CHAPTER 6-BIG MOTOR STARTING ANALYSIS

6.1 Objectives
The objectives of this big motor starting analysis are
1. Evaluate the effects on the power system during a big
motor starting event. This evaluation will calculate the voltage on
each buses before, during and after a big motor start and compare
these voltages to permissible values.
2. Calculate the required number of generating units for
each motor starting.
3. Evaluate the starting performance of the big motors.
This evaluation will calculate the voltage drop on each of the big
motor

and

the

normalized

torque

delivered

during

starting

(ILR/IFLA)STARTING or the locked-rotor torque based on the motor

terminal voltage. The calculated torque delivered during starting will
be compared against the Normalized load torque (I LR/IFLA)LOAD
requirement.
4. Provide and overall evaluation and recommendation
based on this analysis
The following motors are included on this study
1. VRS Motor KM5806
2. Mixer Motor YM7601
3. Blower Motor KM8639
4. Blower Motor KM8601
5. VRS Refrigeration Compressor VM5814
6. Pellet Blending Blower SM8645

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 348

6.2 Methodology
This motor starting study is an extension of the load flow
study conducted in chapter 2. Using the Load Flow sheet developed
by the author, the starting kVA of each of the big motors will be
used to determine the bus voltages, motor terminal voltage and
starting torque. The locked rotor powers are calculated as follows.

kVASTARTING LR xkVANOMINAL
IFLA

kWSTARTING kVASTARTINGxPFSTARTING
kVARSTARTING (kVASTARTING)2 (kWSTARTING)2
As per IEEE Brown Book Std 399-1997, the typical
starting power factor are as follows:
Motors below 1000hp - PFSTARTING = 0.20
Above 1000hp-PFSTARTING = 0.15
The terminal voltage of the motor is given by the equation
below

VTERM 3 6.9kVBUS ISTARTINGZMOTORCABLE

3

equation 6.2

Given that the torque delivered is proportional to the

square of the terminal voltage, the relation between the normalized
locked rotor torque at a given terminal voltage is shown below.

TLR
T
N VX
TLR
T
N VNOMINAL

VX

VNOMINAL

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

equation 6.3

Page 349

Where

TLR

is the normalized Locked-rotor torque at

T
N

VX
terminal voltage Vx during starting

TLR
is the normalized locked-rotor torque
T
N VNOMINAL
at nominal voltage VNOMINAL
It should be noted that the basis of the bus voltage
calculations on the load flow sheet is that the TRL3A and TRL3B tap
changer is set at -2.5% or tap number 4.
6.3 Starting Analysis
KM5806
Calculation of Bus Voltages
kVANOMINAL=727.175 kVA

ILR
4.5 , PFSTARTING=0.20
IFLA

kVASTARTING LR xkVANOMINAL (4.5)x(727.175)

IFLA

kVASTARTING 3272.287kVA
kWSTARTING kVASTARTINGxPFSTARTING (3272.287)x(0.20)
kWSTARTING 654.457kW
kVARSTARTING (kVASTARTING)2 (kWSTARTING)2

kVAR STARTING (3272.287)2 (654.457)2

kVARSTARTING 3206.173kVAR

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 350

Using the above starting data, the values of the bus

voltages are calculated using the load flow sheet. It is assumed
that the TRL3A an TRL3B NVTC is set at -2.5%
Table 6.1 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for KM5806
Starting
KM5806

Bus 2
(6.9kV Bus)
Bus 3
(MCC8)
Bus 4
(MCC9)

Before Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
Voltage

During Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>90)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
Voltage

6808.593

98.675

6736.896

97.636

After Starting
(Permissible
% of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
Voltag
e
6799.11
98.53

477.726

99.526

472.5197

98.442

477.037

99.38

478.7272

99.735

473.5327

98.653

478.040

99.59

The calculation results from table 6.1 shows that the

bus voltages before, during and after the starting of KM5806 are all
within the permissible limits which ensures that the other running
motors will not stall.
Table 6.2 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting
KM5806
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
6.714+j4.156
7.897/31.760

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.373+j7.513
10.527/45.538

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597
8.575/32.419

Based on the load flow results, for normal operating

condition and for reliability, two (2) generators (8.375MVA each) is
required. Based on table 6.2, the total requirement during KM5806
startup is 7.37MW and 7.513MVAR or 10.527MVA
Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

which means
Page 351

that the two generators will be able to share the load before, during
and after KM5806 starting. In terms of reactive power requirement,
the

maximum reactive

loading for

each

generator

is about

6.650MVAR (inductive) and during starting, the total reactive power

requirement is 7.513MVAR. This means that the two generators will
share approximately 3.756MVAR of reactive power requirement
which is below the reactive power limit of one generator.
Calculation of KM5806 Terminal Voltage and Torque
From the results of the bus voltage calculation for KM5806
starting condition, the starting terminal voltage on the said motor is
calculated as

VTERM 3 6.9kVBUS ISTARTINGZMOTORCABLE

3

6726.780 - j163.289

VTERM 3
328.152 j65.6300.0400 j0.0333
3

VTERM 6710.403 V
This terminal voltage represents the transient value during
starting and is about 97.25% of base voltage (6900V) which is
within the permissible limit of 90% or 2.75% voltage drop which is
within the permissible limit of 10%.
Using this voltage, the normalized locked-rotor torque
delivered by the motor (ratio of starting torque to nominal torque)
is calculated.

TLR
T
N VX
TLR
T
N VNOMINAL
TLR
T
N VX
0.8

VX

VNOMINAL

6,710.42

6900

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 352

 TLR
0.76
T
N VX
The calculated locked rotor torque during starting of about
0.76 is compared against the load torque requirement during
starting. As shown in figure 6.1, during starting the load requires a
torque of about 0.4 and the motor can deliver 0.76 which means
that KM5806 can be started successfully.

0.76
0.4

Figure 6.1 Combined Motor and Load Torque-speed curve for

KM5806
Calculating for the rest of the big motors using the same
process and based on the motor starting data from table 6.3 and
6.4.
Table 6.3 Big Motor Starting Data
Motor
Tag

kVASTARTING

kWSTARTING

kVARSTARTING

ILR/IFLA

PFSTARTING

KM5806

3,272.29

654.46

3,206.17

4.5

0.2

YM7601

31,938.46

4,790.77

31,577.11

5.5

0.15

KM8639

2,171.05

434.21

2,127.19

5.5

0.2

KM8601

1,765.08

353.02

1,729.42

5.5

0.2

VM5814

1234.4696

246.894

1209.528

6.5

0.2

SM8645

1206.086

241.217

1181.718

6.5

0.2

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 353

Table 6.4 Big Motor Starting Data

Motor Tag ISTARTING

ZMOTORCABLE

KM5806
YM7601
KM8639
KM8601
VM5814
SM8645

0.0400+j0.0333
0.04515+j0.0470
0.0279+j0.0232
0.0518+j0.0431
0.05488+j0.0292

328.152+j65.63
2016.186+j1754.082
178.132+j35.626
144.823+j28.964
1456.001+j291.2

The bus voltages and terminal voltage of each motor is

calculated using the load flow calculation sheet developed by the
author, the calculation results are summarize on tables 6.5 to 6.8.

YM7601
Table 6.5 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for DOL Starting of
YM7601
YM7601

Before Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)

During Starting
(Permissible % of
Base Voltage>90)

Bus
Voltage

Bus
Voltage
6087.02

% of
Base
Voltage
88.22

After Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)

Bus 2 (6.9kV
Bus)
Bus 3 (MCC8)

6860.29

% of
Base
Voltage
99.42

Bus
Voltage

481.48

100.31

425.22

88.59

6799.1
1
477.04

Bus 4 (MCC9)

482.47

100.51

426.36

88.82

478.04

% of
Base
Voltage
98.54
99.38
99.59

The calculation results above for the bus voltages before

and after starting the YM7601 shows acceptable bus voltage.
However, during starting, the transient voltage dip on the three
buses

are

all

below

the

permissible

value.

It

is

therefore

recommended to use a suitable Reduce voltage starter (RVS) to

limit the starting current and to maintain the bus voltages above
the permissible limit. This will ensure that the running motors are
not going to stall. It is further recommended that an Auto
transformer type RVS should be used. A quick calculation on the
Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 354

possible values of ILR/IFLA is shown in table 6.5. Values are derived

from the load flow calculation sheet developed by the author. For
ILR/IFLA of 5.5 which is the original DOL value, the values of bus
voltages are below acceptable limit of more than 90%. By
decreasing the ratio up to 4.5, the values of the bus voltages start
to increase to permissible value of 90%.
Table 6.6 Simulation for determining the RVS tap
ILR/
IFLA

Permissible % of
Base Voltage>90

YM7601
Terminal
Voltage
Bus 4 (V)

T/Tn
Starting

T/Tn
Load

Delivered
Torque
Margin
(%)

0.30

420.15

Bus 2

Bus
3

5.5

88.21

88.58

88.82

6086.506

1.264

5
4.5
4.4
4
3.5
3.3

88.07
90.49
90.71
91.58
92.64
93.05

89.80
90.97
91.20
92.11
93.22
93.65

90.03
91.20
91.43
92.33
93.44
93.88

6165.45
6242.13
6257.21
6316.73
6389.42
6417.99

1.30
1.33
1.34
1.36
1.39
1.41

432.48
443.30
445.45
453.96
464.47
468.63

For a ILR/IFLA of 4.4, the percent tap of RVS is calculated as

IP
VS IP IFLA
I
S
VP IS
I
FLA
IP
VS IFLA
I
S
VP
I
FLA

4.4 0.8
5.5

Therefore, an RVS with an 80% reduction (tap) can be used

to achieve the permissible voltage dip on all buses during starting.
However to improve further the bus voltages during starting and as
an alternative to 80 tap RVS, a 60% tap can also be used and will
Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 355

result to further improvement in the bus voltages as shown in last

row of table 6.5. Using the 60% tap, the bus voltages becomes
93.05% for 6.9kV bus, 93.65% for MCC8 480V bus and 93.88% for
MCC9 480V bus which are all above the permissible limit.

Calculation for 60% tap.

IP
VS IFLA
I
VP S
I
FLA

3.3

0.60
5.5

Table 6.7 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting

YM7601 w/o auto transformer
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
2.635+j1.795 or
3.188/34.26

Although

two(2)

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.564+37.987 or
38.732/78.740

generators

can

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

supply

the

steady

state

requirement, starting condition with 38.73MVA or 7.564MW +

37.987MVAR requires running additional 4 generators to supply the
primarily the required reactive power without exceeding the reactive
power generation limit of 6.650MVAR

per generator. However,

using the recommendation for an auto transformer starter of 60%

tap, the new starting power requirement is calculated using the load
flow sheet and is summarized in table 6.8. This will require running

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 356

additional two generators during starting instead of four units. This

results shows that not only did the bus voltages improved during
starting with the use of auto transformer but also the complex
power requirement for starting YM7601 becomes less and hence
more economical.

Table 6.8 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting

YM7601 with auto transformer
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
2.635+j1.795 or
3.188/34.26

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
5.558+22.35 or
23.036/76.039

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

KM8639
Table 6.9 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for Starting of
KM8639
KM8639

Before Starting
(Permissible % of
Base Voltage>98)

During Starting
(Permissible % of
Base Voltage>90)

After Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
Voltage
6799.11
98.54

Bus
Voltage

% of Base
Voltage

Bus
Voltage

Bus 2 (6.9kV
Bus)
Bus 3 (MCC8)

6803.12

98.60

6755.64

% of
Base
Voltage
97.91

477.33

99.44

473.88

98.73

477.04

99.38

Bus 4 (MCC9)

478.33

99.65

474.89

98.94

478.04

99.59

The calculation results from the above table for voltages

before starting, during starting and after starting the KM8639 shows
acceptable values. This means that there will be no voltage issues
when starting KM8639. Calculation results for total complex power
Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 357

requirement during starting of KM8639 shown in table 6.10 and

shows that two(2) generator units is sufficient to supply both steady
state condition and the starting condition of KM8639.

Table 6.10 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting

KM8639
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
6.976+j4.411or
8.254/32.306

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.413 +j6.634 or
9.948/41.826

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

Table 6.11 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for Starting of

KM8601
Before Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

During Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>90)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

After Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

Bus 2 (6.9kV Bus)

6802.40

98.59

6763.84

98.03

6799.11

98.54

Bus 3 (MCC8)

477.28

99.43

474.48

98.85

477.04

99.38

Bus 4 (MCC9)

478.28

99.64

475.49

99.06

478.04

99.59

The calculation results from the above table for voltages

before starting, during starting and after starting the KM8601 shows
acceptable values. This means that there will be no voltage issues
when starting KM8601. Calculation results for total complex power
requirement during starting of KM8601 shown in table 6.12 and
shows that two(2) generator units is sufficient to supply both steady
state condition and the starting condition of KM8601.

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 358

Table 6.12 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting

KM8601
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.038+j4.444
8.324/32.271

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.393 +j6.249 or
9.681/40.208

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

Table 6.13 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for Starting of

VM5814

Bus 2 (6.9kV Bus)

Bus 3 (MCC8)
Bus 4 (MCC9)

Before Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

During Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>90)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

After Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

6801.34
478.54
478.20

6773.38
461.46
476.18

6799.11
477.04
478.04

98.57
99.70
99.63

98.16
96.14
99.20

98.54
99.38
99.59

The calculation results from the above table for voltages

before starting, during starting and after starting the VM5814
shows acceptable values. This means that there will be no voltage
issues when starting VM5814 . Calculation results for total complex
power requirement during starting of VM5814 shown in table 6.14
and shows that two(2) generator units is sufficient to supply both
steady state condition and the starting condition of VM5814 .

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Page 359

Table 6.14 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting

VM5814
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.092+j4.493
8.396/32.360

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.347 +j5.503 or
9.362/38.303

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

Table 6.15 Bus Voltage Calculation Results for Starting of

SM8645
SM8645

Before Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

During Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>90)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

After Starting
(Permissible %
of Base
Voltage>98)
Bus
% of
Voltage
Base
(V)
Voltage

Bus 2 (6.9kV Bus)

6800.70
477.15
479.11

6773.49
475.18
462.49

6799.11
477.04
478.04

Bus 3 (MCC8)
Bus 4 (MCC9)

98.56
99.41
99.82

98.17
99.00
96.35

98.54
99.38
99.59

The calculation results from the above table for voltages

before starting, during starting and after starting the SM8645 shows
acceptable values. This means that there will be no voltage issues
when starting SM8645. Calculation results for total complex power
requirement during starting of SM8645 shown in table 6.16 and
shows that two(2) generator units is sufficient to supply both steady
state condition and the starting condition of SM8645.
Table 6.16 Total Complex Power Requirement for Starting
SM8645
Complex Power
Requirement
Before Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.133+j4.523
8.446/32.380

Complex Power
Requirement
During Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.381 +j5.797 or
9.386/38.147

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Complex Power
Requirement
After Starting
(MW,MVAR,MVA)
7.238+j4.597 or
8.575/32.419

Page 360

The

calculation

for

the

terminal

voltage

and

normalized(with nominal) locked-rotor torque delivered of each of

the big motors is repeated using the same procedure used for
KM5806 and the results are summarized in the table 6.17. Since the
torque delivered by the motors during starting as shown in column
four(4) are all more than the load torque requirement as shown in
column five(5), all the big motors will successfully start its load.
However, though YM7601 torque delivered can still drive the load at
the given starting terminal voltage of 6076.942V starting is
affecting the bus voltages
Table 6.17 Summary of Starting Torque Evaluation
TLR/TN
(at
Nominal
Voltage)

TLR/TNOMINAL
(at
Starting
Voltage)

TLOAD/TN
OMINAL

Motor
Tag

VMOTOR
TERM (V)

Require
d
Starting
Torque

KM5806

6,718.5

0.8

0.76

0.4

YM7601

6086.50

1.625

1.26

0.3

KM8639

6748.67

1.25

1.20

0.532

KM8601

6753.32

1.15

1.10

0.624

VM5814

358.104

2.8

1.56

SM8645

436.884

2.7

2.24

0.293

Chapter 6-Detailed Big Motor Starting Study

Remarks

TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting
TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting
TLR/TNOMINAL
TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting
TLR/TNOMINAL
TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting
TLR/TNOMINAL
TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting
TLR/TNOMINAL
TLR/TNOMINAL@starting
> TLOAD/TNOMINAL
Success Starting

Page 361