High speed cutting powder steel VANADIS 23

VANADIS 23 is a chromium-molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium alloyed high speed

steel which is characterized by: high compressive strength, high wear resistance (abrasive
profile), good toughness, very good through-hardening properties, very good temper
resistance, very good dimensional stability on heat treatment. This powder metallurgical tool
steel offering an excellent combination of wear resistance and toughness.
High wear resistance is often associated with low toughness and vice-versa. In fact ,
both high wear resistance and toughness are essential for optimal tooling performance.
Toolmaking with highly alloyed tool steels means that machining and heat treatment are often
more of a problem than with the lower alloy grades. This can, of course, increase the cost of
toolmaking. The powder manufacturing way used for VANADIS 23 means that its
machinability is improved preferable to that of similar conventionally produced grades and
some highly alloyed cold work tool steels. The dimensional stability of VANADIS 23 in heat
treatment is excellent and predictable compared to conventionally produced high alloy steels.
This, coupled with its high hardness, good toughness and high temperature tempering, means
that VANADIS 23 is very suitable for surface coating, in particular for PVD
VANADIS 23 is especially suitable for blanking and forming of thinner work
materials where a mixed (abrasiveadhesive) or abrasive type of wear is encountered and
where the risk for plastic deformation of the working surfaces of the tool is high. Applications
for this tool steel are : plastics processing parts, e.g. feed screws, barrel liners, nozzles, screw
tips, non-return check ring valves, pelletizer blades, granulator knives. Blanking of harder
materials such as hardened or cold-rolled strip steels. Blanking of medium to high carbon
steels. Plastics mold tooling subjected to abrasive wear conditions.
Some cold-work tools are given a surface treatment in order to reduce friction and
increase tool wear resistance. The most commonly used treatments are nitriding and surface
coating with wear-resistant layers of titanium carbide and titanium nitride (CVD, PVD).
VANADIS 23 have been found to be particularly suitable for titanium carbide and titanium
nitride coatings. The uniform carbide distribution in VANADIS 23 facilitates bonding of the
coating and reduces the spread of dimensional changes resulting from hardening. This,
together with its high strength and toughness, makes VANADIS 23 an ideal substrate for
high-wear surface coatings.
Nitriding is a brief immersion in a special salt bath to produce a nitrided diffusion
zone of 220 m which is recommended. This reduces the friction on the envelope surface of
punches and has various other advantages.
PVD Physical vapor deposition, PVD, is a method of applying a wear-resistant coating
at temperatures between 390930F (200500C). As VANADIS 23 is high temperature
tempered at 1040F (560C) there is no danger of dimensional changes during PVD coating
Chemical vapor deposition, CVD, is used for applying wear-resistant surface coatings
at a temperature of around 1830F (1000C). It is recommended that the tools should be
separately hardened and tempered in a vacuum furnace after surface treatment.

Hardness
after
Average temperature
hardening
and
C
tempering

(AISI M3:2/W.-Nr 1.3344)

Chemical properties in (%)
Grade of
Steel
C
Vanadis 23

1,28

V
3.1

Cr
4,2

W
6.4

Mo
5.0

Colour code
Violet

Hardening Temperin
g
810 - 830 150 - 260
C
C

HRC

60

High speed cutting steel SW7M

The name "high speed cutting steels" comes from the fact that they are used in the
manufacture of cutting tools, working at high cutting speeds or when large sections of the
chip. Working in such conditions is a cause very strong warm-up tools, even the temperature
of red heat, friction of the cut material. High hardness and abrasion resistance gives constant
high hard shear and not softened under the influence of the tempering matrix, which contains
hard carbides.
Steel SW7M is a standard grade of high speed cutting steel. It requires to preserve the
shape and hardness of up to + 600 C. This characteristic is accomplished by the use of
alloying elements - chromium atoms 0,75-1,3% 3.5-5.0% 6-19% tungsten, vanadium 1,04,8%, molybdenum 3.0 to 10 %, and in some species also 4,5-10,0% cobalt, and a suitable
heat treatment. In the annealing process which is made in order to the alloying additives into
compounds formed with coal, so-called. carbides, which largely have to dissolve in the ferrite.
This requires a very careful and long-term treatment.
SW7M characterized by high strength and good cutting properties, high malleability,
toughness and abrasion resistance. This excellent high speed cutting steel can be applied to
most of the tools for roughing and finishing metal such as twist drills, all kinds of end mills,
taps, dies, pull broaches, push broaches, reamers, countersinks, comb knives to thread,
segments blades for circular saw blades, shaping tools, tools for wood. Moreover, it is
appropriate species to perform with it the tools to work in the cold, such as punches, stamps
and dies, as well as cutting tools, molds for plastics with improved wear resistance and screws
and bolts.
In mass production of these tools a prospective trend towards increasing their life and
reliability: are nitriding processes in low-temperature plasma at cathode potential as well as in
plasma zone. These processes enable complete control of the microstructure, phase and
chemical composition of created diffusion layers, state of their internal stresses, surface
topography, hardness and fatigue strength. The nitriding processes in low-temperature plasma
at temperature 420500C enables creation of diffusion layers with release of chromium
nitride characterized by good wear resistance, low friction factor and increased corrosion
resistance.

Alloyed steel for quenching and tempering 40H

In cases which do not allow the use of carbon steel due to the small hardenability or
too low strength properties, is used alloyed structural steel for quenching and tempering.
Steel 40H chromed steel for quenching and tempering and surface hardening; hardly
weldable, easy in mechanical processing. This steel is containing 0.3 - 0.5% C and also a
small addition of alloying elements as Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Si. Steel are carried out most parts of
machinery, vehicles and construction. Improving of this steel provides a high ratio Re / Rm
preserving high malleability, and the greater the amount of alloying elements, the better
hardenability.
Heat treatment of this alloy steel consists of quenching in oil temperature of
820-950 C and tempering usually in the range of 500-650 C. Sorbitol is obtained by
composed of ferrite and very fine alloy carbides. The mechanical properties of the steel
depends on the carbon content and alloy elements and the annealing temperature. Lower
temperature annealing allows high mechanical properties of the inferior arts and vice versa,
depending on the application requirements. The most important criterion for the use of this
alloy steel is hardenability
From steel 40H in the quenched and tempered condition are taking a medium tension
of elements which are used in the construction of motor vehicles, such as crankshafts, front
axles, knuckles, small parts of the fuel pumps, gears, levers, connecting rods, bolts, nuts,
cylinder liners, the intake valves, combustion engines, and in the construction of turbine
rotors and discs or wheel rims toothed gear. This steel is also used for shafts, pins, etc. surface
hardened parts after heat treatment. This material have so high mechanical strength, resistance
to fatigue and abrasive wear.

Table of chemical characteristic?

Tool alloyed steel NC-6

Tool steels are used for the production of tools. Items used for separation and grinding
materials and broadcasting shape by machining or mechanical working. Good quality of tools,
which is the basis of any modern production, is the correct tool construction, an appropriate
choice of tool steel and appropriate heat treatment. Technically and economically justified the
selection of steel, taking into account working conditions of the tool is possible on the basis of
characteristics of individual steel sheets contained in the material, standards and catalogs.
All tool steels are steels of higher quality, produced modern metallurgical methods,
which ensure the reduction quantities of gases and impurities and to increase the uniformity of
the chemical composition and the structure of the steel. Both of these factors influence
decisively on the properties steel utility.
NC6 tool alloyed chrome-vanadium steel for cold work. Tool alloyed steel for cold
work is intended to tools operating at temperatures not exceeding 200 - 250 C.
This is a high carbon steel which containing of 0.75 - 2.10% carbon, or of medium containing
about 0.5% carbon. Addition elements are chromium, vanadium and tungsten, and also there
are Mn, Si, Ni and Mo. Their sum does not exceed ten percent. This steel is used for tools for
machining and forming that can only slightly heat up during the operation. This type of steel
is also used for the production of devices of measurements. From the steel when for cold work
process required that it kept its properties to a temperature of 200 C. Steel hardenability of
medium and high hardness, good machinability and wear resistance. It is characterized by low
tendency to warp and dimensional changes during hardening and little ductility and resistance
to tempering. Steel used for tools and equipment for cutting and cutting thickness up to 15
mm, as taps, dies, reamers, end mills cutting of files, drill machines, gauges, dies for deep
drawing cold plate cutting dies.
The properties of alloy tool steel after quenching and tempering depend largely on the
austenitizing temperature, which is closely related to the degree of saturation of the solid
solution (austenite) alloying elements and the subsequent precipitation of secondary carbides
during tempering. The main alloying elements in tool steels for cold work are: Cr, W, V. These
additives impart high hardenability of the steel and fine grain structure, provide a high
strength properties, particularly high abrasion resistance by the formation of alloy carbides
with high hardness and dispersion. These carbides are not completely dissolved during
heating for hardening, whereby prevent proliferation austenite grains, thereby providing fine
grain steel.

Average
temperature

PN-86/ H-85023
Chemical properties in (%)
Grade
of
Steel

C
NC-6

Mn

Si

Cu

Cr

Ni

Mo

1,30 0,40 0,15 max max max 1,30 max max

1,45 0,70 0,40 0,030 0,030 0,35 1,65 0,35 0,20

Hardeni Temperin
ng
g
V 0,10-0,25
810 - 150 - 260
W max 0,20 830 C
C

Hardness
after
hardening
and
tempering
HRC

Additions

60