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Bicol University
College of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
Legazpi City, 4500, Philippines
ChE 518: Introduction to Particle Technology
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Filtration
*Villanea, Glyza Mae J.
BS Chemical Engineering 5
ABSTRACT
I.
Introduction
2
solids; it may be a screen, cloth, paper, or bed of
solids. The liquid that passes through the filter
medium is called the filtrate.[1]
Filtration is used to recovery solid
particles or the liquid substance of a certain
material to make use in another process or step
in making the product. It can be done by
centrifugal filtration or by hydrostatic
head(gravity) using different mechanism either
by cake filtration which stops the solid at the of
a filter medium and pile upon one another to
form a cake of increasing thickness, the
separation or by clarifying filtration which traps
solids within the pores or body of the medium.[2]
It can be done by batch or continuous filtration.
3
of the solution was maintained in the funnel.
The mass of the filtrate was recorded every
minute.
2.2.2. Vacuum Filtration
Another set up was prepared with
constant pouring of solution into the funnel, 4
different time periods were assigned. Every
period of time the volume of the filtrate was
measured using the graduated cylinder. The time
was recorded until the filtration was done.
2.3. Collection of data
The time was recorded according to the
need in each set up using a stopwatch. The mass
needed was measured using the top loading
balance. The temperature was evaluated using a
temperature.
t(min
)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
mass
(g)
7.23
17.11
27.74
38.86
50.07
61.29
73.03
84.79
96.51
107.9
9
dv
7.23
9.88
10.63
11.12
11.21
11.22
11.74
11.76
11.72
11.48
dt
dt/dv
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.138313
0.101215
0.094073
0.089928
0.089206
0.089127
0.085179
0.085034
0.085324
0.087108
4
0.2
0.15
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
f(x) = 0x + 0.08
R = 0.65
0.1
f(x) = 0x + 0.08
R = 0
0.05
0
0.09
50
100
0.08
150
200
250
0.08
0.08
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
2Ve
d 2
=
= V+
dV V K
K
m= 5x10-5
m= 5x10-5
y-int=0.081
0.00
5.18
Mass(
g)
0
41
dv
dt
y-int=0.081
t(min)
2Ve
d 2
=
= V+
dV V K
K
dt/dv
K=40000m6/s
41
7.12
97
56
9.23
168.5
14.56
667
204
71.
5
35.
5
5.1
8
1.9
3
2.1
2
5.3
3
0.126423
0.034524
0.029604
2V e
=0.081
K
V e =181022
0.150235
32.2. Vacuum filtration
m=
2
5
=5 x 10
K
K=50000m6/s
*Corresponding Author: Tel +639498232072
Email address: villaneagmj@gmail.com
5
y
2V e
=0.081
K
V e =1995
and
final
1
( 342.3
)=4382.121mol
Cao=4382.121
With this given data, it can be concluded
that the higher concentration of the acid, the
higher the conversion and faster the rate of
reaction.
3.5 Reactor design
A batch reactor was used for the reaction
since it will yield a high conversion of sucrose.
The reactants were allowed to react in the
reactor. Nothing else was added or taken away
in the process until the desired product is
achieved.
3.5.1 Mass balance on a batch reactor
mol
L
1 mol graphite
NaoXa=5E5 g graphite(
)
12 g graphite
NaoXa=3472.222mol sucrose
Na=4382.1213472.222mol sucrose
Na=909.9 mol sucrose
Equation 8:
dCa
rAV =
dt
6
To acquire higher concentration, higher
conversion and faster reaction rate, use the rate
law of the 98.8% sulfuric acid. Using equation 7
with the values of k and n for the 98.8% of the
acid:
ln (r A ) =ln 5.7203010.032533 ln 909.9
r A =4.5830
mol
Ls
60
4382.121
dCa=r A V dt
0
V =12.6272 L
Using equation 5, the conversion is:
Xa=
Xa=0.8
For different concentration, the volume of
the reactor can be solved in the same manner but use
its respective rate law. The results are tabulated as
follows:
Table9.Volume of reactors for different acid
concentration
IV. Conclusion
*Corresponding Author: Tel +639498232072
Email address: villaneagmj@gmail.com
Documentation
The following pictures were taken
before and during the experiment:
Figure 2
Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Acknowledgment
The author would like to extend her sincere
and deepest gratitude to these several people who
contributed a lot to make this journal possible:
To Engr. Marco Angelo Dejucos for sharing
his expertise in the field of Particle Technology.
To Sir Joel Ilagan, our laboratory technician
for preparing the materials and reagents needed the
experiment.
To my teammates for cooperating during the
experiment and to the leader of the team, Rianne
Alipio for leading the team so well.
*Corresponding Author: Tel +639498232072
Email address: villaneagmj@gmail.com
8
To the authors family for the moral and
financial support given.
And above all, to God Almighty for the
unending guidance and for motivating the author to
finish this journal effectively.
References
[1],[2] Perry., Chemical Engineering Handbook 7th
edition
Tables
Figures
[1 Preparation of Materials
9
[3] Waiting until the reaction is completed
[4] Fresh from the oven
[5] Pounded produced graphite
[6] Weighing of the graphite