LAB REPORT

INSTRUMENTATION AND
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
M.ARSALAN AHMED
140582
BEMTS V-A
SUBMITTED TO
SIR SALMAN BARI

OBJECTIVE:To locate and describe the operation of the various circuit blocks on your
TRANSDUCER FUNDAMENTALS circuit board, and verify the results by
interconnections and taking measurements.
INTRODUCTION:The TRANSDUCER FUNDAMENTALS circuit board contains 8 transducer circuit
blocks, each of which is used to demonstrate the operation of a specific
transducer.
The transducer blocks are:

IC TRANSDUCER
THERMISTOR
RTD
THERMOCOUPLE
STRAIN GUAGE
A thermocouple is an electrical device consisting of two different conductors
forming electrical junctions at differing temperatures. A thermocouple produces a
temperature-dependent voltage as a result of the thermoelectric effect, and this
voltage can be interpreted to measure temperature. Thermocouples are a widely
used type of temperature sensor.
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs),
are sensors used to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of
fine wire wrapped around a ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also
used. The RTD wire is a pure material, typically platinum, nickel, or copper. The
material has an accurate resistance/temperature relationship which is used to
provide an indication of temperature. As RTD elements are fragile, they are often
housed in protective probes.
A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance is dependent on temperature,
more so than in standard resistors. Thermistors are widely used as inrush current
limiter, temperature sensors (Negative Temperature Coefficient or NTC type
typically), self-resetting overcurrent protectors, and self-regulating heating elements.
(Positive Temperature Coefficient or PTC type typically).
A strain gauge (or strain gage) is a device used to measure strain on an object, the
most common type of strain gauge consists of an insulating flexible backing which
supports a metallic foil pattern. The gauge is attached to the object by a suitable
adhesive, such as cyanoacrylate. As the object is deformed, the foil is deformed,
causing its electrical resistance to change. This resistance change, usually measured
using a Wheatstone bridge, is related to the strain by the quantity known as
the gauge factor.
An integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor or ICP sensor is a device used to
measure dynamic pressure, force, strain, or acceleration. It contains a sensing
element made of piezoelectric material, which converts mechanical strain into an
electrical signal, and an electronic circuit to amplify this signal and transmit it to an
external device.

EQUIPMENT:The Transducer Fundamental Circuit Board

IC TRANSDUCER
PROCEDURE:Place a two-post connector in the OVEN ENABLE position of the IC TRANSDUCER
circuit block. Place shunt in 40 C position of TEMP header. Then measure voltage
at 40C using digital multimeter.
CALCULATIONS:Expected voltage at 40C = 5V
Measured voltage = 4.95 V
THERMISTOR
PROCEDURE:In thermistor block insert 2 two-post connectors as shown in manual. Use
multimeter to measure DC volts. The output at 40C should be 50mV. Adjust CAL
pot for a volt meter reading of 50mV.
CALCULATIONS:Output voltage at 40C (without calibration) = 33.7 mV
Output voltage at 40C (with calibration) = 50.3 mV
RTD
PROCEDURE:Move TEMP shunt in IC TRANSDUCER circuit block to 45C. Observe the OVEN ON
LED and allow it to complete several cycles till 45C. Use Digitalmultimeter to
calculate the DC voltage.
CALCULATIONS:Output voltage at 40C (without calibration) = 42.3mV
Output voltage at 40C (with calibration) = 50.2 mV
Output voltage at 45C (without calibration) = 67.1mV
Output voltage at 45C (without calibration) = 75.1mV
THERMCOUPLE
PROCEDURE:Connect the voltmeter in the thermocouple circuit. It has two potentiometers
labelled as CAL and REF. Adjust REF at 40C = -204mV. This output is used to
drive another amplifier located in thermocouple block. Now adjust this
thermocouple block at 40C = 5V.

CALCULATIONS:REF voltage at 40C (without calibration) = -206mV

REF voltage at 40C (with calibration) = -204.6mV
CAL voltage at 40C (without calibration) = 6.6V
CAL voltage at 40C (with calibration) = 5V
STRAIN GUAGE
PROCEDURE:Connect the digitalmultimeter and make sure that the output is zero when no
force is applied. Insert 2 post connector in the strain gauge circuit. Adjust the
output voltage to zero with no load on the beam.
CALCULATIONS:Adjustment = 7cm
CONCLUSIONS

The TRANSDUCER FUNDAMENTALS circuit board has eight transducer

circuit blocks.
It also has three auxiliary blocks.
The circuit board has jacks for insertion of two post connectors.
The circuit contains an oven controller that regulates oven temperature for
all four temperature transducer blocks.
Some circuits has been calibrated to establish relationship between input
quantity and output parameter.