Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 9
Joints = Articulations
Where ANY bones come together
Developed by
John Gallagher, MS, DVM
Classification of Joints
1.
Function
1.
2.
Based on ROM
Structure
1.
Based on structure
and whether there
is a joint cavity
1. Functional Classification of
Joints
1) Synarthrosis (no movement)
Almost
no movement, little CT
E.g, Sutures in calvarium
2.
Cartilaginous
E.g.,
3.
Sutures
Ligamentous attachments
Minimal movement
E.g., distal tibia to distal fibula
Teeth
Periodontal ligament
2. Cartilaginous = Union by
cartilage
Synchondrosis
Epiphyseal plates
May become
synostosis
Symphysis
Fibrocartilage
Intervertebral Disks,
symphysis pubis
Articular Cartilage
1.
2.
3.
Hyaline
Synovial Fluid
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nourishes
Cushions
Lubricates
Joint Capsule
Reinforcing Ligaments
Nerves and blood
supply
3. Synovial, contd
Joint Stability
Depends
Shape
on:
of articular surfaces
Supporting Ligaments
Muscle Tone
Tendons
Ligaments
Angular motion :
Rotation
Special Movements
Supination, Pronation
Radius/ulna
Elevation, depression
Eversion, Inversion
Table 9.4
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Saddle joint
Representative Articulations
Temporomandibular Joint
Intervertebral articulations
Intervertebral discs:
(Amphiarthroses)
Most frequently
dislocated
Stability
provided by
rotator cuff
Stabilization:
Extracapsular and
intracapsular ligaments
(ligamentum teres =
ligamentum capitis
femoris)
Extensive surrounding
musculature
Knee
More Knee
Cruciate ligaments
Collateral ligaments
(extracapsular)
Fat Pads
Anterior
Posterior
Twisting
8X more common in
women
Hormones
Strength
Geometry
Surgery is optional
Several techniques
Post-op period
Hinge Joint