METHYLPHENIDATE

INTRODUCTION:
I have chosen the methylphenidate drug for my presentation.

DEFINTION:
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
It is the scientific studies of the effects of drug have a mood, sensation, thinking and
behaviour. It is distinguished from neuro psychopharmacology.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT:

Central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drugs act by increasing activity in the brain, which
increases wakefulness and mental alertness. Their main use is in the treatment ofnarcolepsy,
a disorder in which a person experiences recurrent episodes of involuntary sleep during the
day. Some CNS stimulants, including atomoxetine and methylphenidate, are used to improve
the attention span of children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Eg: Methylphenidate, Atomoxetine, Caffeine, Dexamfetamine and Modafinil.

HISTORY OF DRUG:
First synthesized in 1944, the Ritalin formula was improved in 1950, and by 1954 it
was being tested on humans. In 1957, Ciba Pharmaceutical Company began marketing
MPH as Ritalin to treat chronic fatigue, depression, psychosis associated with
depression, narcolepsy, and to offset the sedating effects of other medications.
It was used into the 1960s to try to counteract the symptoms of barbiturate overdose.
For a short time MPH was sold in combination with other products, particularly a tonic

of MPH, hormones and vitamins, marketed as Ritonic in 1960, intended to improve

mood and maintain vitality.
Research on the therapeutic value of Ritalin began in the 1950s, and by the 1960s,
interest focused on the treatment of "hyperkinetic syndrome," which would eventually
be called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

DRUG IDENTITY:
Trade name: retalin.
Functional class: CNS stimulant
Chemical class: piperdine derivatives.

AVAILABILITY:
It is available as
tablet, capsule, adhesive-based matrix transdermal system (patch), and oral
suspension (liquid syrup).
Child: 0.25mg/kg/day. Adult: 5 10mg/day.
Adult: PO- Narcolepsy- 20-30 mg/day in divided doses. Effective range: 10-60 mg/day.

PHRAMACOKINETIC:
1. Absorption:
Ritalin LA produces a bi-modal plasma concentration-time profile (i.e., two distinct
peaks approximately four hours apart) when orally administered to children

2. Distribution:
Binding to plasma proteins is low. The volume of distribution was 1.800.91 L/kg for
methylphenidate.

3. Metabolism:
Methylphenidate.is extensively metabolized in the liver

4. Excretion:

Methylphenidate and its metabolites are eliminated via urine and feces

PEAK HOUR: 3-4hrs.

DRUG INTERACTIONS:
Taking MAO inhibitors with this medication may cause a serious (possibly fatal) drug
interaction. Avoid taking MAO inhibitors (isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue,
moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine) during
treatment with this medication.
Most MAO inhibitors should also not be taken for two weeks before treatment with this
medication. Ask your doctor when to start or stop taking this medication.
Methylphenidate is very similar to dexmethylphenidate. Do not use medications
containing dexmethylphenidate while using methylphenidate.
This medication may interfere with certain medical/laboratory tests (including brain
scan for Parkinson's disease), possibly causing false test results.