GITAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY: VISAKHAPATNAM

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Academic Plan
For
B. Tech (Electronics and Communication Engineering)
V Semester

Digital Communications
2016- 2017

Overview of the course

Digital communication systems are basic workhorses behind the information age.
Examples include the Internet, wireless systems such as cellular and Wi-Fi , wire line DSL,
compact discs, etc. This course is an introduction to the basic principles underlying the
design and analysis of digital communication systems.
This course aims at understanding the basic digital communication system operation
and its importance in the present-day scenario. It introduces the concept of Digital
communication and describes why emphasis is being placed on Digital systems in present
day communication. It brings out the advantages of digital communication in signal
representation, transmission and detection. Various salient features of the course are outlined
below.
The concepts of Sampling, Quantisation and Encoding of signals are dealt with in
detail.
Transmission of digital data through baseband channel for small distance
communication using raised cosine pulses (to minimize ISI)
Modulation techniques used in Wireless and satellite communications such as
BPSK, QPSK, QAM, FSK etc are described. A comparison of various Digital
Modulation techniques is provided.
The concepts of Matched Filter detection and correlation detection are explained.
The concept of probability of error and decision techniques to minimize the BER
in the detection of binary signals in the presence of White Gaussian Noise is
described. Non coherent demodulation and differential detection are introduced.
Introduces the concept of Information Theory which is very important in
understanding channel capacity and error correction coding. Various coding
methods such as Linear Block Codes, Cyclic codes and convolution codes are
described.

Syllabus
EUREC502/EIREC502: DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT I
Pulse Modulation: Sampling Process, Pulse-Amplitude Modulation, Pulse- Position
Modulation, Completing the Transition from Analog to Digital, Quantization
Process, Pulse-Code Modulation, Delta Modulation, Differential Pulse-Code
Modulation, Line Codes, Theme Examples.
UNIT II
Baseband Data Transmission: Baseband Transmission of Digital Data, The
Intersymbol Interference Problem, The Nyquist Channel, Raised-Cosine Pulse
Spectrum, Baseband Transmission of M-ary Data, The Eye Pattern, Theme
Example: Equalization
UNIT III
Digital Band-Pass Modulation Techniques: Some Preliminaries, Binary AmplitudeShift Keying, Phase-Shift Keying, Frequency-Shift Keying, Summary of Three
Binary Signaling Schemes, Noncoherent Digital Modulation Schemes, M-ary
Digital Modulation Schemes, Mapping of Digitally Modulated Waveforms onto
Constellations of Signal Points, Theme Examples.
UNIT IV
Noise in Digital Communications: Bit Error Rate, Detection of a Single Pulse in
Noise, Optimum Detection of Binary PAM in Noise, Optimum Detection of BPSK,
Detection of QPSK and QAM in Noise, Optimum Detection of Binary FSK,
Differential Detection in Noise, Summary of Digital Performance.
UNIT V
Information Theory: Uncertainty, Information and Entropy, Source Coding
Theorem, Data compaction, Discrete Memoryless channels, Mutual Information,
Channel Capacity, Channel coding theorem, Differential Entropy. Error Control
Coding: Rationale for coding, Linear Block Codes, Cyclic Codes, Convolutional
Codes, Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes, Sequential
Decoding.

B.Tech (ECE)
Subject:
Code:
Credits:
Department:

Digital communications
EUREC 502/ EIREC 502
3
ECE

V Semester
Section:
Common to all
Categories:
CE
No. of hours: 4Th + 1Th Hour per week
Academic Year: 2016-2017

Instruction plan
Lecture

Topic(s) to be covered
Unit-I

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

No of Hrs

Assignment/
Mid Exam

Pulse Modulation

Introduction

Sampling process

Sampling process (contd)

Pulse amplitude modulation

Pulse position modulation

Quantization process

Pulse code modulation

Delta modulation

Delta modulation (contd)

Differentiation pulse code modulation

Theme Examples

Problems

13.

Unit-II
Baseband Data Transmission
Baseband Transmission of Digital Data - Introduction

14.

The Inter symbol Interference Problem

15.

The Nyquist Channel

16.

Raised-Cosine Pulse Spectrum

1
1
2
1

Assignment I

17.

Baseband Transmission of M-ary Data

18.

The Eye Pattern

19.

Theme Example: Equalization

20.

Problems

1
1
2
1

08.08.2016 to 10.08.2016

21.

Unit-III
Digital (Band Pass) Modulation techniques
Some Preliminaries

22.

Binary Amplitude-Shift Keying

23.

Phase-Shift Keying

24.

Phase-Shift Keying(contd)

25.

Frequency-Shift Keying,

26.

Summary of Three Binary Signaling Schemes

27.

Non coherent Digital Modulation Schemes

28.

Non coherent Digital Modulation Schemes(contd)

29.

M-ary Digital Modulation Schemes

30.
31.

Mapping of Digitally Modulated Waveforms onto Constellations

of Signal Points
Theme Examples

32.

Problems

33.

Unit IV
Noise in Digital Communications
Bit Error Rate

34.

Detection of a Single Pulse in Noise

35.

Optimum Detection of Binary PAM in Noise

36.

Optimum Detection of BPSK

37.

Detection of QPSK and QAM in Noise

38.

Detection of QPSK and QAM in Noise(contd)

39.

Optimum Detection of Binary FSK

Assignment II
Mid I

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
2
1
1
1
1
1

Assignment III

40.

Differential Detection in Noise

41.

Summary of Digital Performance

1
1

15.09.2016 to 17.09.2016

42.

Unit V
Information Theory
Information Theory: Uncertainty, Information and Entropy

43.

Source Coding Theorem

44.

Data compaction

45.

Discrete Memoryless channels & Mutual Information

46.
47.

Channel Capacity, Channel coding theorem & Differential

Entropy
Error Control Coding: Rationale for coding

48.

Linear Block Codes

49.

Linear Block Codes Problems

50.

Cyclic Codes

51.

Convolution codes, problems

52.

Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes,

53.

Sequential Decoding.

54.

Problems

Assignment IV
Mid II

1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1

31.10.2016 to 02.11.2016

Total Classes

Assignment V
Mid III

60

Text Books:
1. Simon Haykin, Michael Moher, An Introduction to Analog and Digital
Communications, 2nd Edition, Wiley Publications, 2006
2. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, Fourth Edition, Wiley
India, 2001.
Reference Books:
1. John G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 5/e, Tata Mcgraw Hill
Publications, 2010.

2. John Proakis and Salehi, Fundamentals of Communication Systems,

Pearson Education, 2005
3. Herbert Taub & Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, Tata
McGraw Hill publications, 2007 revised edition
4. Bruce Carlson, Paul B. Crilly, Janet C. Rutledge, Communication
Systems, Fourth Edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill publications, 2005.
5. P. Ramakrishna Rao, Digital Communications, Tata McGrawhill,
India, 2011

Learning Resources:
NPTEL

Digital Communication - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101051/

Digital Communication - http://nptel.ac.in/courses/117105077/

SATISHKASHYAPDigital Communication - http://www.satishkashyap.com/2013/03/video-lectureson-digital.html

MIT OCW - Principles of Digital Communication
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-450principles-of-digital-communications-i-fall-2006/video-lectures/

Course objectives :
The objective of the course is to
1. Represent of analog signal into digital signal using Sampling technique, Quantization and
Encoding.
2. Understand the evolution of Differential PCM and Delta Modulation strategies.
3. Study the Inter Symbol Interference and methods to mitigate its effect.
4. Study the evolution of various Digital Modulation Techniques such as BASK, BPSK, QPSK,
BFSK.
5. Study the DPSK, Coherent & Non Coherent detection methods and M-ary Systems.
6. Analyze of Different Modulation techniques.
7. Assess the influence of Noise in Digital communications.
8. Calculate of Probability of Error in different digital modulation techniques.
9. Understand the motive for source and channel encoding.
10. Study Shannons important theorems and study of efficient source codes.
11. Understand Error Control Coding methods for reliable digital transmission.

Course Outcomes :
Upon successful completion of the course, the student should be able to
1. draw the block diagram of a digital communication system and identify the role of different
blocks in the communication process.
2. describe the sampling of analog signals and their reconstruction in time and frequency
domain.
3. explain the time division multiplexing of analog telephone signals using pulse code
modulation.

4. derive the matched filter (for a given transmit pulse) for maximizing the SNR at the output of
the receiver.
5. derive the nyquist criterion for distortionlless baseband transmission.
6. distinguish between band-limited and powerlimited systems and their constraints.
7. describe the different carrier modulation schemes and compare their BER performance and
bandwidth requirements
8. compare the performance of different modulation schemes in the presence of noise
9. derive optimum receivers for reception of PAM, QPSK, QAM signals
10. explain the rationale for error control coding and list the different classes of channel coding
schemes
11. describe the generation and decoding of linear block codes and convolutional codes.