Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

What type of music improves students performance in academics? R & B or Pop?
is the topic that is being studied by the researchers.
Students, teachers, professors, doctors, and scientists have investigated similar
studies. Each has different point-of-views and outcomes on the topic, but all have the
same reason to why they are studying it.
The researchers chose to study this topic because they wish to help benefit and
improve students studying styles so that the students performance in school would be
a success.
To understand the topic more, the researchers collected the information from online
sources.
This chapter will focus on the collected reviewed literature and studies that have
significant bearing on the research.
Related Literature
There are people who have been debating which genre of music is helpful in
studying. And there are people who are still debating whether music is even helpful for
studying.
Nowadays, scientists claim that music is not helpful at all and it being able to help
students in studying is just a myth.
But even though there have been findings that music is useless in improving
students academics, psychologist Francis Rauscher (2014) still believes that music can
be helpful. According to her, it depends on the taste of music of the person. If the person
likes rock and dislikes classical music, but listens to classical music to improve
performance, it would be useless.
Another professional, named William R. Klemm, Ph.D. (2013), supported Rauschers
idea as he said the same thing.
According to an article written by Ryan Levesque, a Bulgarian psychiatrist, named
Dr. Georgi Lozanov, concluded that music improves learning but it depends on the type
of music (just like what Klemm and Rauscher said) but he also added that there are 3
stages to make this effective. The three stages are called the RAM Music Effect
(relaxation, active learning, and memory consolidation). He concluded this after

experimenting on students and making them listen to music while memorizing

sentences.
Even an article from the New York Times written by Amisha Padnani (2012),
supports the ideas above, however; she added that listening to music during studying
should be limited as according to her research, it could be distracting.
On the other hand though, according to an article in the Harvard Gazette, Samuel
Mehr (2013), a Harvard Graduate School of Education doctoral opposes to these ideas
and say that music doesnt help in academics. And he proved this to be true after
experimenting on 29 parents and four-year old children.
A Stanford Graduate School of Business professor named Chip Heath supports
Mehrs idea.
Related Studies
In a thesis written by Bianca Jaudines (Montessori De Manila, 2014), she stated that
music helps in studying and in her study, it was indicated that Pop had a bigger impact.
She did this study by experimenting on selected Grade 8 students of Montessori De
Manila. Most of the students in this batch listened to music a lot.