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17.
21.
The products are determined by having the ions switch partners. For example,
for a general reaction AB + CD , the possible products are AD and CB if the
ions switch partners. If either AD or CB is insoluble, then a precipitation reaction
has occurred. In the following reaction, the formula of the precipitate is given in
boldface type.
a. (NH4)2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) 2NH4NO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Rule 4: BaSO4 is a listed exception.
b. H2S(aq) + NiSO4(aq) H2SO4(aq) + NiS(s)
Rule 6: Most sulfide salts are only slightly soluble.
c. FeCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) 3NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)
Rule 5: Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly soluble.
25.
The products are determined by having the ions in the two aqueous ionic reagents
switch partners. For example, for a general reaction AB + CD , the possible
products are AD and CB if the ions switch partners. If either AD or CB is
insoluble according to the solubility rules in Table 7.1, then a precipitation
reaction has occurred. Answers will vary for each student.
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53.
For each reaction, the type of reaction is first identified, followed by some of the
reasoning that leads to this choice (there may be more than one way in which you
can recognize a particular type of reaction).
a. precipitation (from Table 7.1, BaSO4 is insoluble).
b. oxidationreduction (Zn changes from the elemental to the combined state;
hydrogen changes from the combined to the elemental state).
c. precipitation (From Table 7.1, AgCl is insoluble.)
d. acidbase (HCl is an acid; KOH is a base; water and a salt are produced.)
Compounds like those in parts (a) and (b) of this problem, containing only carbon
and hydrogen, are called hydrocarbons. When a hydrocarbon is reacted with
oxygen (O2), the hydrocarbon is
almost always converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor. Because water
molecules contain an odd number of oxygen atoms, and O2 contains an even
number of oxygen atoms, it is often difficult to balance such equations. For this
reason, it is simpler to balance the equation using fractional coefficients if
necessary, and then to multiply by a factor that will give whole number
coefficients for the final balanced equation.
a. C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C6H6 + O2 6CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C6H6 + O2 6CO2 + 3H2O
Balance oxygen with fractional coefficient:
C6H6 + 15/2 O2 6CO2 + 3H2O
Balanced equation: 2 C6H6 + 15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O
b. C5H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C5H12 + O2 5CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C5H12 + O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
Balance oxygen: C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
Balanced equation: C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
c. C2H6O(l) + O2(g) CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C2H6O(l) + O2(g) 2CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C2H6O(l) + O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O
Balance oxygen: C2H6O(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O
Balanced equation: C2H6O(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O
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81.
For each reaction, the type of reaction is first identified, followed by some of the
reasoning that leads to this choice (there may be more than one way in which you
can recognize a particular type of reaction).
a. oxidationreduction (Mg changes from the elemental state to the combined
state in MgSO4; hydrogen changes from the combined to the elemental state.)
b. acidbase (HClO4 is a strong acid and RbOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
c. oxidationreduction (Both Ca and O2 change from the elemental to the
combined state.)
d. acidbase (H2SO4 is a strong acid and NaOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
e. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, PbCO3 is insoluble.)
f. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, CaSO4 is insoluble.)
g. acidbase (HNO3 is a strong acid and KOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
h. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, NiS is insoluble.)
i. oxidationreduction (both Ni and Cl2 change from the elemental to the
combined state).
93.