BROCK UNIVERSITY APPLIED SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICES DEPARTMENT

Lab Report

EXPERIMENT NO : 1
TITLE

: Calibration of volumetric glassware, Standardization of 0.1 M HCl and

Statistical analysis of experimental Result

Submitted by

: Krishna Patel

Class

: CHEM 2P42

Partners

:-

Instructor(TA)

: Mike Colgan

Date lab performed : September 20,2016

Date of submission: September 27, 2016

Introduction: Any experiment that uses the instrument in lab and have quantitative data are able
to produce some kind of error. It is necessary to deal with errors in experiment try and able to
reduce it by using correct technique and expressing it properly. So statistical analysis of data is
necessary to help interpret our result and it help to know up to what extent our results are correct
or where it falls compare to original data. So in this experiment the we will be providing by 0.1
M HCl to determine the concentration of this stock solution by the mean of titration. The data
should be recorded on the table and this will help to identify the value of concentration of
Standard HCl solution also the potential error in the value to determine what kind of error they
are systemic error and random errors. The systemic errors can be identified and they are usually
arrived from particular source so there can be instrumental error, method error and human error.
Random errors are not reproducible and can arise from various unknown source and they are
usually scatter around the Gaussian curve this all can be known using the statistical analysis.
Procedure:
All the glassware is clean and rinse before using it.
Take 3 clean Erlenmeyer flask and weigh them on analytical balance and rezero the
balance.
Using weighing bottle carefully obtain 0.21 to 0.22 g of Na2CO3 in three Erlenmeyer
flask.
Now add 25ml of distilled water to each of the flask and dissolve the Na2CO3 by
swirling them.
Add 5 drops of methyl orange indicator to each of the three flask and swirl them.
Now for titration, set up the burette and rinse with water using the burette funnel after
rinse again with 0.1 HCl solution.
Fill the burette 0.00 and 0.50 ml and make sure there is no air bubble present in tip of
burette and drain the solution for 20 seconds and then take initial reading.
Now do the calculation to know where would be the endpoint of titration for each flask.
Do quick titration to establish the approximate endpoint volume the end point is indicated
by the colour change from yellow to light orange.
Perform the titration for three more times and record the initial and final reading and also
the colour change during titration.
Prepare blank titration by titrating 50ml of 0.05M NaCl instead of carbonated titration.
Do not forget to add 5 drops of indicator while preparing blank.
Reagents: Sodium carbonate, methyl orange (indicator), 0.1M HCl as titrant, 0.05M
NaCl(blank)
Glassware: 250 ml Erlenmeyer (4) flasks, spatula, 50ml burette, 50ml cylindrical tube,
analytical balance, burette holder, 250ml beaker.
Relevant observation: Addition of 5 drop of methyl orange to 25ml Na2CO3 solution
change from pale to yellow. After titrating the solution with 0.1 HCl the endpoint turns to
pale Orange.
Data Table:

Weights of Na2CO3:
Weight of Na2CO3
on each flask
Weight 1
Weight 2
Weight 3

Initial

Final

0.0000g
0.0000g
0.0000g

Total
0.2138g
0.2105g
0.2118g

0.2138g
0.2105g
0.2118g

Titration Table:
Burette Volume
Initial Volume
Final Volume
Total Volume
Corrected
Volume

Reading 1
0.20 ml
38.20 ml
38.00 ml
37.89 ml

Reading 2
1.16 ml
37.84 ml
36.68 ml
36.57 ml

Reading 3
0.48 ml
36.87 ml
36.39 ml
36.28 ml

Blank
37.02 ml
37.13 ml
0.11 ml
0.11 ml

Calculations: (Rough Titration Volumes for three weights)

Volume of HCl (L)= g of Na2CO3 * 1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1
mole Na2CO3/[HCl]M
Volume of HCL 1: 0.2138 g Na2CO3*1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1
mole Na2CO3/0.1 M HCl= 40.3L=0.403 ml
Volume of HCL 2: 0.2105 g Na2CO3*1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1
mole Na2CO3/0.1M HCl= 39.7 L=0.397 ml
Volume of HCL 3: 0.2118 g Na2CO3*1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1
mole Na2CO3/0.1 M HCl= 39.9 L=0.399 ml
Molarity of HCL= g of Na2CO3 * 1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1
mole Na2CO3/Volume of HCL (L)
Replication# 1:
[HCl]=0.2138 g of Na2CO3 * 1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1 mole
Na2CO3/0.03789(L) {obtain from titration table} = 0.1065M
Replication# 2:
[HCl]=0.2105 g of Na2CO3 * 1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1 mole
Na2CO3/0.03657(L) {obtain from titration table} = 0.1086M
Replication# 3:
[HCl]=0.2118 g of Na2CO3 * 1 mole Na2CO3*2mole of HCl/105.989g Na2CO3 *1 mole
Na2CO3/0.03628(L) {obtain from titration table} = 0.1102M

Sample mean (): (xi)/N = 0.1065M+0.1086M+0.1102M/3= 0.1084M

{Xi-X (mean)2}:
For 1: (0.1065M-0.1084M)2=0.000003738
For 2: (0.1086M-0.1084M)2=0.000000028
For 3: (0.1102M-0.1084M)2=0.000003121
Std.Dev. (Moles /L): 0.0019 M
Confidence Interval: Mean t*S/N
Confidence Interval = 0.1084M4.30 * 0.0019M/3=0.1084+0.0047=0.11
= 0.1084-0.0047=0.10
Pooled Standard Deviation: 0.00151511
Data Analysis of Part 1:
A 2)

a balance door must be open while weighing the sample can cause error.
Temperature of the balance and the temperature of material is not same can cause
error.
The sample is continuously gaining or losing weight while recording the mass of
sample.
Air current present in lab can cause error in weighing.
Temperature variation in lab.
The balance is not re zero properly or not leveled properly on bench.
Vibration near weighing the sample can cause potential error
Not recalibrated the balance or not equilibrium to its surrounding.
A3) The exact capacity of analytical balance is 205 g and exact precision is 0.1 mg
A4) The Volumetric pipette has high accuracy of measuring the particular volume. It designs in
such a way that after the fluid is displayed the small drop of liquid remains on the tip and it is
allowed to touched the wall of the flask and given the half twist. Otherwise it does not give
correct reading. While the graduate pipette is used to measure the range of volume but its less
accurate and the correct volume is calculated by the difference in volume as the fluid flow should
be set at appropriate location
A5) CH30OH
Hazard: if inhaled causes headache, sleepiness, nausea, loss of consciousness, digestive and
visual disturbance and even death. Moderately irritation on skin, Causes mild eye irritant.
Swallowing may cause blindness or death. Long term exposure causes brain disorder blindness
and emphysema can cause dermal infection and cracking

Proper Handling: No smoking or open flame in storage, use or handling area. Use explosion
proof electrical equipment. Ensure proper electrical grounding procedure are in place
Waste disposal: Review federal, state and provincial government requirement prior to
disposal. Store material for disposal by controlled incineration or by secure land fill may be
acceptable
H2S04:
Waste disposal: Sulfuric acid may have placed in sealed container, dry sand, earth or similar
material. It can be diluted and neutralized. Be sure to consult local authorities before disposal.
Waste should be dispose in accordance too federal, state and local environmental control
regulation.
Handling: Keep in container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Never
add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory
equipment. If ingested seek medical help immediately. Avoid the contact with skin and eyes It
may also corrode metallic surface. Store in a metallic or coated fireboard during using a strong
polyethylene inner package.
Hazard: Substance may toxic to Kidney, lungs, heart, cardiovascular system, upper
respiratory tract, eyes, teeth. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce
target organ damage. Sever eye irritation and skin irritation, Bronchial infection attack by
prolong exposure. Tissue damage by spray mist particularly mucous membrane of eyes, mouth
and respiratory tract.
H202
Hazard: Corrosive to skin and eye. may cause conjunctivitis, Permeant damage, redness of
skin and even blistering. Causes sever respiratory irritation. Vapour causes pulmonary edema.
Expand oesophagus by high concentration of ingestion. Cause gastrointestinal burn and
aspiration in lungs du to ingestion.
Handling: Wash hand thoroughly after handling. Empty containers may contain hazardous
product residues. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid breathing vapor, never use
air pressure to empty the container.
Waste Disposal: Dispose of all waste must be done in accordance with municipal provincial
and federal regulation empty container should be recycled or disposed of through an
appropriate waste management facility
NACN
Hazard: May be fatal if swallowed or absorbed through skin. May cause severe eye irritation.
Suspected of damage fertility or the unborn child. Over exposure and repeated exposure
damages nerves system, kidney and adrenal and spleen.
Handling: Keep in dry container. Keep away from heat. Keep away from ignition. Empty
container poses a fire risk. Do not ingest. Do not breathe dust. Never add water to the product.

Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from the incompatible such as oxidizing agent,
acids and moisture
Waste Disposal: Waste must be disposed in accordance with federal, state and local
environment control regulation.
A6) Safety Shower is at the entrance slight left side. There is no fire blanket. There is eye wash
near each washing sink, Fire extinguisher is on the far left land side at corner from entrance. The
nearest lab exist is inniskillin hall on the right hand side while exiting from lab. Fume hoods are
at the back of the lab from entrance Flammable storage is on the left corner at back from
entrance. Acid storage at right hand corner in the lab. Oxidizing storage shelf on the back right
side of wall, first aid at the right hand side of entrance. Fire alarm are outside of the wall on the
upside of wall and the material safety data sheet is near the fire extinguisher.