W=~.footpathwidth in m
<<
r2 i
of 6 tonnes
(No over stressing)
Foot bridges.
hcembair 1965
AML1tLt.~Ft
AUSTRIA
CANADA
TORONTO
Article 1,2.11
(i)
No such minimum
widths specified.
(i) No standard
dimen-
(i) Variable
sions.
(ii) Austrian
standards
assume no different
loads for rural and
urban areas.
me
(iii) Loading stipulated
for the design of
hand-rails.
on the
ONTARIO
(I) As required
(ii) Article 1.2.11
(sii) 1,2.11 revised interim
(1964)
Article 1.2.17
TORONTO
(1) No details given.
etc.)
ONTARIO
Article 1.2,17*
<<
Clearance.
For structures Over
Interstate16Highway
ft clear
Syitem
over the entire width
of roadway including
shoulders.
Articles referred to relate ta the A.A.Sfl.O. Standard Speeifltati s for ffighway Bridges (1961).
122
transport.6mmuntcattons
Monthty *eYteW
b.cemb.r ths
FEDER.AIJR.EPUBLIC OF
FINLAND
GRBAT BRITAIN
(1) 40 m
(1)
(i) 6 ft
(ii)
(ii)
(a) or
4007 kg
tonper
axlem
(b)
do
concentrated load
100 kg (vertical or
horizonal).
No specification.
(1)
in
protection required
(ii) l~0
(iii) 10
10
30 t per m
20
per m solid
50t
per m floating
Transport
711.
<<
123
Memorandum No.
transport.~tommuntcathonsMos~d~t
*.vtew
7
Rice~b.r1N3
INDIA
Clause 116
JAPAN
No details given.
Shall be designed
to
resist a lateral horizontal
force and a vertical force,
each of 100 lb per linear
foot applied simultaneously
at the top.
(I) .P5rn
t for
CaY5iiOk~ pcrm
(b)~.:8SOkg per m2 for
main girder
(111)250kg perm
Parapets must not be
l~s than one metre high
and should be loaded with
a horizontal force of 250 kg
per m run applied along
the hand-rail.
No details given.
No details given.
(I)
(ii)
(iii)
<<
DeCember 1965
Transport-CommunIcatIons $ond~IyReview
MALAYSiA
(i) 6ft
Clause 2.12
(I) not given
(ii)
(a) 100 lb
(b)
(ii)
(a),LIve load
per sq. ft.
per ft
100 lb
do
NEW ZEALAND
Lateral
horizontal
forte of 150 lb per
Clause 2.17
timber sheathing be
placed upstream from
<<
do
December 1965
PHILIPP1NFS
RHODESIA
So far no specifications
adopted.
(i;i
5 ft (dear roadway)
(iii
(i) 2 ft 6 In.
8 ft, if combined with
cycle track bridge.
(ii~Section 4 C, B. S.
153/1954 Part 3 SectionA
do
du
(iii) 150 lb per sq. ft. hori- . (iii) 500 lb horizontal force
zontal force with simuat .2 ft 6 in, above
itaneous veftical force :
: surface level.
of 150 lb per sq. ft.
applitd at the top of
railing.
So far no specifications
adopted.
.
- P~~~KV2
where
V=Vclocity ofwater in ft
per sec.
predominant in its
catchment area, e.g.
heavy large
trees,
excessive bush, etc.
(ii) N/A
(iii) N/A.
<<
12:
December 1965
SWITZBR.LAND
SWEDEN
(I) 2.5
t. In
(ii) 400
kg case,
per m
special
the load
may be reduced to 250
kg per in2.
TURKEY
(i) 2,5m
(ii)
(i) Nil
Not preactibed
(I)
(ii)
per in of abutment or
pier in questitn. in
tiowing water with ice,
block pressure parallel
to the stream may be
assumed between 05
to 15t per in of span
length and 1/5th thereof perpendicular to the
stream.
Vertical clearance
(i} Roadway
(iii) Foot-path
<<
the towns,
(ii) Nil
(1) Cy~tetra~.k
per m2
46 in
2~5in
22in
127
December 1q65
BELGIUM
1.
it
,t
_L...,.....r1 i.
~
I ~ ,
~t..........t..........A._.....J...._1
Li.
Q~eztraffic Isirte 259
2
j~
,...._._k...,,.
t. ~_iThI1.i.
2~SO ri
,s ~
-~
I.,.,
2-SO nt
h.
iii
2 50 ii
:LIL::~j1,
., .
..
4.
The area of the trin of vehicles assi..jrned in elevation is: a rectangular screen 2
high with a length equal to the length ol the train,
5.
cii
impact factor
kr in c
1rrcstiorc No, 1
given by the following formula
\/
~=l--f-0.377~y
2Q
where
v=n speed in kilometre per hour, ali~aysgreater than 61)
<<
128
1, il, iii
and is
December 1965
tran~port-tommunicationsMonthly Review
ic
fl
1
F
~L
}. /
.4 k..
1=~+2h0+~f~~
2/z
l2=a4-
2h
12=a+
I d= span
of the slab
7. Equivalent U.D.L.
There are no regulations.
S. Braking force
The braking force is equal to 1/20 of the load 400 kg per m~(without impact factor)
distributed on the entire surface of the bridge deck or, if it is more unfavourable, 3/lu of the
wheel loads placed on the deck.
9.
Surcharge effect
The surcharge effect considered in the design of abutments of the bridge is equal to
the live loads considered for calculating the bridge.
11. Footbridges
(1) no regulations
(ii) loading 400 kg per rn2 for urban and rural areas
(iii) a horizontal and transverse load of 100 kg per metre run on the hand-rails
12.
<<
129
December 196S
TABLE
H in feet for the concentrated surface loads due to the wheel or track loads of
the following I.R.C. Standard Loadings
l.R.C, CLASS AA
LOADING
Single-lane
bridges
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
18
20
22
24
25
26
28
30
32
Multi-lane
bridges
84,6
65.3
51.6
42.9
36.9
32.6
29.1
26.4
24.1
22.4
19.4
17.1
16.2
15.3
13.8
12.6
11.6
10.8
10.4
10.1
9.5
8.9
8.4
I,R.C. CLASS A
LOADING
Single-lane Multi-lane
bridges F
bridges
50.8
39.2
31.0
25.7
22,1
19.5
17.5
15.8
14.5
13.4
11.6
10.3
9.7
9.2
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.5
6.2
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.0
46.8
36.1
28,6
23.7
20.4
18.0
16.1
14.6
13,4
12.4
10.7
9,5
9.0
8.5
7.6
7.0
6.4
6,0
5.7
5,6
5.2
4.9
4.6
56.4
43.5
34.4
28.6
24.6
21.7
19.417.6
16.1
14,9
12.9
11.4
10.8
102
9.2
8.47.7
7.2
6.9
6.7
6.3
5.9
5.6
I.R,C. CLASS B
LOADING
Single.lane
bridges
Multi.lane
bridges
28.2
21.8
17.2
14.3
12.3
109
9.7
8.8
8.1
7,5
6.5
5,7
5,4
5.1
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.6
3,5
3,4
3,2
3.0
2.8
33.8
26.!
20,6
17,2
14,8
13,0
llM
10,6
9.7
89
7,7
6.8
6.5
5,5
5.0
4.6
4.3
4,~
4.0
3.8
3..5
3,4
and above
the following values for the co9,stants for the abutments and the
backfill:
(I) Length of abutment (L)=15 ft for single-lane bridges and 25 ft for multi-lane bridges.
(2) AngIe of internal friction of the backfill (it)
(3) Wt of backfill
(W)
30
(l+sin~1) and ~
<<
130
respectively.
Table
December l96~
Military Loading
type Type
rn
16,000
I a 10667
2
8.006
2.5
6.400
3
5.333
35 4.57!
4
4.000
45
3,556
5
3.200
5,5
2.92 1
6
2.778
6,5
2.651
7
2.6 12
7,5
2.560
8
2.500
85
2.436
9
2.370
Type
Type
Type
m
1
1 5
24.000
16000
12.000
9,600
8.ttOO
6,857
6.000
5.333
4.800
4.382
4.167
3.965
3.778
3.605
3.445
3.297
3.160
28.000
18 667
15. 541
14.193
12.859
11.677
10.658
9.784
9.032
8.38!
7.814
7.3 16
6.877
6.486
6.136
5.990
5.854
10.667
9 027
8.185
7.285
7.329
7.561
7.455
7.252
7.143
6.954
6.727
6.486
6.243
6.005
5.776
5.559
5.352
38.000
25 333
19.981
18.248
16.534
15.013
13303
12,579
11.612
10.776
10047
9.407
8.842
8.839
7.889
7.728
7.561
~,
1
25
~
~
~
~
~
r~5
~
65
~
8
8 5
g
9,5
2.305
3.031
5.7 13
5.157
7.387
10
2.240
2.916
5.599
4.974
7.209
11
12
13
2.1211
2.111
2.083
2.705
2.521
2.360
14
15
16
2.122
2.133
2.125
2.217
2.091
1.978
5.411
5.206
4.997
4.793
4639
4.342
4.231
4.137
6857
6.518
6.200
593~
1~
11
12
13
14
4.597
4.420
4.110
LbS
5.710
5.52!
~
16
17
2.104
1.876
15
19
2.086
2.083
1.7134
20
2!
22
23
1.701
1.625
1.555
1.491
1.432
4.000
1.378
3.936
1.2273.870
1.280
3.818
1.236
3.790
1.196
3.765
4.120
4.136
4.204
4.253
4.293
4.308
5357
5.195
5.638
4.885
4~39
4.599
19
20
~
22
4304
M75
23
25
26
27
28
2.080
2.068
2.050
2.028
2.028
2.022
2.036
2.041
2.041
4.340
4.291
4.230
4.159
4.113
4.060
4.286
4.257
4.220
4.177
4.145
4.363
4.255
4.151
4.051
3.954
24
25
26
27
28
29
2.036
1.157
3.737
4.118
3,860
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
2.031
2.031
2.031
2.028
2.021
2.012
2.012
2.010
1.121
1,088
1.056
1.026
0.997
0.971
0.945
0,921
3.703
3.6b6
4.106
4.104
3.771
3.685
3d,)
31
3.626
4.105
3.602
32
38
39
2.017
0.898
3.634
4.174
3.168
38
2.020
2.020
2.015
2.010
2,010
2.004
2005
0.876
0.856
0.765
0.691
0.631
0.580
0.500
3.648
3.657
3.673
3.658
3.646
3.621
3.570
4.173
4.157
4.107
4.116
4.138
4.107
4.124
3.105
3.044
2.771
2.541
2.345
2.177
1.903
39
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
24
40
45
50
55
60
70
80
<<
3.584
3.567
3.567
3.583
3.612
4.110
4125
4.137
4157
4.169
3.522,
3.446
3.372
3.302
3.233
~5
u18
s3
34
35
36
37
2.005
(M39
3.602
4.104
1.689
90
2.003
0.391
3.597
4.107
1.518
90
100
2.003
0.353
3.577
4.112
1.379
100
120
140
160
180
200
2.001
2.002
2.001
2.000
2.001
0.295
0.253
0.222
0.198
0.178
3.583
3.570
3.577
3.572
3.571
4.107
4.103
4.104
4.106
4.086
1.164
1.007
0.887
0.793
0317
120
140
160
Nil,
180
200
Type
Military Loading
Type
16.000
10.657
8.000
6.400
5.333
24.000
16.000
12.000
9.600
8.000
4.898
4 500
4.148
3.840
3.570
3.333
3.314
3.265
3.200
3.125
3.045
2.963
2.925
2.880
2.777
2.667
2.651
2.512
.
2.560
2531
2.491
2.438
2.420
2.395
2.380
Type
2.444
Type
2.359
2.333
28,000
24.640
20.860
17.830
15.493
12.160
10,287
9,787
9.114
8.70
35.000
31.680
26.820
22.925
19.920
7.347
13,669
8,623
17.574
5.750
5.222
5.760
5.355
5.000
4686
4.408
4.160
3,938
3.737
3.556
3.391
3.240
2.975
2.750
2.556
2.388
12.2 15
11.034
10.058
9,497
9.147
8.788
8.434
8.094
7.770
7.464
7.258
7.057
5,877
5,509
6.331
5.057
5.809
8.400
8.217
7,935
7,617
7.289
6.968
6.651
6.372
6.133
5.950
5.813
5.717
5.639
5.554
5.511
5,453
5.355
15.705
14.187
12.931
12.229
11.803
11.359
10.917
10.487
10.077
9.687
8.401
9.125
8.873
8.474
8,079
7.700
7.358
2.240
2.109
5.607
5.408
5.234
5.117
7.072
6.798
1.993
1.889
1.795
1.710
1.633
h552
1.497
5.215
5.098
5.051
5.006
4.947
4.877
4.829
5.032
4.982
4.958
4.944
4 920
4.879
4.827
5.537
6.291
6.059
5.840
5.635
5.443
5.261
L438
4.795
4.778
5,091
2.330
2.920
2.305
2.296
2-283
1.382
1.331
1.284
1.240
1.199
4.750
4.702
4.664
4.634
4.600
4.742
4.720
4.709
4.702
4.688
4.930
4.778
4635
4.500
4.372
2.267
1.160
4.559
4.555
4,251
2.254
2.258
2.248
2.242
2.233
2.222
2.221
2.216
2.209
2 205
2.181
2.163
2.147
2.133
2.116
2.101
4.515
4.477
4.436
4.391
4.357
4.340 F
4.330
4~314 F
4.294
4.276
4.212
4.135
4.079
4.041
3.962
3.923
3.878
3.849
4.635
4.608
4.591
4.578
4,571
4.137
4.028
3.924
3.825
3.732
4.568
3.642
4.558
~
4.523
4.508
4.475
4.429
2.079
1,124
1.090
LOSS
1.028
0.999
0.972
0.947
0.922
0.899
0.878
0.782
0.705
0.543
0.590
0,507
0.444
0.396
0.355
4.380
4,337
4,305
4.285
4.258
3.557
3,475
3.397
3.323
2.993
2.722
2.496
2.304
1.997
1.762
1.575
1.426
2.051
0,298
3.799
4.239
1.197
2.051
2.043
2.037
2.033
0.255
3,765
3 741
3.722
3.707
4.220
4.205
4.190
4.179
1.031
0.906
0.808
0.729
2.089
0.224
0.199
0.179
4.400
331
December 1965
UNITED
~-
LOAD
H.20
14 20
H 20-44 S,oeo LBS
H 15-44 G.ooo LBS
N 10-44 4,oooLBS
52.OOc~ LBS
PLATE I
CG4C~J~TRATIDLOAD~~000
2C 000 FOR
FOR IIOMENT
SHEAP.
~~-~NIFORM
STATES OF AMERICA
640
FOOT
oF
LOAD I..fr.WE.
LOADING
S 16-41- LOADING
-4-4
-
r 13,500 FOR
~CDNCE.Nr~ATEchLOAD ~t~5oo
FOR MOME.NT
SHE.~R
24,000 LBS
I6~ooo LBS
4- -o
W=TOThL W~.IGHT0FTRUCK.~o
AND LOAD
I IP4CHPERIOWO
~OAOED1RUC~
I0-oCLEARAEICE 8
ILOAD LANE WIDTh
t~TiL
:
I STANDARD H
OFTIRD-T, SIIMj
SPML AH1PJhDP.P~O 14 TRi)Ch~S.
~ID1OF
H 15-44 LOADING
HIS - Sl2~-44LOADING
.~wi
COMC~NTRATE~DLOAO.[ I3~OOOFOR.
~OOO FOR ~I4EAR
MOMENT
I~4IFORM LOAD 32.O-LBSpER LINCAR FOOT OF LOAD LAI4~
H 1044- tOADING
P4 LAP4L AND H5
LANE. LOADING
Fig. 2.
RU~I(
Fig. I.
Fig. 3.
TRAFFIC RAILING
-~
-~
AUSTRIA
-~1
~ __i_~
~
...
KIPP~XLE5.
Fig. 4.
<<
Li
W4LKWAY
IT
~J_j
ILSURFAC~
COMBINATION
RAILING
~ ~I
I
I9~
~
C)
2-24
p~
Ij
~
o
~.
~-,
(W~EWAV SUR~
___
PEDESTRIAN RAILING
Fig. 5.
LEGEND
P= 10,000 i. L~PostSpacing for Traffic Railing. Wr50 lb P.L.F. I=Post Spacing
for ~ jestrian Railing. Rail Load shown Left. Post Load shown Right
Note. The iapes of Rail Members are illustrative only. Any Material or combination
of ~terials listed in Article 1.1.10(A) may be used in any Configuration
133
IQP~~LL W~4EU.
~.OAOS
Fig. 6.
Dee,nber INS
II
FEDERAL
REPUBLIC
OF GERMANY
GREAT
BRITAIN
rr
1=3
1~ ~
6-00
6.00
I$~
Table 2. Load and Contact Width of Design Vehicle
HEAVYTRUCKS(SLW)
2i
3
4
1
Class
Total
Load
t
60
30
60
30
p
5
TRUCK (LKW)
8
l~ooo
T
Front Wheels
Rear Wheels
Width of Class
Loadi
Wheel
Width of I Wheel
Width of
Contact
Load
Contact
Load
Contact
t
b~
t
t
10.0
Th60
165*
16
30
O26
51i
O40
50
040~ 6
6
1~0
1~14
2~0
0~2
INTERMEDIATE CLASS (only for Checking the Existing Bridges)
Wheel
Load
12
21J
029
4~0
o~0~
9
15
0 18
30~~ 0 26
~
3
05
014
10
020
~~ontact
Length of Wheel Load in the Direction of Travel O2m, Contact Area of
each
2).
Wheel=020xContact Width (in Metre
Table 3
1
2
I
3
1
4
6
Main Lane considered in Calculation Width=~3m
Uniformly
DESIGN VEHICLE
Distributed Wheel
Class
Load p in the
Uniformly
TYPE OF ROAD
Distributed Area outside the
main Lane
Total Load Substitute Wheel Load
Abbreviation
Load
i/rn2
i/rn2
t
i/rn2
45
24
45
24
750
40
(Y5O
0 30
12
9
60
SLW
60
333
050
30
SLW
30
167
050
010
089
050
ft30
______
165*
6
__________
___________
LKW
16
LKW
010
040
040
0~20
Design Load for Intermediate Class (only for Checking the Existing Bridges)
45
210
050
030
________________________
24
113
050
010
________________________
12
0-67
040
010
9
050
040
030
__________________________
~3
3
010
0~30
0~20
_________________________
both upto a spacing of 2Om
Longitudinal Girders and Plates with supported Width upto 7m are to be designed for an Axle Load of
1ST, the Lane Widths of Wheel are 2m and 4m respectively.
45
24
12
SLW
LKW
LKW
<<
14000
2Z000
20000
Slabs
Lane width 10 ft
or less
2400
22.00
~18000
~-
U.
2000
1800
~*eoo-3
r1~i4OO
Si
a
12.00 -
-3
Lane loading
=loading from Fig. I x WhO
Load/sq. ft.
=lane loading from Fig. 1 xOl
Knife edge load per ft=2700 lb
As above
W=width of lane
II,.
Beams
-3
~ 1000
800
GOC
Ant
z
0,
0
0
-J
20:1111_HIl
2.
10
12
-
14
16
18 20
2.00 400
LOA~DED LENGTl4:gEE~T
LOADING
600
iL~
L~~.
LLL~W
800 1000
FOR
T~P[
HA
LOADING.
Fig, 8.
Figs, and Tables referred to above rehte to British Standard Highway Loadings, B.S. 153 : Part 3, Section A1954
3000
December 1965
PLATE III
1~
I.
300 FT
MINIMUM
,1-s-_.+~4~_a--.-s.4..-_s-.
- I
~
A.
CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH
________
~2~9HI
4-O
-~
~kE4lit
_______
...~.
%Yf*O~7f ~,/~F
35 TONS
~X~W
IU~
__________
CARRIAGEWAY WIDTH
I~
I
~
Section 00
PP
6-0
-4
6.25 T2ONS
Carriageway
Width
Minimum Value
of C
__
15,000
9,000
3,600
20
15
8
1 ft-0 in.
Hw
-HwH
Plan
18 ft to 24
ft
Uniformly
~iegfroml
to 4 ft
Above 24 f~
4 ft
Plan
WHEELED VEHICLE
Clast AA tracked wheeled vehicles (Clause 2071)
FIz. 9.
W
in inches
B
6
5
IS
12
7
1_
Clear
carriageway
width
~
Increaft 4in.
Plan
u.e
18 ft to 24
ft
45
35
20
ft
15
Above 24 ft
$1_____
=%V
Fig. IC.
4 ft-0 in.
135
20
30
40
50
60
70
8)
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
Impact percentage Curves for Highway Bridges for class A and class H loadings
f
~-
~
~
.~ ~
Fig. II
10
SPAN IN FEET
or more
more
10
5
50
F-. 25
4. The minimum clearance, f, between the outer edge of the wheel and
the roadway face of the herb, and the
minimum clearance, g,
between the
outer edges of passing or crossing vehicles on mu]ti.lane bridges shall be as given
below
__
0 ft or
30
~I
Ib
Multiple Lao~eBridges
Less than 18 ft
2 ft-0 in.
18 ft or above
<<
2~
Clear
CarriaRtway
W
in inches
1I
10
8
6
Axle load
CflRIACF~mflVWIflTH_..._..j
6.25 TONS
6
55
40
Section on PP
3,75 TONS
area of the
4. The minimum clearance, f, between the outer edge of the wheel and
the roadway face of the kerb, and the
minimum clearance, g, between the outer
edges of passing or crossing vehicles on
multilane bridges thall be as given
below
OOI
3,75 TONS
25,000
15,000
6,000
3-9.--~~ I
B
in inches
lb
-~1
n-HT~1T~T1
wQw
II__________________________
Ground c ontact ares
Axle load
7-9 Mm.
6-9
I-u
II
5,050
TRACKED VEHICLE
I~
w[
35 TONS
9-6
~:
~a
_____
(Clause 211.2)
Fig. 12,
180
190
Traniport_Communicatlons Monthly
PLATE IV
ITALY
CIVIL LOADING
Typez
I
bec~mberI96~
Review
Type2
_____
~OLL~.P
300
300
300
3CC
t~f
46t
300
~.E2~~
jt.OO
~O0
SWEDEN
tOO
CL. La~.eLoadh~g
~.OO__-
6.00
__________________
One=14T
7:vpe 3
P=14t
L<I0
p=
L=~1090
PHILIPPINES
-400
CROWD LOAD OF
L>90
kgfm~
CDNT~NUOUS TRAIN
or
MILITA~ LOAb
o~~S
01
0
01
OP
QI
I
WI
c*I
0l
3!
ao
I,Sro.,~yt.(
C~
fl
J~I__~4J~_
3~1-
-.
TtWckI
114
EDE INCREASED BY
MP~,CT EFFECTS LTC.
1fl
____
WIDTH
OF LM,E;
~1~
AUEERNATIVE
~ %~B DISTRIBUTION
~--
~-Z
C)~O
Or ROADWAy
~996 7t~~]~k4~
2.
2o
~
)~I5 35 lOADt~G
Type 5
TWO I~OA~,S
DISTRIBUTED LOAD
~LUS
(L~)(~)
0
ri~
4B~~I
P=,4t
IILJ[1
COMCUflRATED
5.3~3t
.90
Type 6
LO.P
190
~nt/__
UNIFORki LOAD
5IN~L~
MILIrAR~ LOAD OF 74-5t
LsS
I,
~z
SHALL ~t INCREASED BY
20t
~ ~-it-
~.4
____
H~5~5L0AOIN~
(~ooo FOR IflOML4T~3Ooo
rog ~LAP.
UNIFORIA COAt 3j0LS5. PER LU!kflR FOOT OF L&I~E
~ONIMPACT ETC
OR OTIIER LIMITATION
rop
~uc.nnTo
HO-V
LANE.
13
~.
~
20t
20t
I
I
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT Of
1HE SINDLE-TRUCK LOADING
*_~._.
DIS~RIBI,E~ION
-~:
ii
-~
________________________________________________
~
WIDlli
LoADIH~
W,DTh ~O
7
Fig.
I
~
LQUIVALEP~T LOADING
4-3Z
20t
20t
////,~~///;~~
Ie*$, ~let
l(~.~-t ~,t1-7E.
I
Lpa.u,~
__
6.SINGLE-TRUCK LOADING
~CONCLNThA1tD
~
4-Ao
~
!!~!!~!!
1.
7tWITHOUT
IMPACT INCREMENT
LOAD4NG
f tiSac FOR MOInENT
~
I$500 FOR St4EA&
P-%4
H-20-3S
I-s~s~I-
17
3VE~
3.!~
-~
~.SING~
7~W~t~L,
ARBITRARIlY PLP.CLD
II tiM
-IO-3S LOADING
TRAIN LOADINI~
~~6~4.O0
_____
-
CONTINUOUS 5iRUCTtj~E
WITH LOADED LENGTH (L
407, raP
J.14
1*La~5dYn.
400
i
2.4!
V~LIMITATION
RAIl 1MG OR (CURB)
OTHER
oo
~-zo ~
1
~
J,5t4q44
<<
p SUM
*
N
I IS TOM
LENGTH
I.
n
~e,
~s.St
P~ItMThSS1M
/~I
tDP0SO
0
0
p5 TtIIT..(Iq
S
ol
iFIF~~~lII~]JJJI
~
0
0
p=lI
13(L. 10)
24
Fig. 14.
136
Ft.~.T
...I J.P~~!
(iF
!LA~IE4O
LE.NGTRSIN
~:o.5
b-~-g
~.
~0
b~9
e~-~
METRE5 ROR 6~7m.INrER~ItDIML
~
Fig. IS.
VALUES
BARAK
BRIDGE
When completed this bridge will have the largest prestressed span of
any bridge so far built in India.
The bridge will be 924 ft. long with deckings of 77 ft.185ft.400ft.-.185 ft.77 ft. span, providing a 24 ft. wide roadway. This Cantilever in-situ
construction was done without staging, which ensured navigation during
construction.
Prestressing has been done by the Freyssinet method.
Designed and constructed to the orders of the Chief Engineer (Roads)
P.W.D., Shillong, Assam.
By
Telephones
454261 (5 lines)
~
452214
T /
e egrains
452215
(Iv
<<
Gammon, Bombay
Dadar.
Telephone:
253116
Press
35, i)aIal
Building,
Street,
Foi-t, B(.)MBAYI.
over River Kosi at Rampur on National Highway No. 24 was Completed in July 1965 in
Just 15 Working Months-Length: 1055-O Spa: 135-O
Regional Offices
<<
Cuttack (Orissa),
Lucknow
(v)
Telephone :
245920
Bombay-I.
Grams
FREYSSI Bombay.
Printed at the R. K. Printers, Kamla Nagar, and Edited & published by S.. Hukam Siagh, Technical
Secretary, Indian Roads Congress, Jamnagar House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-II5000.
<<