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Trigonometric Equations
1.
2.
sin = 0 = n, where n z.
3.
cos = 0 = ( 2 n + 1)
4.
5.
, where n z.
2
equation.
6.
The solution of cos = k (|k|1) lying between 0 and is called the principal solution of the equation.
7.
8.
9.
The general value of satisfying sin = k (|k| 1) is given by = n + (-1)n where nZ.
10.
The general value of satisfying tan = k is given by = n + where n Z. (in each of the above
cases, is the principal solution).
11.
If sin = k, tan = k are given equations, then the general value of is given by
is that solution lying between 0 and 2.
12.
The equation a cos + b sin = c will have no solution or will be inconsistent if |c| > a 2 + b 2
13.
14.
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= 2n + where
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PROBLEMS
Very Short answer Questions
1.
(i) cos 2 =
(ii) tan 2 = 1 [ , ]
(iii) sin 3 =
(iv) cos 2 =
3
[ . ]
2
3
( 0, )
4
Solution :
(i)
5 +1
9 11 19
,
,
2 = ,
4
5 5
5
5
cos 2 =
[ 0, 2 ] [ 0, 2 ] 2 [ 0, 4 ]
=
(ii)
,
,
,
10 10 10 10
tan 2 = 1 tan = 1
(iv)
3
5 4 2 7 8
3 =
,
,
,
,
2
3
3
3
3 3
5 4 2 7 8
=
,
, ,
,
,
9
9 9 9 9 9
sin 3 =
cos 2 =
2.
= / 4 : 3 / 4
3 3
,
, ,
4
4 4 4
(iii)
9 11 19
3
3
cos =
4
2
,
6 6
Find the general solution of the following equation
1
(i) 2sin 2 = 3cos (ii) sin 2 cos =
4
2
2
(iii) 5cos + 7sin = 6
(iv) 3sin 4 x + cos 4 x = 1
Solution :
(i)
cos =
(ii)
sin 2 cos =
1
4sin 2 4 cos = 1
4
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1
3
cos = not possible
2
2
= 2n / 3
cos =
(iii)
(iv)
1
2
= n / 4
3sin 4 x + cos 4 x = 1
3 sin x
) + ( cos x )
2
=1
1 cos 2 x
1 + cos 2 x
3
+
=1
2
2
1 2sin 2 x = 0
1 2sin 2 x = 1
1
sin 2 x = 0
2
x = n / 4 x = n
n z
sin 2 x =
3.
(i)
sin =
3
2
cos =
1
2
tan x =
sec x =
n z
3
3
Principal value of x = / 6 / 6
General solution of x = 2n
(iii)
cos ec = 2 cot = 3
Principal value of = / 6
General solution = 2n / 6
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2
= 2 / 3
3
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If n is even, then
x + 10 = n + ( 220 + 3 x )
n -12
which is not acute
2
If n is odd, then
x=
x + 10 = ( 2k + 1) ( 220 + 3x ) , n = 2k + 1
x = ( 2k + 1)
4
If K=0, then x=370.
-80
5.
Sol.
6.
Sol.
x + 28 = 168 3x + 2n
or x + 28 = 1800 (168 3x ) + 2n
4 x = 140 + 2 n or 2x = 16-2n
or 8- n
2
x= 350 or 80
x = 35 + n
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Solution :
6 tan 2 x = 4cos2 x 1
(i)
} {
cos 2 x = cos 2
4
6
x = n / 6
cos 2 x =
Solution :
(ii)
4 cos 2 + 3 2 3 cos 2 cos = 0
2 cos {2 cos 1} 3 {2 cos 1} = 0
{2 cos
1
3
: cos =
2
2
n z
1} 2 cos 3 = 0 cos =
= 2n / 3 or = 2n / 6
Solution :
(iii)
= 0 sin 4 x . cos 2 x = 0
2
2
sin 4 x = 0 or cos 2 x = 0
or 2 x = ( 2n + 1) / 2
4 x = n
x = ( 2n + 1) / 4
x = n / 4
n z
Solution :
2sin 2 x + sin 2 2 x = 2
(iv)
cos 2 x = 0
sin 2 x =
2 co x 2 x 2sin 2 x 1 = 0
1
2
x = ( 2n + 1) , x = n , n z
2
4
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2.
3
find x and y
2
Solution:
x + y = 2 / 3 2 / 3 x
3
2
sin x + sin
x = 3/ 2
2
3
2
2
sin x + sin
cos x cos
sin x = 3 / 2
3
3
sin x + sin y =
sin x +
3
1
3
cos x + sin x =
2
2
2
3
3
3
cos x + sin x =
2
2
2
1
3
3
cos x +
sin x =
2
2
2
cos ( x / 3 ) =
x / 3 = 2n
3
2
6
x = 2n + / 2 : x = 2n + / 6
x + y = 2 / 3
2
2n / 2
or y = 2 / 3 2n / 6
3
y = / 6 2n or y = / 2 2n
y=
3.
cos 3 =
1
2
3 = 2n 2 / 3
n
4
2n 2
n z
3
9
Solution :
sin 3 sin = 4cos2 2
(ii)
2 = ( 2n + 1) / 2
sin = 1
= n + ( 1) / 2
n
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= ( 2n + 1) / 4
= n + ( 1) / 2 n z
n
Solution :
(iii)
1
3
1
sin x +
cos x =
2
2
2
sin x + 3 cos x = 2
a 2 + b 2 i.e., 12 +
( 3)
i.e., 2}
cos ( x / 6 ) = cos / 4
x / 6 = 2n / 4 x = 2n +
5
12
or x : 2n /12
Solution :
(iv)
1
1
=2
cos 4 x cos 2 x
cos 2 x cos 4 x = 2 cos 4 x cos 2 x
sec 4 x sec 2x = 2
cos 5 x = 0 or cos x = 0
5 x = ( 2n + 1) / 2
x = ( 2n + 1)
(or) x =
4.
x = ( 2n + 1) / 2
: x = ( 2n + 1)
10
n z
2n
/10 x = 2n / 2
5
3x
x
+ sin
2
2
(i)
tan + sec = 3
1 + sin
= 3 cos sin = 1
cos
( 3 ) + ( 1)
2
i.e., with 2
3
1
1
1
cos sin = cos cos / 6 sin sin / 6 =
2
2
2
2
cos ( + / 6) = cos / 3
+ / 6 = 2n
+ / 6 = 2n
(or ) + / 6 = 2n / 3
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n z
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= 2n + / 6
0 2
or = 2n / 2
n z
= / 6 , 3 / 2
But for = 3 / 2 tan , sec are not defined
= /6
Solution :
(ii)
3x
x
+ sin
2
2
5x
x
x
2cos . cos = 2sin x . cos
2
2
2
5x
x
2 cos cos
sin x = 0
2
2
x
5x
2 cos = 0 cos
= sin x
2
2
x
5x
= cos x
cos = 0 cos
2
2
2
x
5x
= x =
= 2n ( / 2 x )
2 2
2
5x
5x
= 2n + / 2 x (or)
= 2n / 2 + x
2
2
3x
= 2n / 2
7 x / 2 = 2n + / 2 (or)
2
2
2
x = ( 2n + / 2 ) or x = {2n / 2}
7
3
cos 3 x + cos 2 x = sin
n = 0 x = /7,n = 0: x =
n =1
n=2
n=3
5
7
x = 9 / 7
x = 13 / 7
n =1 x =
x=
Solution :
(iii)
cot 2 x 3 cot x cot x + 3 = 0
( cot x 3 ) ( cot x 1) = 0
tan x =
or tan x = 1
3
x = / 6 or x = / 4
Solution :
(iv)
sec x cos 5 x+ 1 = 0 0 < x < 2
cos 5 x
+1= 0
cos x
cos 5 x + cos x
=0
cos x
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cos 5 x + cos x = 0
cos 3 x = 0
2 cos 3 x cos 2 x = 0
cos 2 x= 0
= / 6, / 4, 3 / 4, 5 / 6, 5 / 4, 7 / 6, 11 / 6, 7 / 4
5.
Solution:
{cos + sin } = n +
2
1
2
cos +
1
2
cos ( / 4 ) =
2n + 1
sin =
2 2
2n + 1
2
1
For n = 0 cos ( / 4 ) =
2
3
for n = 1 cos ( / 4 ) =
>1
Not possible
for n = 2, 3 cos ( / 4 )
Has no value
For n = -1 cos ( / 4 ) =
6.
1
2
1
2
cos +
1
2
sin > 0
sin ( + / 4 ) > 0
0 < + /4 <
< < 3
2n
< < 2n + 3
4
4
= 2n , 2n + 3 , n z
4
4
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1
2 2
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1.
Solution:
sin x + sin 3 x + sin 2 x = cos x + cos 3 x + cos 2 x
2sin 2 x .cos x + sin 2 x = 2 cos 2 x. cos x+ cos 2 x
cos x =
1
2
tan 2 x =1
x = 2n 2 / 3
12.
x=
n
+ /8 n z
2
Solution:
sin 3x + sin x + 2cos = sin 2 x + 2cos2 x
= 2n + / 2 :
+ = 2n
2 2
2 2
2
x = ( 2n + 1) / 2 ; x = 2n ; x = 2n + / 2 ; x = n / 4 n z
cos x = 0
3.
2 cos
2bc
a + b2
c2 b2
c2 a2
(iv)_
sin
sin
=
a 2 + b2
a 2 + b2
2 ac
a + b2
2
Solution:
a cos + b sin = c ( b sin )
= ( c a cos )
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(a
c 2 b2
(iii) is proved
a 2 + b2
(a
4.
c2 a2
2bc
sin
sin
=
a 2 + b2
a 2 + b2
Find the common roots of the equation cos 2 x + sin 2 x = cot x and 2cos 2 + cos 2 2 x = 1
Solution:
2cos 2 x + cos 2 2 x 1 = 0 2cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 2 x = 0
cos x
sin x
cos 2 x.sin x + sin 2 x.sin x = cos x
cos 2 x + sin 2 x =
sin 4 x = 0
Solution:
6 cos x + 7 sin 2 x = cos x
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8cos 2 x + cos x 13 = 0
cos x =
1 1 + 104
16
sin x cos x > 1
(or )
If | tan x | = tan x +
1
and x [ 0, 2 ] find the values of x
cos x
Solution:
cos (1) suppose tan x > 0
1
1
= 0 not possible
cos x
cos x
Case (ii) Suppose tan x < 0
tan x = tan x +
tan x = tan x +
1
1
2 tan x =
cos x
cos x
2sin x = 1 sin x =
1
2
But x [ 0, 2 ]
x = 11 / 6
2.
Ans:
3.
Ans: = n / 6 n z
4.
Ans: = n + ( 1) / 3 n z
n
5.
81 + cos x + cos2 x + . = 34
Ans: / 3 or / 3
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6.
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Ans: = n + ( 1) / 6
n
7.
Ans: = n + / 4 n z
8.
Solve
2 ( sin x + cos x ) = 3
5
or
Ans:
12
x = 2n + /12
x = 2n +
9.
If 1 , 2 are solutions of the equation a cos 2 + b sin 2 = c then find the value of
(i) tan 1 + tan 2
10.
Ans: x =
11.
Ans:
12.
3
9
1
4
3 5 2 7
, ,
,
,
,
8 3 8 8 3 8
Ans: x = {2n / n z} u
{2n
/ 6 / n z}
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