Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thippawan Phetrak
I. INTRODUCTION
Fig. 2. The diagram of the biogas system for wastewater treatment of pigs
Fig. 4. Biodiesel from biodiesel produce of vegetable oils and animal fats
where
P
F
i
n
A
B p = Ps Ts Vs BY
(1)
where
minister = 2,700 kg / d
Ts is the amount of solid wastewater from the pig farm
minister = 8%
Vs is volatile solid in a solid = 80%
The calculation of the rate of biogas production per day:
CM S
Ei
(5)
Ce =
Initialinvestment
The average annual net return
(2)
where
NPV =
t 1
t 1
Bt Ct
(6)
where
1. The money value for now and the money value of the
future, when event is paid only once.
2. Find the money value for now revenue or expenses that
occur each year.
Thus, consider with the following equations are given by
P =
F
(1 i ) n
(3)
overall =
(7)
and
(1 i ) n 1)
P = A
i (1 i ) n
(4)
SFC =
Vf
Fuel volumeflow rate
=
Electricalpower output
Po
(8)
Bt
B/C = t 1
n
(9)
Ct
t 1
1 kt t
R
= 1
(10)
t 1
when Rt = Bt Ct
IV. OPERATING RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Testing for Fermentation
This research evaluated the potential of economics cost for
electricity generation in community using renewable energy of
biogas fuel from organic agricultural weeds and animal waste
manure. The researchers have started to study the potential of
the raw materials used fermented into biogas in the year 2016
a month from January to May, which can be shown to concept
idea structure of operating researches shown in Fig. 5. There is
operating step as follows:
1. From the amount from debris, weeds organic agriculture
to be used to produce biogas.
2. Storage data from volume of organic agricultural weeds
on each day. The median duration of the retention period is the
second time that morning and afternoon.
3. Storage of manure that occurs each day, by studying the
behavior of all animals with surveys and checks the number of
animals. Data collected from all animals were weighed to
determine the average amount per animal per one day and pig
manure mixed with sewage.
4. The amount of energy used to produce fuel for biogas
are study the possibility of weeds agriculture and animal dung.
5. There is the understanding to principle stores of the raw
material and the size and shape of bin ferments.
Starting from the wet or dry manure mixed with water, and
then put into the compost bin volume 28% of body using PVC
pipe. The Rams then spread the dung thoroughly. Compost
manure as a feedstock in the tank for about 10-15 days, then
add water to about 70% of the tank, which is located at the
level of the overflow tank, can add scraps, weeds or dung to
produce gas next. In the first few ingredients should be added
to the daily gas consumption of around 1-3 kg, but should not
exceed 4 kg per day, when used infrequently fill can add more,
but not more than 10 kg, when filled with a PVC pipe. Dig up
-make rag weed spread. Digestion to produce biogas takes 24
hours. Gas formed initially to leave before stick to light or
hard. Because there is much carbon dioxide and fermentation
biogas from the tank until the second spot light will can be to
increases energy efficiency in the biogas production.
C. The Test Method for Performance of Diesel Engine
In Test the performance of the electricity generation used
by the biogas and biomass fuels. The engines are used in this
experiment: Shandong Lvhuan, Model No. LHBMG100, when
the engines can work will fuel consumption is the fourth type
Diesel, B20, B50 and B100 respectively, will have to study in
order to understand of engine performance such as efficiency,
torque, power energy, speed and fuel consumption, etc. Then
proceed with the installation of measuring devices and load as
shown in Fig. 7. Test methods begin by gas and air mixture to
the diesel engine inlet stroke and BAME vacuum. (On the air
and gas were flowing through the filter and flow measurement
equipment, while the ratio between air and biogas fuels can be
adjusted using the control valve), when the engine is starting
at idle, after that, the engine is accelerated to 3,000 rpm, which
is the function of the generator. Meanwhile, the exhaust gas
emitted from the engine. Adjust the ratio between gas and air.
The composition of the exhaust gases to reasonable levels.
After that, it will supply power to the load [4].
D. The equipment used for test
For test the performance of the diesel engine to produce
power electricity, this equipment and measuring instruments,
as follows:
1. Diesel Engine: Model No. LHBMG100
2. Generator 2.2 kW 220 V 50 Hz @ 3,000 rpm
3. Electrical Load 20 bulb @ 100 kW
4. Laminar Air Flowmeter (Tech Equipment)
5. Biogas Rota-meter (Dwyer)
6. Biogas-Air Mixing Equipment (BAME)
7. Exhaust gas analyzer (CODA)
8. Tachometer (Suzuki)
Fig. 5. Diagram to concept idea structure of operating researches for electricity generation
1,324,530
= 1 year, 3 month
1,236,715.75
Fig.10. The specific fuel consumption of the engine at torque 280 N-m
290
235
121
190
31,025
36,500
12,410
27,375
1.29
1.52
0.517
1.14
Total
836
107,310
4.47
0
1
2
3
Total
Fig.8. The power of the engine using diesel fuel with speed
Return of an
investment: B
(Baht/year)
0
1,236,715.75
1,236,715.75
1,236,715.75
3,710,147.25
Costs : C
(Baht/year)
1,324,530
748,352
748,352
748,352
3,569,586
Net profit
B-C
(Baht/year)
-1,324,530
498,457.98
498,457.98
498,457.98
170,843.94
NPV
B-C
(Baht)
-1,324,530
491,075.52
436,784.16
412,318.36
15,648.04
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that the amount of biogas produced
from pig farms smaller. The amount of pig animal manure and
agricultural weeds that occur each day. Biogas can be used as
an alternative fuel for diesel engines, gas oil with a generator to
produce electricity. The results showed that the performance of
the diesel engine efficiency was 59.8% with power generation
system using biogas and biomass as fuel. Maximum power
output is 36 kW or engine power produced by the engine is
reduced with the use of biogas. The specific fuel consumption
rate is 18.35 liter/min per 1 kW, and within a payback period of
1 year, 3 month, increase energy efficiency that is collecting in
the biogas is the energy cost reduction has 65.8 %.
Fig.9. The torque with engine performance using diesel fuel
[3]
REFERENCES
[1] Sommask Kalloung and et.al, Techno-economic assessment of biogas
fuels in engine., E-NETT 2, Nakhon Ratchasima, 27-29 July, 2006.
[2] Kiattisak Nikhomchaipraset, A study on efficiency and pollution of
speed engine.,A Thesis of Master Eng., Nakhon Ratchasima, 2009.