1

Semester 1, 2016/2017
SKAA 2513 HYDRAULICS (Section 3)
(CASE STUDY = 20% Marks)
Lecturer: Mr Amat Sairin Demun

Objective:
The objectives of this case study are to:
1.
To expose the students to the practical hydraulic engineering design project.
2.
To be able to work in group (team working) to solve engineering work.
FORMAT
1.
This is a GROUP PROJECT not an individual project. A group should have 2 to 3 members. Choose
your own group members. Name your group/company with the selected logo, address and contact
numbers of the responsible engineers.
2.
The group/company members must arrange regular meetings to complete this project. Record the
minutes of the meetings and include in your report.
3.
Your technical report should be typed in English and must be professionally prepared and neatly
arranged. Begin your report with your company profile, introduction of the project and end with
summary and suggestions. The calculations can be handwritten.
4.
Show all computations and sketches/drawings. Highlight the results.
5.
All technical drawings must be originally drawn in A4 or A3 size papers and must be drawn in
engineering manner that include drawing numbers, project title and address, drawing title, names of
engineers, etc. Your drawings or sketches may be prepared by hand or using computers (AutoCAD).
6.
The arrangements of your calculations and the results, the drawings and the presentations of the report
are on your own ideas.
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM
The existing drains for _______ (name your own drainage area) cannot convey water especially during heavy
rain. Flood always occur in the housing area nearby causing uncomfortable live for the people in the area.
Your engineering consultant company has been appointed to solve the problem. CONGRATULATION! The
plan view of the drainage scheme is as shown in FIGURE 1. The channels are non-tidal channels.

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Channel 1: The existing channels are three (3) adjacent (to each other) circular concrete culverts located under
a roadway of 15 m wide. Diameter = 1.3 m. The normal water depth during the heaviest monsoon rain is only
1.11 m.
Channel 2: The existing is short grassed earth rectangular open channel of 1.24 m width and 1.10 m high. The
channel is 1.5 km long. This channel cannot convey water and must be replaced by a properly lined best
hydraulic section. The width of the reserved government land for this channel is 3 m.
Channel 3: The existing is short grassed earth trapezoidal open channel with a bottom width of 0.40 m, 0.66 m
high and side slope of 750 on both sides. The channel is 1.63 km long. The flow rate during the monsoon is
6.66 m3/s. This channel also cannot convey the flow rate and must be replaced by a properly lined best
hydraulic channel. The width of the reserved government land for this channel is 3 m.
Channel 4: The existing are two adjacent circular concrete culverts of diameter 0.6 m each under a roadway of
7.6 m wide. These culverts cannot convey water and must be replaced by several designed circular culverts to
cater the maximum designed flow rate. The available concrete culverts inner diameters in the local markets are
0.6 m, 0.7 m, 0.8 m, 0.9 m, 1.0 m, 1.2 m and 1.4 m only. The road thickness above the culverts is 0.5 m. The
culverts are 100 mm of standard thickness.
Channel 5: The existing is grassed earth trapezoidal channel with bottom width of 2.0 m, 0.82 m high and side
slope of 1(V):2(H) on both sides. The channel is 3.5 km long. This channel cannot convey the flowing water
and must be reengineered by an earth channel with a maximum permissible velocity of 1.154 m/s and side slope
of 1(V):2(H) on both sides. The width of the reserved government land for this channel is 7 m.
Channel 6: The existing is a very wide wetland (government owned land) covered with grass and small bushes.
The bottom slope is 0.0002 and is 1.38 km long. The wetland width is 100 m. It is recommended to maintain
this wetland to sustain ecological system. It is desired to calculate the water depth in this wetland.
Structure A: This is a concrete bridge for Jalan _______ crossing Channel 5. The bridge has one circular pier
of diameter 0.8 m located at the middle of the channel. Determine whether this bridge pier will cause
backwater to the flow in Channel 5. Calculate the flow depth under the bridge.

CONSTRUCTION COST
1.
Excavation cost = RM 4.50/m3.
2.
Lining cost = RM 8.00/m2. This includes the cost to built bracings if any.
3.
Fencing = RM 4.90 per meter long (of standard height). Including labor cost. Fencing is required only
for channels with supercritical flows.
4.
Culvert price = RM 110 per meter long per meter inner diameter (including transportation).
5.
Cost to replace road surfaces = RM 215/m2.
6.
Land reclaiming cost = RM 52/m2.

YOUR JOB
1.
To prove that some of the existing channels cannot convey the full flow of water.
2.
To redesign the channels (Channel 2, 3, 4, and 5). To design the channels, use the following two
methods: (i) using manual computations and (ii) using available computer programs i.e. NORMAL,
BESTSEC and CHDESIGN.
3.
To calculate the water depth in Channel 6. To confirm no backwater occur due to Bridge A pier and to
calculate the flow depth under the bridge.
4.
Your report should include drawings of: (1) Channels cross sections existing and the new designed,
(2) Channels alignments plan view show/color the channels and the reserved and reclaimed land, and
(3) Hydraulic flow profiles.
5.
To calculate the total cost to construct your designed project.

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Marks Distributions
#

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Company Profile and Project site information

Records of Regular Meetings (Date, time, place, attendance and agenda)
Proving the existing channels cannot convey full flow of water.
To calculate the design flow rate in Channel 1
To design Channel 2 (Manual and Computer Program)
To design Channel 3 (Manual and Computer Program)
To design Channel 4 (Manual and Computer Program)
To design Channel 5 (Manual and Computer Program)
To calculate flow depth in Channel 6
To confirm no backwater occur due to Bridge A pier and to calculate the flow depth
under the bridge
Drawings: Channel cross sections (Channel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) existing and new design
Drawings: Channel alignments plan view showing channels, reserved and reclaimed
land.
Drawing: Hydraulic flow profiles
To calculate the total cost of the designed project
General Presentation
TOTAL =

11
12
13
14
15

Date Assigned: 26 September 2016

DUE DATE: Before 4:00 pm on 19 December 2016

Marks
Allocated
(%)
3
2
4
5
10
10
10
10
3
8
8
7
5
10
5
100%

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Suggested Mannings n
Type of Channel and Description
A. Closed Conduits Flowing Partly Full
a. Steel
1. Lock bar and welded
2. Riveted and spiral
b. Corrugated metal
1. Sub-drain
2. Storm drain
c. Clay
1. Common drainage tile
2. Vitrified sewer
3. Vitrified sewer with manholes, inlet, etc.
4. Vitrified sewer with open joint
d. Cement
1. Neat surface
2. Mortar
e. Concrete
1. Culvert, straight and free of debris
2. Culvert with bends, connections and some debris
3. Culvert finished
B. Lined or Built-up Channels
a. Cement
1. Neat surface
2. Mortar
b. Concrete
1. Trowel finish
2. Finished with gravel on bottom
3. Unfinished
c. Concrete bottom float finished with sides of:
1. Dressed stone in mortar
2. Random stone in mortar
3. Cement rubble masonry, plastered
4. Cement rubble masonry
5. Dry rubble or riprap
d. Brickwork
1. Glazed
2. In cement mortar
e. Masonry
1. Cemented rubble
2. Dry rubble
f. Asphalt
1. Smooth
2. Rough

Minimum

Normal

Maximum

0.010
0.013

0.012
0.016

0.014
0.017

0.017
0.021

0.019
0.024

0.021
0.030

0.011
0.011
0.013
0.014

0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016

0.017
0.017
0.017
0.018

0.010
0.011

0.011
0.013

0.013
0.014

0.010
0.011
0.011

0.011
0.013
0.015

0.013
0.014
0.017

0.010
0.011

0.011
0.013

0.013
0.015

0.011
0.015
0.014

0.013
0.017
0.017

0.015
0.020
0.020

0.015
0.017
0.016
0.020
0.020

0.017
0.020
0.020
0.025
0.030

0.020
0.024
0.024
0.030
0.035

0.011
0.012

0.013
0.015

0.015
0.018

0.017
0.023

0.025
0.032

0.030
0.035

0.013
0.016

0.013
0.016

---

C. Excavated or Dredged
a. Earth, straight and uniform
1. Clean, recently completed
0.016
0.018
0.020
2. Clean, after weathering
0.018
0.022
0.025
3. Gravel, uniform section, clean
0.022
0.025
0.030
4. With short grass, few weeds
0.022
0.027
0.033
b. Earth, winding and sluggish
1. No vegetation
0.023
0.025
0.030
2. Short grass, some weeds
0.025
0.030
0.033
3. Dense weeds or aquatic plants in deep channels
0.030
0.035
0.040
c. Earth, not maintained, weeds and grass uncut
1. Dense weeds, high as flow depth
0.050
0.080
0.120
2. Clean bottom, grass on sides
0.040
0.050
0.080
Source: Chow, V.T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics Mc-Graw-Hill International Editions, Singapore