Assignment : 01

Module Code: MN3001

Module Title : Management 1
Name of the Lecturer: Dilmini Gunawardane
Date of Submission : 02/06/2016

Effective methods of
motivation in relation to
business organization

Name:
K.A.L.P.Abeykoon
Student ID
No:2014093CL11
Advanced
Diploma Level Stage 1

MOTIVATION
What is a motivation?
It is the desire of archiving a goal. In other words motivation is ones direction to
behavior. Motivation is theoretical construct used to explain behavior.

Motivation Theories
Researches developed theories to understand what people need and how to
motivate them.

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Theory

In Maslows theory, needs were categorized as a lower to higher order needs.
There are five needs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Self-Actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological

According to the Maslows theory Physiological needs are the most basic
needs. Physiological needs refer as the need of food, water and all other biological
needs. When lacking those basic needs, the search for them may overpower all
other desires to archiving goals. In the business organization as a motivator we
can provide free meals to those who attend to the work shifts and providing good
sanitary facilities and accommodations will satisfy the basic needs.

Once physiological needs are satisfied people looking towards the Safety needs.
Peoples become to think of are them free from the threat of danger pain and the
uncertain future. To satisfy safety needs as a business organization can provide
Life Insurance, Health Insurances to their employees and also can provide safety
guides and necessary safety precautions, instruments to relevant work
environment.

Social needs refers the bond with other human beings, love, affection as well as
relationship with family, friends and companionship. To provide those social
needs in business organization can organize get-togethers, social events like
games, donations, etc. Most of all during the lunch time or tea time peoples tend
to socialize, considering that providing them a good environment as cafeteria,
lunch area helps them to improve the bond between colleagues.

After satisfying basic needs esteem need become important to an individual. Once
an individual has satisfied of their need for love and belonging, they can begin to
develop positive feelings of self-worth and self-esteem. These needs include selfesteem, respect, achievement, confidence, recognition, status. To satisfy those
esteem needs, giving promotions or lifelong achievement. Although money is
useful as a incentives, reasonable salary. Money always plays a powerful role.

Self-actualization, This need manifests itself by the desire to gain new skills, face
on new challenges and behave in a way that will lead to the attainment of ones
life goals. In other words this need defines as desire to become everything that
one is capable of.

McGregors Motivation Theory

This theory contains two kind of theories as X and Y

X Theory Assumptions
The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he
can.

Because of their dislike for work, most people must be controlled and
threatened before they will work hard enough.
The average human prefers to be directed, dislikes responsibility, is
unambiguous, and desires security above everything.
These assumptions lie behind most organizational principles today, and
give rise both to "tough" management with punishments and tight
controls, and "soft" management which aims at harmony at work.
Both these are "wrong" because man needs more than financial rewards at
work, he also needs some deeper higher order motivation - the opportunity
to fulfill himself.
Theory X managers do not give their staff this opportunity so that the
employees behave in the expected fashion.

Theory Y Assumptions

The expenditure of physical and mental effort in work is as natural as play

or rest.
Control and punishment are not the only ways to make people work, man
will direct himself if he is committed to the aims of the organization.
If a job is satisfying, then the result will be commitment to the
organization.
The average man learns, under proper conditions, not only to accept but to
seek responsibility.
Imagination, creativity, and ingenuity can be used to solve work problems
by a large number of employees.
Under the conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual
potentialities of the average man are only partially utilized.

These two theories has different. Theory Y is not suit for the use on mass
production operations but this theory can be use as managing the managers and
professionals.

 McClellands Motivation Theory

This theory is also known as a three needs theory. This theory contains three
characteristics.

ACHIEVEMENT
AFFILIATION
POWER

ACHIEVEMENT

Has a strong need to set and accomplish challenging goals.

Takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals.
Likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements.
Often likes to work alone

People motivated by achievement need challenging, but not impossible. They

thrive on overcoming difficult problems or situations, so make sure you keep
them engaged this way. People motivated by achievement work very effectively
either alone or with other high achievers.

When providing feedback, give achievers a fair and balanced appraisal. They
want to know what they're doing right and wrong so that they can improve

AFFILIATION

Wants to belong to the group.

Wants to be liked, and will often go along with whatever the rest of the
group wants to do.
Favors collaboration over competition.
Doesn't like high risk or uncertainty.

People motivated by affiliation work best in a group environment, so try to

integrate them with a team (versus working alone) whenever possible. They also
don't like uncertainty and risk. Therefore, when assigning projects or tasks, save
the risky ones for other people.

When providing feedback to these people, be personal. It's still important to give
balanced feedback, but if you start your appraisal by emphasizing their good
working relationship and your trust in them, they'll likely be more open to what
you say. Remember that these people often don't want to stand out, so it might be
best to praise them in private rather than in front of others

POWER

Wants to control and influence others.

Likes to win arguments.
Enjoys competition and winning.
Enjoys status and recognition.

Those with a high need for power work best when they're in charge. Because they
enjoy competition, they do well with goal-oriented projects or tasks. They may
also be very effective in negotiations.

When providing feedback, be direct with these team members. And keep them
motivated by helping them further their career goals