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MATHEMATICS
DRILL-EXERCISE-1
ELEMENTRY INTEGRALS
If f and g are functions of x such that g ( x ) f ( x) then,
n
x dx
'
x n 1
c, n 1
n 1
ax
a dx ln a c (a 0)
2
xdx tan x c
2
cos ec xdx cot x c
|x|
e dx e
sin x dx cos x c
sec
x dx ln | x | c
x
dx sin 1 c
a
a x
1
dx
1
x
tan 1 c
2
a a
a
1
x
dx sec1 c
a
a
x a
Rules of Integration
(i)
a f ( x )dx a f ( x )dx
(ii)
x3 x2 x5
2.
(1 2x )3
x4
4.
x4 x2 1
2( x 2 1)
5.
5 cos x 3 sin x
7.
3 cos x 4
sin 2 x
8.
tan2 x
9.
10.
x 2 1
x2 1
3.
2
cos 2 x
(1 sin 2 x )
6.
cos 2 x
cos 2 x sin 2 x
ERCISE - 2
1.
3 3 2 2 5 5
x x x +C
4
3
8
2.
3.
x - 2 tan-1 x + C
4.
5.
7.
9.
1 3
( x 3 tan 1 x ) + C
6
6. - sec x cosec x + C
8. tan x - x + C
10. - cos x + sin x + C
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-2
Simplest form of integration by substitution
1
Rule : I f f ( x )dx F( x ) C , then f (ax b)dx F(ax b) C
a
1
Illustration 1: cos(3 4 x )dx sin(3 4 x ) C
4
Illustration 2 : Evaluate
Solution :
Let,
5x 3
dx
5x + 3 = t
5dx = dt So,
5x 3
dx
log | 5x 3 |
1 dt
1
= log | t | =
+c
5 t
5
5
(i)
(iv)
(i)
3.
(i)
(iv)
4.
(i)
5.
(i)
cos2 x
sin 5x sin 3x
sin4 x
1
ax b
(1 cos x )
dx
3x 4
dx
(2x 3)3
(ii)
(v)
(ii)
cos3 x
(iii)
cos x cos 2x cos 3x
cos4 x
sin 4x cos 2x
(ii)
cot (4x + 5)
(iii)
(v)
(ii)
(ii)
(1 cos x )
dx
5 2x
dx
(5 2x ) 2
(vi)
x
x
cos ec 2
2
2
sec(ax + b)
(iii)
(iii)
sec 2
3 2x
2dx
(3 2x )
dx
(i)
1
( x sin x cos x ) + C
2
(iii)
1
(cos 6 x 3 cos 2 x ) + C
12
(ii)
1
(9 sin x sin 3x ) + C
12
(iv)
1
( 4 sin 2 x sin 8x ) + C
16
(v)
1
(12 x 6 sin 2 x 3 sin 4 x 2 sin 6 x ) + C
48
2.
(i)
1
(12 x 8 sin 2 x sin 4 x ) + C
32
(ii)
1
(12 x 8 sin 2 x sin 4 x ) + C
32
3.
(i)
1
n (ax b) + C
a
(ii)
1
n sin( 4 x 5) + C
4
(iii) - 4 cot x + C
(v) 2 2 sin
x
+C
2
(iv) 2 2 cos
x
+C
2
4.
(i)
1
n (3x 4) + C
3
(ii)
1
n (5 2 x ) + C
2
(iii)
- n (3 - 2x) + C
5.
(i)
1
1
.
+C
4 (2 x 3) 2
(ii)
1 1
.
+C
3 5 3x
(iii)
1
1
.
+C
6 (3 2 x ) 3
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-3
Integration by substituion
f (t)dt exists.
put ex = t e x dx dt
Illustration 2: Evaluate :
Solution :
a3 x3
dx
x 3/ 2
Integral of the numerator =
3/ 2
Put x 3/ 2 t
We get I
2
dt
2
t
2
x
sin 1 3 / 2 c sin 1
3 a3 t 2 3
a
3
a
3/ 2
Derived Formulae
(ii)
(iv)
cos x
a b sin x
(v)
(vii)
ax n 1
bx n c
1
(viii) x n x[n (n x )]
(x)
2.
(i)
x2 tan x3
3.
(iv)
(i)
(iii)
tan (3x + 4)
sec (tan x) sec2 x
(ii)
sec (ax + b)
cosec (cosec x) cot x cosec x
1.
(iii)
ex ex
ex ex
(vi)
1
x n x
(ix)
1 tan x
1 tan x
(iii)
cot x
x
x2
1 x3
(ii)
(1 x 2 ) sin 1 x
sec 2 x
1 tan x
cot (n x )
x
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Drill Integration
4.
Evaluate
5.
(i)
sin( x a ) sin( x b) .
dx
ex cos ex
xe
(v)
e x (1 x )
cos 2 ( xe x )
e sin x
(1 x 2 )
(iv)
3 x4
(ii)
(iii)
e n x
x
(ii)
3 sin x sec4 x
(ii)
3e 2 x
1 e4x
cos x
(1 sin x ) 2
(ii)
sec 2 x
(1 tan x )3
(iii)
(1 n x ) 2
x
(i)
4x3 cosec2(x4)
(ii)
x3 sin x4
(iii)
ex sec2 (ex)
10.
(i)
sec 2 (n x )
x
(ii)
11.
(i)
(1 x )
(ii)
12.
(i)
x 2 tan 1 x 3
1 x6
(ii)
6.
(i)
(i)
tan 2 x sec 2 x
1 tan 6 x
(iv)
1
e ex
8.
(i)
9.
7.
sin x cos x
(iii)
x5
1 x12
2x
[ 2 ( 2 x 3) 2 ]
tan x sec 2 x
x
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-4
Some Standard Results :
(i)
(iii)
(v)
(vi)
1
1
xa
dx
n
C
2
a
2a
xa
1
dx n | x x 2 a 2 | C
2
2
x a
x 2
a2
a 2 x 2 dx
a x 2 n | x
2
2
x
a2
x 2 a 2 dx
x 2 a 2 n | x
2
2
(ii)
(iv)
a x
2
dx n | x a 2 x 2 | C
a 2 x 2 dx
x 2
a2
x
a x 2 sin 1 C
2
2
a
x 2 a 2 | C
x2 a2 | C
1
OR ax 2 + bx + c or ax 2 bx c
ax 2 + bx + c
Write the Quadratic expression in the form of a perfect square as shown below
Illustration :
3x 2 4 x 5
1
3 x2
4
5
x
3
3
2.
(i)
3.
(i)
4.
(i)
5.
Evaluate:
1.
(i)
(1 2 x 3x 2 )
dx
x 3x 4
1
4 5 16
x
6 3 38
1
3
1
2 11
x
3
9
(3x 4 x 1)
2
(iii)
( x x 1)
( 2 x 2 3x 4)
1
( x 2 1)
(ii)
( 2 x 2 3x 4)
1
1
3
(ii)
(3x 2 4 x 1)
(iii)
(ii)
(1 2 x 3x 2 )
(iii)
(5 x 6 x 2 )
n ( 4 x 3) 2 4 x 2 6 x 8 + C
(ii)
n (3x 2) 9 x 2 12 x 3 + C
(ii)
n x x 2 1 + C
(iii) n ( 2 x 1) 2 x 2 x 1 + C
2.
(i)
n x x 2 1 + C
3.
(i)
4x 3
23 2
( 2 x 2 3x 4)
n ( 4 x 3) 2 4 x 2 6 x 8 C
8
32
1
(3x 2) (3x 2 4 x 1) 1 / 18 3 n (3x 2) 9 x 2 12 x 3 C
6
1
2
1
(iii) ( 4 x 3) (2 x 3x 4 ) 41 / 32 2 sin [( 4 x 3) / 41 ] + C
8
(ii)
4.
(i)
1
sin 1[(3x 1) / 2] + C
2
(iii) sin-1(2x - 5) + C
(ii)
3x 1
2 3 1 3x 1
(1 2x 3x 2 )
sin
+C
6
9
2
5.
(i)
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2
2x 3
tan 1
+C
7
7
Drill Integration
2.
(i)
1
n (1 x 3 ) + C
3
n sin-1 x + C
(iii) n (e x e x ) + C
(v) n (1 + tan x) + C
(vii) (a/nb) n (bxn + c) + C
(ix) n (sin x + cos x) + C
(vi) n n x + C
(viii) n [ n ( n x)] + C
(x) n [ n (tan x)] + C
1
n (sec x 3 ) + C
3
(ii)
n [sin ( n x)] + C
(iii) 2n sin x + C
(iv)
1
n[sec(3x 4)] + C
3
(ii)
1
1
(1 / a )n tan (ax b) + C
2
4
(i)
3.
(ii)
(i)
n tan tan x + C
4 2
4.
1
sin( x a )
n
+C
sin(a b) sin( x b)
5.
(i) sin ex + C
(ii)
1 x4
e +C
4
(iv) e sin 1 x + C
(v)
tan( xe x ) + C
3 4/3
sin x + C
4
(iii) x + C
(ii) sec3 x + C
6.
(i)
7.
(i)
(ii)
3
tan 1 (e 2 x ) + C
2
(iii)
1
tan 1 x 6 + C
6
8.
(ii)
1
(1 tan x) 2 + C
2
(iii)
1
(1 n x ) 3 + C
3
9.
(i) - cot x4 + C
(ii)
1
cos x 4 + C
4
(iii) tan ex + C
1
tan 1 (tan 3 x ) + C
3
(iv) tan-1(ex) + C
(ii) sec ex + C
(ii)
12. (i)
1
(tan 1 x 3 ) 2 + C
6
sin 1 2 x 3 / 2 + C
(ii) tan x
+C
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-5
Integrals of the type :
Linear
,
Quadratic
Linear
Quadratic
Linear Quadratic
px q
px q
dx ,
dx,
(b)
(c) (px q) ax 2 bx c dx
ax 2 bx c
ax 2 bx c
Write px + q = m (derivative of quadratic expression in the denominator) + n = m (2ax+b) + n
Equating m and n by the coefficients of x and constant term on both sides.
i.e., (a)
Now,
1.
ax bx c
2
2ax b dx
ax bx c
2
2
x (1 x x )dx
(ii)
(iii)
4x
(iv)
3x
(ii)
3x
2x 3
(2x 5)
3.
(i)
4.
(i)
5x 6
dx
( x 2)dx
2
2x 3
x3 3
( x 2 2)
dx
ax bx c
2
2 3x x 2 ) dx
8 x x dx
(i)
2.
5.
px q dx
2x 1
dx
(2x 3)dx
2
4x 5
dx
x 4 4x 2 6x 3
(5 6 x x 2 )
x4
(ii)
(3 2 x x 2 )
x3
(iii)
6.
7.
(ax 2 2bx c)
Evaluate
Evaluate:
x 3 dx
( x 2 2 x 2)
x 2 2x 3
( x 2 1)
dx
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Drill Integration
1
5
2x 1
(8x 2 2 x 11) (1 x x 2 ) sin 1
+C
24
16
5
(i)
2
1
(ii) (8 x x ) sin
1
2
2.
3.
2x 1
+C
33
(iii)
(4 x 2 5x 6) 7
n 8x 5 (8x 5) 2 71 C
2
8
(iv)
(3x 2 2 x 1)
1
n (3x 1) (3x 1) 2 2 + C
3
3 3
1
17
2x 3
( 4x 2 18x 1) (2 3x x 2 ) sin 1
+C
6
4
17
2
tan 1[( x 1) / 2 ] + C
(i) 2 n ( x 2x 3)
3
2
(ii) 3 n (3x 4x 5)
13
3x 2
tan 1
+ C
3 11
11
4.
1 2
( x 4) ( x 2 2) 3 n x x 2 2 C
3
5.
(i)
1
(2 x 2 27 x 227) (5 6 x x 2 ) 139 n 3 x x 2 6 x 23 C
6
(ii)
1
7
(3x 3 7 x 2 4 x 30) (3 2 x x 2 ) n ( x 1) x 2 2 x 3 C
12
9
1
3abc 5b 2
2 2
2
2
(
2
a
x
5
abx
15
b
4
ac
)
(
ax
2
bx
c
)
(iii)
6a 3
2a 3
6.
1
1
(2 x 2 5x 7) ( x 2 2 x 2) n ( x 1) x 2 2 x 2 + C
6
2
7.
1
5
( x 4) ( x 2 1) n x x 2 1 + C
2
2
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dx
(ax bx c)
2
Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-6
x2 1
Integrals of the forms: 4 dx,
x 1
x2 1
x 4 1 kx 2 dx,
1.
tan x dx,
x2 1
x 4 1 dx,
x2 1
x 4 1 kx 2 dx,
cot x dx
x2
x 4 1 dx,
x2
x 4 1 kx 2 dx,
1
dx,
1
1
dx,
1 kx 2
tan x cot x dx
1
1
1 2
1 2
x2 1
x dx
I1 4
dx
1 x2 dx ,
1
x 1
2
x 2
x 2
x
x
x2 1
dx
x4 1
1
1
1 2
1
x 2 dx
x
dx , put x + t
2
1
x
1
x2 2
x 2
x
x
2.
I2
3.
2
1
1
1 2 1 2 dx
dx
2
1
dx
1
2 dx
1
x x
I3 4
= 4
= x 1
=
2
2
1
2
2 x2
x kx 1 2 x kx 1
x2 2 k
k
2
x
x
1
4.
5.
1
1
dx
1 2 dx
2
1
1
x
x
2 x2 1 k 2 2 1
x 2 k
x2
x
1
1 2 dx
1
x
2
2
1
x
k2
x
1
1 2 dx
1
x
2
2
1
x k 2
x
2
2
x2
1 2x 2
1 (x 2 1) (x 2 1) 1 x 1 dx x 1 dx
I 4
dx 4
dx
dx
x 4 1
2 x4 1
x 1
2 x 1
2
x4 1
2
2
1
1
2
1 (1 x 2 ) (1 x 2 ) 1 1 x dx 1 x dx
I 4
dx 4
dx
dx
x 4 1
2 x4 1
x 1
2 x 1
2
x4 1
dx
x 4 1
4.
x 2 3x 1
x 4 x 2 1 dx
7.
1
x 4 a 2 x 2 a 4 dx
10.
tan x dx
2.
x2 1
x 4 x 2 1 dx
3.
dx
x2 1
5.
x2 3
x 4 2x 2 9 dx
6.
x 2 2x 2
x 4 2x 2 4 dx
8.
x2 5
x 4 2x 2 4 dx
9.
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(cot x ) dx
Drill Integration
tan 1
2 2
x 2 1
1
x2 2 x 1
n 2
+C
2x 4 2
x 2 x 1
1
x 2 1
tan 1
+C
3
3x
1
tan 1
2 3
x 2 1 1 x 2 x 1
n 2
+C
3 x 4 x x 1
x 2 1
2x 2 1
3 tan 1
+C
x
3
4.
tan 1
5.
1 x 2 2x 3
n
C
4 x 2 2x 3
x2 2 1
2
1
1 x 1
tan 1
tan
3 C
2
2
x
3
6.
7.
1 1 x 2 a 2
1
x 2 3ax a 2
tan
n 2
3
2
2a
ax 2 3 x 3ax a
8.
x2 2
3
x 2 6x 2
tan 1
n 2
C
4 2
x 6x 2
2x 8 2
9.
10.
1
2 2
1
2 2
t2 2 t 1
t2 2 t 1
t 2 2 t 1
t 2 2 t 1
1
t 2 1
tan 1
, where t
2
2t
1
t 2 1
tan 1
, where t tan x + C
2
2t
(cot x ) + C
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-7
Integrals of purely trigonometric functions :
sin
(A)
(i)
(ii)
tan
(B)
(i)
(ii)
cot
(C)
x cos n x dx
x sec n x dx
(i)
(ii)
x cos ec n x dx
(i)
2.
(i)
3.
(i)
sin
sec
x dx
(ii)
x dx
(ii)
cos ec x dx
4
sin
sec
(ii)
sin
x dx
x dx
x cos 4 x dx
(iii)
tan
4.
(i)
sin x cos x dx
(ii)
sec
4/7
x cos ec10 / 7 x dx
5.
(i)
(1 cos x ) 2 / 7
(1 cos x )9 / 7 dx
(ii)
sec
8/9
x cos ec10 / 9 x dx
6.
(i)
7.
(i)
8.
Show that :
(i)
x sec 3 x dx
tan x
sin
tan
x cos 4 x dx
(ii)
x dx
(ii)
dx
1
sin 3 x cos x 2 tan 2 x n tan x + C (ii)
sin
cot
x cos 4 x dx
x dx
sin 3 x
sin 2 x 2
cos 4 x dx 3 cos3 x 3 sec x + C
cos5 x
cos 4 x 4 cos 2 x 8 sin x
dx
(iii)
+C
sin 4 x
3 sin 3 x 3 sin x
3
cos5 x
sin 4 x
dx
sin 2 x n sin x + C
(iv)
sin x
4
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Drill Integration
2.
3.
4.
1
( x sin x cos x ) + C
2
1
5
5
5
cos x sin 5 x cos x sin 3 x cos x sin x x + C
(ii)
6
24
16
16
1
2
tan x sec 2 x tan x + C
(i)
3
3
1
4
8
tan x sec 4 x tan x sec 2 x tan x + C
(ii)
5
15
15
1
2
1
1
2
cos 7 x sin 5 x + C
(i) cot x cos ec x cot x + C
(ii)
2
3
7
5
1 5
1 3
(iii) sec x sin x + C
5
2
7
(i) 2 tan x + C
(ii) (cot x ) 3 / 7 + C
3
(i)
7
1
tan x
11
2
11 / 7
5.
(i)
+C
(ii)
9(cot x )1/ 9 + C
1 3
1
1
cos x sin3 x sin3 x cos x (x sin x cos x) C
6
8
16
1
1
1
3
5
3
5
3
( x sin x cos x ) + C
(ii) cos x sin x cos x sin x sin x cos x
8
16
64
128
7.
1
tan 2 x n sec x C
4
1
1
5
3
(ii) cot x cot x cot x x C
5
2
(i)
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6.
(i)
Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-8
Integrals of the form of
1
a sin x b cos x c dx ,
Method of integration:
2t
2dt
1 t2
x
= t sinx =
,
cosx
=
2
2 & dx =
2
1 t
1 t2
1 t
a sin x b cos x c
p sin x q cos x r dx
Method of integration
Write Numerator = A (Denominator) + B
d
(Denominator) + C
dx
i.e.
a cos x b sin x c A(p cos x q sin x r) B( psin x q cos x) C
where A, B and C are the constants which are determined by comparing coefficients of sinx, cosx and constants
on both sides and now solve as told in section (D) just given earlier.
Integrate the following with respect to x:
1.
a b sin x
2.
3 sin x 4 cos x dx
3.
4 cos x 5 sin x dx
4.
2 cos x sin x 3 dx
5..
1
5 4 cos x dx
6.
sin x 2 cos x 3 dx
dx
3 cos x 4 sin x
5 cos x 6
3cos x 2
1.
3.
5.
2
tan x / 2
tan 1
C
3
3
6.
x
a tan b
2
tan 1
C
if a 2 b 2
2
2
2
2
(b a )
(a b )
x
a tan b ( b 2 a 2 )
2
2
n
C if b 2 a 2
2
2
x
(b a ) a tan b (b 2 a 2 )
2
1 x
tan C
if b a
a
4 2
1 x
cot C
if b a
a
4 2
2
2.
4.
tan 1
6
3
8
2
x log| sin x 2 cos x | tan 1
C
5
5
5
2
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1
1
4
n tan x tan 1 + C
5
2
3
2x + n (2 cos x + sin x + 3) + C
Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-9
Integrals of the type
1
1
a sin 2 x b cos 2 x dx, a b cos 2 x dx,
a b sin
a bsin
dx,
dx
,
(a sin x bcos x) 2
a bsin
1
x cos 2 x
f (tan x)
where f(tanx) is polynomial in tanx
x c cos 2 x d sin cos x
Method of integration
Divide the numerator and denominator by cos2 x
Put tanx = t sec2x dx = dt, This substitution will convert the trigonometric Integrals into algebraic
At
f (t)
, where f(t) is a polynomial in t. This Integral can be evaluated by the method
Bt C
1 sin
cos x
(i)
dx
(ii)
x
2 sin x
(i) sin x (1 cos x ) dx
dx
(i)
1 cos 4 x
2.
3.
4.
(i)
5.
(i)
(ii)
7.
dx
1 cos
dx
dx
(ii)
3 sin x sin 3 x
(1 sin x )
(ii)
(1 sec x )
x
x
x
x
(ii) (e e ) (e e ) sin x
(1 cos x )
6.
sin x sin 2x
(ii)
8.
(3 4 cos x )
dx
-1
1.
2.
(i)
1
1
1
1
n tan x cot x cos ec 2 x C
2
2
2
2
(ii)
3.
(i)
1
1 1 1 1
tan
C
cot x
tan
x
2
2 2
2
(ii)
1 t 1 1
2t
n
n
C where t = cos x
6 t 1 12 2 t
4.
(i)
2 (1 sin x )
(ii)
2 tan 1 (sec x 1)
(i)
1
1
1
sin x cos
sin x
2
2 2 n
2
sec x n (sin x cos x ) n
1
1
1
cos x sin
sin x
2
2
2
6.
(i)
7.
2sin-1
C
ba
5.
x2
2 n x sin x cos x C
x tan x 1
x a
1
tan x
tan 1
+ C
2
2
1
2 1 cos x
2 C (ii) (e x e x ) tan x C
1
2
2 1 cos x
2
(ii)
1
(sin x cos x x ) C
2
8.
7 . sin x
3 cos x 4
7 sin x
3ln
4.
c
3 4 cos x 3 4cox
7 7 3 4 sin x
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-10
Integration of irrational algebraic functions
General Rule: Always try to use substitution with removed radical sign.
dx
(A)
Integral of the type: linear linear
To evaluate these type of integrals we substitute linear = t. This substitution will reduce the integral
to one of the known forms.
dx
(B)
Integral of the type linear quadratic
i.e.
(px q) ax bx c
2
or
(px q)
1
n
ax 2 bx c
1
1
i.e. px + q = , This substitution will
t
t
(C)
1
To evaluate these type of integrals, we substitute x = . This substitution will reduce the integral to one
t
of the known forms. Now put quantity under the radical sign = u2 and solve
m /n
m /n
Integral of the type f (x, (ax b) 1 1 , (ax b) 2 2 ,....) dx
To evaluate this type of integral we transform it into an integral of rational function by
substituting ax + b = tS,, where s is the least common multiple of the numbers n1, n2, ...
(D)
(E)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Illustration 1:
Solution:
Evaluate
(x 2)
Let I
(x 2)
dx
x 2 6x 7
dx
x 2 6x 7
1
1
1 2t t 2
1
Substitute x + 2 =
dx = 2 x2 + 6x + 7 = 2 6 2 7
t2
t
t
t
1
2 dt
dt
t
I
2
1 1 2t t
1 2t t 2
t
t2
2
x 1
t 1
1
C
I
=
sin
sin
C
(x
2)
2
2
2 (t 1)
dt
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Drill Integration
Illustration 2: Evaluate
Solution:
Let I
(x
dx
1) x 2 2
dx
(x 2 1) x 2 2
Substitute x
1
t
Let 1 + 2 t2 = z2
I
1
dt
2
tdt
t
dx 2 dt I = 1
1
(1 t 2 ) 1 2t 2
t
2 1 2 2
t
t
4t
dt
=
2z
dz
1
zdz
dz
2
tan 1 z C
2
2 z 1 2
z 1
1
z
2
1
2
1
I tan 1 2t C tan 1
1/ 2
Solution:
Let I x13/ 2 1 x 5 / 2
1/ 2
2
C
x2
dx
dx
Comparing with integral of type xm(a + bxn)p, we can see that p = 1/2 which is not an integer. So check the sign
13
1
m 1 2
15
3
of (m + 1)/n n
5
(m + 1)/n is an integer..
5
2
To solve this integral, substitute 1 + x5/2 = t2 then
2
(t 2 1) 2 (t 2 )1/ 2 2t dt
5/2 x3/2 dx = 2t dt I
4 t7 t3
t5
4 2 2
4 6 2
2
4
I t (t 1) dt I t t 2t dt I 2 C
5 7 3
5
5
5
4 (1 x 5 / 2 )7 / 2 (1 x 5 / 2 )3/ 2 2(1 x 5 / 2 ) / 2
C
On substituting t = (1 + x5/2)1/2, we get I 5
7
3
5
2.
3.
(i)
(2 x )
(1 2 x 3x )
(iii)
( x 1)
( x 1)
(i)
(1 3x )
(iii)
( x 2)
(i)
dx
(x a ) [(x a )(b x)]
(ii)
(3 2 x )
(iv)
(2 x )
dx
dx
1 2x
( x 2 x 5)
2
x 2 2x 1
( 2 x 3x 4)
2
( x 2 x 1)
( x 1)dx
(2 x 2 3x 1)
x2 1
dx
x
dx
(ii)
dx
(iv)
( x 2)
(ii)
dx
dx
(3x 4 x 5)
( x 2 1)dx
(4 x 2 1)
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Drill Integration
4.
5.
(iii)
(x 1)
(i)
(x
(iii)
(i)
7.
(i)
8.
(i)
( x x 1)
2
1) x 1
2
x2 x2 1
(x
3
dx
dx
dx
( x 2 2 x 3)
(i)
6.
x3
1) x 2 2
dx
(x 2)
(ii)
(2x
(iv)
(x
(ii)
x2
( x 2)
(ii)
1 x 3 x2
1 3 x
x2
( 2 x 3)
x2 1
.
(iii)
2x 3 x
(iv)
dx
(3x 4 x 5)
1) 3x 2 4
dx
( x 1)
dx
( x 3 x 2 x 1)
dx
4) x 2 9
( x 2 1) x 2 3
x
x 1
4
(ii)
x
x 1
1
(ii) ( x 3 x 2 ) (1 x )
1/ 2
1.
1 1 5x 1
sin
C
3
2 (2 x )
(i)
(ii)
1
1 4x
1 4x
n
3 C
(3 2 x )
7
3 2x
2
1
1
8 11x
8 11x
n ( 4 x 3) ( 4 x 3) 2 1
n
1 C
2 x
2
15
2x
(iii)
x 1
C
x 1
(iv)
2.
2
1
7x
n ( x 1) ( x 1) 2 4
sin 1
C (ii)
3
3 40
1 3x
(i)
(iii)
(i)
1
1 x
(1 x ) 2
( x 2 x 1) n (2 x 1) (2 x 1) 2 3 n
3 C
2
(1 x )
x 1
2
bx
C
a b x a
2
1
(ii) 4 . (4 x 1) sin 2 x C
1
x 1
2
2
(iii) 4 ( 2x 7) ( x x 1) 8 n ( 2x 1) (2 x 1) 3 n x 1
(iv)
4.
(i)
1 1 x2
C
x
1
3
1
5x 14
(2 x 2 3x 4)
n (4 x 3) (4 x 3) 2 41
sin 1
C
2
4 2
2
41( x 2)
(iv)
3.
( x 2 1) n
11
( x 1) 2
3 C
( x 1)
(3x 2 4x 5)
4x 9
4 sin 1
C
x2
19( x 2)
1
x2 1
x2 1
1 C
x 2 1
x 2 1
2
(1 x 2 )
(iii)
C
x
1
9 x 2 12
9x 2 12
1 C
(ii)
8x 2 12
8x 2 12
51
(iv)
( x 2 9) 5
5
5
5x
n
tan 1
C
2
10
( x 9) 5 10
2 (2x 2 9)
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Drill Integration
5.
(i)
(ii)
n x x 2 2
( x 2 3)
2
tan 1
3
1
tan 1
5
x2 2 2
x2 2
x2 2
1 C
2x 2 2
2x 2 2
3
3
x2 3
1
2x 2 6
2x 2 6
n x x 2 3 n
1 C
10
3x 2 6
3x 2 6
5
6.
(i)
3
( x 2) 2 / 3 (5x 2 12 x 36) C
40
7.
(i)
4
x 1
1
1
1
1
4
6 tan 1 y y y 3 y 5 y 6 y8 C , where x = y6 (ii) 2 n 4
x 1
3
5
6
7
8.
(i)
1 2
( x 2 x 6) ( 2 x 3) + C
5
(iii)
(ii) 2 x n
x 1 /
x 1 C
4
44 3
x C
3
(1 x ) 1
1
3
3x 1
n
C
(ii)
.
(1 x ) 1
x (1 x ) 2
1
1 2 y
2
3y 2
n
n
, where y =
3
2 1 2 y
3y 2
x2
+C
2x 3
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-11
INTEGRATION BY PARTS
Rule : u.v dx u. v dx u . v dx dx
For choosing first and second function i.e. u and v follow the rule of I L A T E
I
=
Inverse circular function
L
=
Logarithmic function
A
=
Algebraic function
T
=
Trigonometric function
E
=
Exponential function
Integrate the following with respect to x:
1.
x e x e x
2.
(i)
x n x
(ii)
xn n x
3.
4.
5.
6.
(i) x (n x ) 2
(i)
x tan-1 x
(i)
sin-1 x
(i)
x2 sin x
(iii)
x cos x cos 2x
(ii)
(ii)
(ii)
(ii)
(iv)
x ln x
x cot-1 x
x sec-1 x
x2 sin2 x
x cos3 x sin x
7.
(i)
x
sin 2 x
(ii)
x n (1 + x)
8.
x3 sin(a n x)
1.
x 1e x x 1e x C
2.
(i)
3.
(i)
4.
(i)
5.
(i)
6.
1 2
x n ( x 2 / e) + C
4
x2
(2ln x 1) C
4
1 2
1
( x 1) tan 1 x x + C
2
2
(ii)
1 2
1
( x 1) cot 1 x x + C
2
2
x sin 1 x (1 x 2 ) + C
(ii)
1 2
[ x sec 1 x ( x 2 1) ] + C
2
1
[18(n x ) 2 24 n x 16]x 3 / 2 + C
27
(ii)
1 3 1
1
x (1 2 x 2 ) sin 2 x x cos 2 x + C
6
8
4
1
1
(3x sin 3x cos 3x x sin x cos x ) + C
81
2
1
1
4
(12 x 8 sin 2 x sin 4 x ) + C
(iv) x cos x
4
128
7.
8.
(ii)
1 2
1
( x 1) n (1 x ) ( x 2 2 x ) + C
2
4
sin a n x tan 1 + C
4
16 a
x4
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-12
Special Use of Integration By parts:
f (x) dx (f (x)).1dx
(i)
g(x)
f (x)
(ii)
dx
f (x) g(x)
.
dx
g(x) g(x1 ) n
g(x)
f (x)
Now integrate taking
as 1st function and g(x ) n as 2nd function.
g (x)
1
x
(iii) If integrand is of the form e f(x), then rewrite f(x) as sum of two functions in which one is derivative of other.
e f (x) dx e
x
Illustration 1: Evalute: l n x dx
1
I = l n x dx (l n x.1)dx l n x.x .xdx = xlnx - x + c = x(lnx - 1) + c
x
Solution:
x2
Illustration 2: Evaluate:
dx
(x sin x cos x) 2
x2
x cos x
x sec x
dx x.sec x
dx =
tan x c
Solution:I =
2
2
(x sin x cos x)
x sin x cos x
(x sin x cos x)
x 1 x
Illustration 3: Evaluate: 2 e dx
x 1
2
2
2x
1
x 1 x 2x 1
2
2
Solution: I = 2
2
2
(x 1)
(x 1) (x 1) 2
x 1
2
1
2x
is 2
Here derivate of 2
So,
x 1 (x 1) 2
Illustration 4 : Evaluate:
Solution:
x x 1
e x 2 1 dx
2
ex
c
= 2
(x 1)
2 sin 2x
1 cos 2x dx
2
sin 2x
x 2 sin 2x
dx I = e x
I= e
dx
1 cos 2x
1 cos 2x 1 cos 2x
2
2sin x cos x
x
x
2
I = e 2cos 2 x 2cos 2 x dx e sec x tan x dx
x
2
x
I e [tan x sec x]dx e tan x c
1sinx
e 1cosx dx
x
6.
(i) x5 tan-1 x2
(ii)
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( x 2 1) x
e
( x 1) 2
x5 cos x2
4.
x ex
(x 1)2 dx
Drill Integration
7.
9.
x 2 e m sin
e m tan x
(iii)
(1 x 2 ) 3 / 2
(iv)
x
e ( x 2) (2x 3)dx
8.
(1 x 2 )
cos 1 x
x 3 dx .
Prove that :
x
1
1
x
1
1
dx x tan x 2n cos x
dx x cot x 2n sin x
(i)
(ii)
1 cos x
2
2
1 cos x
2
2
x
11
1
1
dx x tan x 2n cos x
(iii)
1 sin x
22
22
11
11
10.
sec
11.
(i)
12.
(i)
x dx
tan 1 x 3dx
1
( x a ) ( x b)
sin x
sin( x a )
13.
(i)
14.
ex (cosx - sinx)
(ii) n x ( x 2 a 2 )
1
(ii) tan
3x x 3
1 3x 2
15. ln (x2 + 1)
1
sec x + C
2
1.
e /(2 + x) + C
2.
3.
(x - 1) ex / (x + 1) + C
4.
ex
C
x 1
5.
e x cot
6.
(i)
x
C
2
1 4
( x 2) sin x 2 x 2 cos x 2 + C
(ii)
2
e m
(iv)
2
1 6
( x 1) tan 1 x 3 x 3 ] + C
6
e m
(iii)
(m 1)
2
1
1
2
m
(m 2 4)
7.
(2x2 - 5x - 1)ex + C
10.
1
1
1
1
tan x sec x n tan x + C
2
2
4
2
8.
(1 x 2 ) cos 1 x / 2 x 2 + C
11. (i)
1 9
1
x tan 1 x 3 [n ( x 6 1) x 6 ] + C
9
18
(ii) ex sin x + C
12. (i)
3
3
2
2
2
( x a ) ( x b ) + C
3(a b)
(ii) x log x (a 2 x 2 ) (a 2 x 2 ) + C
3
1
2
(ii) 3x tan x n (1 x ) + C
2
15. xlog(x2 + 1) - 2x + 2 tan-1 x + C
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-13
INTEGRATION BY PARTIAL FRACTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
x2 1
x 2 1 dx
(2 x 1)
(x 2 1)(2x 3) dx
x 2 dx
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3)
x3 3
x 3 3x dx
x5
x 3 2x 2 5x 6 dx
6.
x2 x 1
(x 1) 2 (x 2) dx
7.
x2 1
(x 2)3 ( x 1) dx
8.
x 3 4 x 2 5x 2
x 3 4x 2 5x 2 dx
9.
57 x 3 25x 2 9 x 1
(x 1) 2 (2x 1)(5x 1) dx
10.
x 2 3x 4
(x 1)(x 2)(x 3) dx
1.
3.
9
4
1
n ( x 3) n ( x 2) n (1 x ) + C
10
15
6
4.
x n x
5.
1 3
1
32
243
x x 2 9 x n ( x 1) n ( x 2)
n ( x 3) + C
3
6
15
10
6.
1
( x 2)3
n
+C
x 1
( x 1) 2
8.
x + 12(x + 1)-1 + 28 n (x + 1) - 36 n (x + 2) + C
9.
2.
1
1
1 3 n x 3 (1 3 )n x 3
2
2
5
1
12
n ( x 1) n ( x 1) n ( 2 x 3) + C
2
10
5
+C
7.
2
x 1 7 1
5
1
n
.
.
+C
27 x 2 9 x 2 6 ( x 2) 2
10. 4 n | x 1 | 16 n | x 2 | 11 n | x 3 | C
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-14
List of Some Functions whose integration cannot be expressed as a finite Algebraic combination or
composition of Elementary Functions.
1.
sin x
x
2.
cos x
x
3.
1
ln x
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2
1 k 2 sin 2 x , x R; k 0, 1 and k < 1
cos(x2)
sin(x2)
sin x
cos x
2
9.
10.
ex
2
ex
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1 x 2
x3
1 x5
1
1 x 3
x tanx
x2
1 x5
17.
(1 x )(1 k x )
2
(k 2 1) etc.
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Drill Integration
DRILL-EXERCISE-15
INTEGRATION BY SUCCESSIVE REDUCTION
Illustration 1:
If In =
Solution:
Here In =
=
tan
x dx tan n 2 x tan 2 x dx =
tann2 x dx =
tan n 1 x
n 1
Hence (n 1) (In + In2) = tann1x .
tann2 x (sec2 x 1) dx
In In 2
Illustration 2:
Prove that
the value of
Solution: If In =
=
(1 x
1
(1 x
2 2
dx
2 n
dx
1
x
dx
(2n
3)
2
n
2
n
1
2
n
1
(1 x ) 2(n 1) (1 x )
(1 x ) , n N Hence, compute
dx .
1
n
x
.2x.x dx
2 n
(1 x )
(1 x 2 ) n 1
x
x2 11
x
2n
dx
2n[In I n 1 ]
2 n
2 n 1
(1 x )
(1 x )
(1 x 2 ) n
x
(1 x 2 )n
= 2n In+1 = (2n - 1) In +
replace n n - 1
2(n 1) (1 x
In =
x
(1 x 2 )n 1
2 n 1
(2n 3)
Now, put n = 2
(1 x
dx
1 x
tan 1 x c
2
) 2 1 x
DRILL EXERCISE - 15
2 2
x n dx
x a
In =
2.
n 1
1
a.I n 2 .x n 1. x 2 a
n
n
1.
In =
dx
,n N
2 n 1
(1 x )
1 n2
1
.I n 2
. cosecn2 . x y x cot x
n 2 n 1
n 1
3.
4.
If In =
(x
dx
x
2
(2n 3) n 1 c
2 n , then prove that 2(n - 1) a In =
2
a )
(x a 2 ) n 1
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