THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Florence Nightingale was born to a wealthy and intellectual family. She was known as
the Lady with the Lamp. She believed she was called by God to help others to
improve the well being of mankind
Nightingale is viewed as the mother of modern nursing. She synthesized information
gathered in many of her life experiences to assist her in the development of modern
nursing. Her contribution to the nursing profession was her Environmental Theory in
which the nurses role is to place the client in the best position for nature to act upon
him, thus encouraging healing.
Nightingale viewed the manipulation of the physical environment as a major component
of nursing care. She identified ventilation and warmth, light, noise, variety, bed and
bedding, cleanliness of the rooms and walls, and nutrition as major areas of the
environment the nurse could control. When one or more aspects of the environment are
out of balance, the client must use increased energy to counter the environmental
stress. These stresses drain the client of energy needed for healing. These aspects of
physical environment are also influenced by the social and psychological environment
of the individual.
I as a student nurse and part of the medical field, has the role of providing nursing care
with the help of the institutions and personnel involve to cure the illness and lower down
the factors causing the patients disease with the help of Nightingales Environmental
Theory

PARADIGM

The foundation of nightingales theory is the environmental-all the external

conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent suppress or
contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs
through control of the environment.

Nurses in many resource limited settings have mostly used the medical model
which failed to answer many of their concerns in managing tuberculosis infected
patients. Florence Nightingales Model of Nursing and the Environment states that
nurses manipulate and mediate the environment to put the patient in the best condition
for nature to act upon. Nursing theory and models have been recognized as key
components to evidence based practice today.

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem (1914-June 22, 2007), born in Baltimore, Maryland,

was a nursing theorist and founder of the Orem model of nursing, or Self Care Deficit
Nursing Theory.
In simplest terms, this theory states that nurses have to supply care when
patients cannot provide care for themselves.
The three theories derived from Orems conceptual model are the theory of self
care deficit, the theory of nursing systems.
The central idea of the theory of self care deficit is that individual can benefits
from nursing because they are subject to health centered or health derived limitations
that render them incapable of continuous self care or that result in ineffective or
incomplete care.
The central idea of the theory of self care is that self care is learned behavior that
purposely regulates human structural integrity, functioning, and development.
The central idea of the theory of nursing systems is that nursing systems are
formed when nurses use their abilities to prescribe, design, and provide nursing for
legitimate patient by performing discrete actions and systems of action that regulate the
value of or the exercise of individuals capabilities to engage in self-care and meet the
self-care requisite of the individual therapeutically.

PARADIGM

Theory of self care deficit

Theory of self care

Theory of Nursing System