Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UNIVERSITY OF OULU
LABORATORY OF PROCESS METALLURGY
P.O. BOX 4300
FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU
PREFACE
The activities of the laboratory in 2004 were very lively in both teaching and
research areas.
According to the Bologna declaration our whole department and correspondingly our laboratory prepared for the two cycle education model. The work was
and still is, in relation to teaching material and methods, of a fundamental nature.
What is in question is renovation, where teaching material that has accumulated
over the years needs to be updated to conform to the plan. Work has begun
smoothly and been very fruitful. Teaching in our own laboratory will adapt to
the teaching programme of the whole department within the next few years.
We are consequently living a period of transition within the teaching area, that
is exceptionally busy. Our laboratorys senior assistant and assistant positions
have been continually occupied, which has guaranteed a good foundation for
teaching work. Senior assistant Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen has once again ofciated as
chairman of our laboratorys teaching development workgroup and as a motor
for our entire education system. In addition the laboratorys researchers have
actively taken part in the care of teaching duties. Industrial support has once
again been noticeable and facilitated the versatile educational offerings. Course
participant numbers have as a rule been over ten students. Every year about ten
diploma engineers graduate from professorship. 2004 was an excellent year for
doctoral theses. Timo Fabritius and Matti Luomala both defended their doctoral
theses during the past year and were both accepted with honours. In addition
Outokumpu plcs foundation chose Fabritiuss work as the best doctoral thesis
for 2004 from within the eld.
Also a year has elapsed within the research area during this period of transition.
The National Technology Agency of Finlands (TEKES) metallurgical technology
programme came to an end whereupon the umbrella over the research funding
disappeared and thus inuenced the attainment of new projects. It is anticipated
as a result of this that the laboratorys approx. 1,5 million euro yearly budget will
during 2005 decrease a little. Our complete research force has worked very actively to obtain new research projects to support the laboratorys key knowledge.
As a result of this work we have, among others, successsfully obtained from the
Academy of Finland, two three year research projects and one subsequent three
year post doctors position. In addition to this our laboratorys head remained the
Academy of Finlands senior research scientist until 1.8.2004. In the same manner
as last year, Timo Fabritius D.Sc. (Tech.) acted as research manager, laboratory
heads deputy and as acting professor until 31.7.2004.
Within the laboratory environment there have been changes in direction for both
industral and public nancing. Companies research strategies and the adapted
nancial activities of the National Technology Agency of Finland are in place
of the former process centralisation moving more towards products. On the
other hand environmental engineering related research and development need
is rising rapidly. In accordance with these changes the laboratory has striven to
respond by directing key technology areas on the one hand towards products
and on the other hand towards environmental engineering. At the end of the
year we founded, together with our Process and Environmental Engineering
Departments Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory and
Helsinki University of Technologys unit Environmental Technology within Process
Industry, the so called CIRU-centre (Centre for Industrial Residue Utilisation),
whose goals are above all merchandising the innovation of using the metallurgy
industries inorganic waste. CIRUs activities have begun briskly. Diploma engineer
Esa Virtanen is operating as the executive director.
Once again it is to be noted that the laboratorys technology and nances have
in the same manner as last year, been in very good hands. Riku Mattila acted as
the laboratory engineers and technology groups chairman and Berith Zinovjev
was the nancial manager. To all the aforementioned and to all working within
the laboratory, thank you for a very successful working year 2004.
We are a team, whose equals are hard to nd.
Jouko Hrkki
Head of the laboratory
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 LABORATORY STAFF AND STUDENTS
2 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
2.1
12
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
12
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
Metallurgical Processes
Metallurgical Thermodynamics
Theory of Pyrometallurgical Processes
Laboratory Working
Casting and Solidication
Construction Materials of High-temperature Processes
Steel Industrys Challenges
Control of Environmental Load from Processes of
Metallurgical Industry
3 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
6
8
12
16
Reduction metallurgy
3.1.1 Development of the Steel Belt Sintering Technology
for Ferroalloys11
3.1.2 PANAMA
3.1.3 FunSmart-Functional Smart Materials for the Blast Furnace
3.1.4 Coke
3.1.5 Phase Transformations in Metallurgical Coke
16
Rening metallurgy
22
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
22
23
24
25
TASK
METAL
TTJV
Electromagnetic Forces in Melts
The Lifespan of Refractory Lining and the Properties
of the Slag in Steelmaking Converter, KOVUKE
16
18
19
19
20
25
Environmental research
26
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
26
26
27
28
OPTIDUST II
CO2H2
POHA
Mixture of FeCr- and AOD-slags
Page
3.4
4.2
4.3
High-temperature Devices
4.1.1 The Simultaneous DSC-TGA-MS
4.1.2 The Simultaneous DTA-TGA
4.1.3 TGA
4.1.4 High Temperature Viscometer
4.1.5 Finger Test Device
4.1.6 Optical Dilameter
4.1.7 Gradient Furnace
4.1.8 Pressure Furnace
4.1.9 Alkali Test
4.1.10 Blast Furnace Simulator
Others
4.2.1 Watermodels
4.2.2 Coulter Omnisorp 360 cx
4.2.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics Software
4.2.4 Thermodynamic Calculation Programmes
4.2.5 Gas Chromatograph
4.2.6 Microscopes
4.2.7 Materialographic Surface Preparation of Solid Materials
Other Available Facilities
5 PUBLICATIONS 2004
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Papers
Conferences, Seminars and Symposiums
Reports
Annuals and Final Reports
6 THESIS
6.1
6.2
Doctors Theses
Diploma Engineer Theses (Master of Science in Technology)
Pro gradu
28
30
30
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
37
37
38
38
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39
7 CONFERENCE VISITS
40
8 CONTACT INFORMATION
41
Academic Staff
Hrkki, Jouko
Fabritius, Timo
Taskinen, Pekka
Seppnen, Matti
Heinnen, Kysti
Jonsson, Lage
Dahl, Olli
Heikkinen, Eetu-Pekka
Paananen, Timo
M.Sc.(Tech.), Assistant
Luomala, Matti
Heino, Jyrki
Kokkonen, Tommi
Makkonen, Hannu
Mattila, Riku
Tanskanen, Pekka
Virtanen, Esa
Krkkinen, Maija
Ikheimonen, Topi
Kallio, Kimmo
Petjjrvi, Marko
Leinonen, Virpi
Angerman, Mikko
Ptalo, Mika
Vaara, Niina
Co-lecturers:
Researchers
Angerman, Mikko
Fabritius, Timo
Fedory, Paul
Student
Gornostayev, Stanislav S.
Ph.D.
Harju, Markus
M.Sc. (Math.)
Heikkinen, Eetu-Pekka
Lic. (Tech.)
Heino, Jyrki
Hekkala, Lauri
M.Sc. (Math.)
Huttunen, Satu
Hynl, Arto
M.Sc. (Phys.)
Ikheimonen, Topi
M.Sc. (Tech.)
Kallio, Kimmo
Kokkonen, Tommi
M.Sc. (Chem.)
Luomala, Matti
Makkonen, Hannu
Mattila, Olli
Mattila, Riku
M.Sc. (Tech.)
10
Nauha, Matti
M.Sc. (Tech.)
Paananen, Timo
M.Sc. (Tech.)
Petjjrvi, Marko
M.Sc. (Tech.)
Tang, Yong
Dr. (Tech.)
Tanskanen, Pekka
Virtanen, Esa
M.Sc. (Tech.)
Research Assistants
Karjalainen, Esa
Student
Sippola, Jukka
Student
Student
Isoknt, Simo
Student
Kasala, Markku
Student
Student
Leinonen, Virpi
Student
Linnala, Kati
Student
Pyykknen, Juha
Student
Rainto, Ilkka
Student
Student
Technical Staff
Kokkonen, Tommi
Mattila, Riku
Penttinen, Jorma
Virkkala, Jouko
Administration
Zinovjev, Berith
Heikkinen, Kaisa
Postgraduate Students
Erkkil, Helena
Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka
Heino, Jyrki
Hekkala, Lauri
Huttunen, Satu (In GSCE)
Kallio, Kimmo
Kokkonen, Tommi
Makkonen, Hannu
Mattila, Olli
Mattila, Riku
Metsrinta, Maija (Outokumpu Research)
Paananen, Timo
Petjjrvi, Marko
Tanskanen, Pekka
Virtanen, Esa
12
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
The primary goal of the laboratory of process metallurgy is to educate people
with masters and doctoral degrees (M.Sc.Eng. and D.Sc.Tech.) into the service of
metallurgical industry. As a part of the department of process and environmental
engineering, the laboratory also organizes its education in a way that serves the
educational objectives of the whole department at the same time. Because of this
it is not the laboratorys only goal to teach people to understand the metallurgical processes of iron, steel and ferroalloys production as thoroughly as possible. It
is equally important to give students different viewpoints and perspectives to the
phenomena and problems concerning metallurgical processes as well as other challenges which a freshly graduated M.Sc.Eng. may encounter in his or her future career.
This means that the students have the abilities to understand, model and control the
phenomena inside the processes no matter what the process in question is.
In the past year (as in 2003) the main emphasis of the educational development has
been focused on the preliminary planning of the two-phase degree in engineering
which will take place in 2005. The planning process has been carried out in close
co-operation with the other laboratories of the department as well as students
and industrial partners. Organised planning of the education has also been noticed
since the department of process and environmental engineering has been credited
as a national high quality teaching unit by The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation
Council since 2004.
2.1
in 2004 was directed at Rautaruukkis steel works in Raahe.The course was lectured
by assistant Timo Paananen (M.Sc.Eng.) and part-time teacher Maija Krkkinen (M.Sc.
Eng.). Additional lectures were held by professor Jouko Hrkki (D.Sc.Tech.), research
manager Timo Fabritius (D.Sc.Tech.) and researcher Jyrki Heino (Tech.Lic.).
14
16
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Timo Fabritius
We sharpened our strategy during autumn 2004.We still concentrated our research
activities on the study of iron and steel making processes including carbon steelmaking as well as stainless steelmaking unit operations. However, the importance of high
temperature chemistry of recycling and waste treatments has increased. As a new
activity we have formed CIRU (Centre for Industrial Residue Utilisation) research
unit with two research partners to strengthen our position in that eld.
Total funding of the laboratory was balanced on the level of 1.5 M euro per year.
The main part of that funding is directed on research activities. In practice, almost
all research activities were based on the co-operation with industrial partners. Furthermore, the role of TEKESs (National Technology Agency of Finland) as a nancer
is still remarkable.
The production of scientic publications including referee and conference papers was
at a satisfactory level. New scientic ndings were presented in international conferences as well as in Blast Furnace Day here in Oulu on 30 31st March organised
by the laboratory. Two (2) doctors of technology and ten (10) diploma engineers
graduated from our laboratory during the last year.
3.1
REDUCTION METALLURGY
tion of the sintering process. Sub-models were developed and implemented in the
calculations to describe reactions. Lots of laboratory experiments (drying of pellets,
specic heat and heat conductivity of pellets, oxidation of coke and chromite etc.)
were done for validation of the mathematical sub-models. Sub-models were developed rst for pellets scale and after that extrapolated for pellet bed. Study is focused
on three main reactions: 1) drying of pellet, 2) oxidation and reduction behaviour
of iron cations in chromite and 3) oxidation of coke.
18
3.1.2 PANAMA
Panama: Novel Analysis and Optimization of Blast Furnace Burden
Materials for Cost-Effective and High-Iron Capacity Production.
Project Manager: Pekka Tanskanen
Researchers: Timo Paananen and Satu Huttunen
PANAMA was a subcontract project (1.7.2001-30.9.2004) for Rautaruukki Raahe
Steel.The project focused on developing a mineralogy-based characterisation method
for iron burden materials to enable more stable and cost-effective blast furnace
operation. The research included determination of the mineralogical evolution of
ferrous burden in solid state and formation and further evolution of liquid slags. A
special issue of the project was to characterise the alkali capture mechanisms of
different burden materials and the alkali retention capacity of different liquid slags.
Different iron burden materials were used in the mineralogical part of the research.
The evolution and properties of the liquid slags, as well as the alkali retention capacity
was determined with synthetic slag systems. The research was realised as laboratory-scale experiments using mineralogical and metallurgical research methods and
equipment.
Results:
Mineralogical evolution of the iron oxides and slag phases and the initial liquid
formation were determined at certain equilibrium-state reduction conditions. The
alkali capture mechanisms for certain burden materials were characterised.The alkali
retention capacity for some liquid slags was measured. Applying the mineralogical
research methods was found to be a successful means for characterising the material evolution. Iron burden materials should not be classied and evaluated on the
basis of the different minerals but on different mineral associations.
3.1.4 Coke
Coke:The Behaviour and Properties of Coke in Blast Furnace and in
Cupola Furnace
Project Manager: Olli Mattila
Researchers: Stanislav Gornostayev 1.1.2003-31.7.2004 and Tommi
Kokkonen
This project was started on 1.5.2002 and ends 31.7.2005. The main target of this
project is to increase coke production and improvement of cost-effectiveness of
coke production and decrease the reducing agent (coke, oil) consumption in BF.
Additional targets are to increase knowledge in Finland and in Northern countries
in the eld of coke structures and the behaviour of coke in BF and to develop
methods to analyse coke behaviour straight from the process data. Laboratory of
Process Metallurgy will study the structural changes of coke and the main factors
20
causing those changes as the coke moves downwards in the BF process. An additional task is to study the behaviour of coke in contact with slag and metal e.g. how
the mineral particles revealed to the surface of coke will be detached to slag. The
project is divided in two parts. In the rst part the behaviour of coke is studied in
the conditions simulating BF conditions.The second part of this project will focus on
coke-slag and coke-metal interaction. Two laboratories and two industrial partners
are involved in the project: Laboratory of Process Metallurgy, Laboratory of Heat
Engineering, Rautaruukki Oyj and Paroc Group Oyj respectively. Coke research in
Sweden is monitored through Jernkontorets meetings.
9m
9m
10 m
22
3.2
REFINING METALLURGY
3.2.1 TASK
TASK: Effective Blowing Practice for AOD-Converter
Project Manager: Timo Fabritius
Researcher: Esa Virtanen
The aim of the project TASK was to develop techniques to achieve as efcient blowing practices as possible for the 150-ton AOD converter.The project was started in
the middle of the year 2001 and nished at the end of June 2004.
The project was divided into three parts: AOD refractory lining, top lance blowing
and sidewall blowing.The implementation of an efcient blowing practice in the AOD
needs a large amount of gases to be
blown into the steel melt in an intense
but also controlled way. To achieve this,
the facts having an effect on gas blowing and on its behaviour on steel melt
has to be carefully known. Therefore
the effects of top lance blowing and
sidewall blowing as well as interactions
between top and sidewall blowing
were claried. Blowing practices were
evaluated and developed from these
points of view. The results of studies
have been published in two (2) diploma
theses, one (1) doctoral thesis, four (4)
referee journal papers and also in some
technical reports.
3.2.2 METAL
Increasing Efciency of the Decarburization in the Last Stage of the
AOD-process
Project Manager: Timo Fabritius
Researchers: Yong Tang, Esa Virtanen
The aim of the project is to decrease tap-to-tap time of AOD-process. Study focus
is on developing blowing practices for low carbon steel grades. Then the most important blowing stage is the last one where the carbon content of the steel melt
is already low. The project was started on January 2004 and it will continue till the
end of 2006.
The study includes theoretical calculations, numerical uid ow simulations and process tests. Fluid ow simulations are made by Fluent programme and thermodynamic
data will be implemented into the simulation model. The model will be veried by
process and laboratory tests.
The project is nanced by Tekes and Outokumpu Stainless Oy.This research will be
done as a subcontract for Outokumpu Stainless Oy.
24
3.2.3 TTJV
TTJV: Mould Powders for High Casting Speeds
Project Manager: Kimmo Kallio
Researcher: Marko Petjjrvi
TTJV was a 3-years project that started on 1.5.2001 and ended on 31.5.2004.
The project was part of the national technology programme Frontiers in Metallurgy
and was nanced by Rautaruukki Oyj, Outokumpu Stainless Oy and TEKES (National
Technology Agency of Finland). Other partners have been Fundia Wire Oy Ab, Imatra
Steel Oy Ab, Outokumpu Copper Oy, HUT (lab. of Metallurgy) and TEKES.
The purpose of the project was to obtain better knowledge from the eld of mould
powders and to achieve higher casting speeds and awless surface quality in the steel
industry. Normally, the steel output can be increased with higher casting speeds, but
at the same time, the surface quality reduces and the breakout risk increases.
Mould powders were widely examined in laboratory scale (DTA-TGA, XRD, XRF,
SEM-EDS, HT-viscosimeter, optical dilatometer, etc.) and in full-scale with Rautaruukkis continuous casting (CC) machines. The casting speeds of the demanding peritectic steel grades are increased in a controlled way by the development of mould
powder characteristics. During the project, the knowledge of the mould powder
characteristics (optimization of the mould powder composition) and practicability
in process has increased to a higher level. Powders were developed together with
a mould powder producer.
In this project solid slag layers were collected from Rautaruukkis continuous casting
process for the rst time and comparable samples were prepared on a laboratory
scale. Solid slag layer controls horizontal heat transfer in the mould. During the
project information about the thickness, structure and formation of the solid slag
layer was achieved.
26
3.3
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
3.3.1 OPTIDUST II
OPTIDUST II - environmentally friendly utilization of dusts, sludge,
scraps and skulls of Raahe and Koverhar steel plants in hot metal
production
Project Manager: Hannu Makkonen
Researchers: Hannu Makkonen, Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
Research assistant: Simo Isoknt
The project started on 1.1.2002 and concluded on 31.12.2004. The target was to
evaluate and choose the most feasible and ecological recycling and utilization technique for Fundia Koverhars and Rautaruukki Steels problematic and unexploitable
dusts, sludge, skulls, scrap nes and scales. The information obtained will be used as
a basis for an industrial designing and selection project to increase Rautaruukkis hot
metal production.
The project used reduction trials of laboratory scale for the residual materials to assess the efciency of certain recycling techniques in e.g. Zn removal.The products of
the reduction tests were analyzed chemically and mineralogically in order to evaluate
if the products can be utilized in iron production. The next step was smelting tests.
The reduced materials were smelted in an induction furnace and metal and slag
were analyzed.Thermodynamic calculations complemented the evaluation of different
recycling methods. The harmful components (Zn, Pb, Na, K, Sn, Cd, As and S) were
emphasized in the calculations. As a result of the project we know the reactions of
the residues during reduction and smelting.
Partners in the project were National Technology Agency of Finland, Rautaruukki
Group, SKJ Companies and Technical Research Centre of Finland.
3.3.2 CO2H2
Project Manager: Mikko Angerman
Researchers: Markus Harju, Jukka Sippola, Paul Fedory and Eetu Heikkinen
The duration of the whole project was 1.3.2003-30.9.2004.The projects objectives
were to study the feasibility of present technology to achieve closed gas loops or
highly circulated gas ows in process industry, especially in metals production.
Results:
Thermodynamic, mass and energy balance calculations were made of several gas
loop arrangements. Results show potential to increase production e.g. by making
DRI and reduce the overall plant CO2-emissions. Results were obtained with HSC
Chemistry, FactSAGE and Factory.
Partners in the project were: University of Oulu; Laboratory of Process Metallurgy,
Laboratory of Control Engineering, Laboratory of Heat and Mass Transfer and bo
Akademi, Heat Engineering Laboratory.
Project report will be published in 2005.
More information about the Factory is available on the Internet at: http://factory.
oulu..
3.3.3 POHA
Project Manager: Olli Dahl (Helsinki University of Technology)
Researchers: Virpi Leinonen, Jyrki Heino (Industrial Environmental Engineering)
and Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
The aim of study is to nd out and remove substances which can prevent reuse
of slags from copper and nickel ash melting processes. The research will examine
which harmful compounds will dissolve from the slag matrix and how they can be
controlled. All the residual slags have to full the regulations set by the authority.
A literature study is used to gather information of environmental acts concerning the
utilization of nickel and copper slags. The existing methods to decrease the harmful effects contributed by the slags during the manufacture process will be studied.
Analyses and measurements will be used to clarify the amounts of harmful materials.
Also the thermodynamic calculations will be made.
Personnel working with research, development and production participated in the
survey. Especially important is the contribution of the operating staff, because the
utilization of slags as a part of the production must be integrated in an optimal way
within the nickel and copper production.
Partners in the project are Boliden Harjavalta Oy, Outokumpu Research Centre and
Environmental Technology within Process Industry at Helsinki University of Technology.The project is nanced by Outokumpu Research Centre, Boliden Harjavalta Oy
and TEKES (National Technology Agency of Finland). The duration of the project is
about two years and it will be completed by the end of 2005.
28
3.4
CIRU CENTRE:
Todays Residues are Tomorrows Products
Research
Our main focus of the research is to reduce the amount of wastes by increasing
residues usability. The best solution is to nd a process where residue can be feed
material, without signicant loss of efciency.
Development
The processes which produce less and more usable residues are developed for
producers. Because of our educational process background it is comfortable for
us to study our customers processes and that way ensure the effectiveness and
ecologiness.
Advise
Residue users have to know what kind of material they are going to have and we
want to advise them.We have extensive research laboratories for investigating physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of residues.
Guidance
Guidance for producers and users targeting the best use of residues by measuring
the efciency of production and friendliness to the environment.
We want to help Finnish process industry and environmental authorities to get rid
of wastes by reusing all side materials as a raw-material. Todays residues are tomorrows products.
30
4.1
4.1.3 TGA
The device measures weight changes in a material as a function of temperature and
time in a controlled atmosphere.
Flow Control
- Brooks mass ow meter 5858S CO2 0 - 2 l /min accuracy 0.01 l /min
- Brooks mass ow meter 5858S CO 0 - 10 l /min accuracy 0.05 l /min
Balances
- Mettler-toledo AG204, sensitivity 0,1mg, max weight is 210 g. Purchased 1998.
- Denver TL 4102D, sensitivity is 0,01g, max weight is 4100 g. Purchased 1999.
- Denver APX200, sensitivity is 0,1mg, max weight is 200 g. Purchased 2003.
Furnaces
- The homemade furnaces maximum working temperature is 1400 C. The inside
diameter of the working tube is 25 mm. This is equipped with LAND lancom series
II CO,CO2,O2 gas analyzer.
- The SiC furnaces maximum working temperature is 1500 C.The inside diameter
of the working tube is 30 mm.
-The Entech ETF 75-125 / 18-V furnaces working tube inside diameter is 105 mm
and its maximum working temperature is 1800 C. It was purchased in 2002.
Cameras
The B&W Camera is an AD C660 1/3 ccd 768 x 494 pixels, the lens is a Dyotar
DY135. The colour Camera is a Canon DM-MV1 digital video camera.
32
Furnaces
The SiC furnaces maximum working temperature is 1550 C. The inside diameter
of the working tube is 30 mm. A sample is made from powder, then pressed into
the cylinder, 4 mm in diameter and the sample plate is usually sawn into 4 mm thick
10 mm x 10 mm squares. NaberSupertherm HT08/18 furnaces maximum working
temperature is 1750 C.
4.2
OTHERS
4.2.1 Watermodels
The models visualize phenomenon taking place inside a converter / ladle, like steel
/ slag ow during a blowing session and wear and tear of refractory materials. The
watermodels were purchased between 1997-2004.
4.2.6 Microscopes
An Olympus polarizing microscope BX51P and an Olympus research stereomicroscope SZX9 with DP-12 camera and DP-software.The microscopes were purchased
in 2001.
34
4.3
PUBLICATIONS 2004
5.1
PAPERS
36
5.2
Angerman, Mikko
2nd International Conference & Exhibition on New Developments in Metallurgical Process
Technology.In: Riva del Garda, Italy, 19-21 September 2004
Angerman, Mikko
Iron and Steel Production Process and Plant Simulations with Factory Simulation
Tool.In: Scanmet II 2nd International Conference on Process Development in Iron and
Steelmaking. 6-9 June 2004, Lule, Sweden. P 193.
Hrkki, Jouko
Mathematical Model of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Steel Belt Sintering Process. In
Tenth International ferroalloys congress transformation through technology 1-4 February 2004. Cape Town, South Africa. Pp. 586-592.
Gornostayev, Stanislav
Mineral Matter in Coke. In: Blast Furnace Seminar, 30-31 March 2004, University of
Oulu, Finland, http://cc.oulu./~pometwww/BF04/
Makkonen, Hannu
The OPTIDUST project: Optimised Recycling of Steel Plants Dusts. In Waste Minimization and Resources Use Optimization Conference 10th June 2004 University of
Oulu, Finland. Pp 139-142.
5.3
REPORTS
5.4
38
THESIS
6.1
DOCTORS THESES
Fabritius, Timo
Luomala, Matti
6.2
Isoknt, Simo
Karhumaa,Teemu
Krkkinen, Maija
Kasala, Markku
Kivilompolo, Laura
Leinonen,Virpi
Nrhi, Lauri
Palosaari, Janne
Rainto, Ilkka
PRO GRADU
Krn, Aki
Rimpinen,Tiina
40
CONFERENCE VISITS
Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
6th Annual Workshop on Computational Thermochemistry. GTT-Technologies.
Herzogenrath. 26-28.5.2004.
Waste Minimization and Resources Use Optimization Conference. Oulun yliopisto.
Oulu. 10.6.2004.
Korroosio-workshop. Oulun yliopisto. Oulu. 2-3.12.2004.
Jouko Hrkki
Metal Separation Technologies III, Symposium in Honor of Professor Lauri E.
Holappa of Helsinki Institute of Technology, Copper Mountain, Colorado, 2024.6.2004
Mikko Angerman
2nd International Conference & Exhibition on New Developments in Metallurgical
Process Technology, Riva del Garda, Italy, 19-21.9.2004
CONTACT INFORMATION
Address:
UNIVERSITY OF OULU
Department of Process and Environmental Engineering
Laboratory of Process Metallurgy
P.O. Box 4300
FI-90014 UNIVERSITY OF OULU
FINLAND
Fax: +358 8 553 2339
Email:
rstname.lastname@oulu.
e.g. jouko.harkki@oulu.
Internet:
http://cc.oulu./~pometwww/
Contact Persons:
Professor Mr. Jouko Hrkki
jouko.harkki@oulu.
tel +358 8 553 2424
Research Manager Mr. Timo Farbritius
timo.fabritius@oulu.
tel +358 8 553 2421
Laboratory Manager Mr. Riku Mattila
riku.mattila@oulu.
tel +358 8 553 2425
Senior Assistant Mr. Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen
eetu.heikkinen@oulu.
tel- +358 8 553 2559
Project Secretary Ms. Berith Zinovjev
berith.zinovjev@oulu.
tel +358 8 553 2553
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