1. Calculate the heat loss per m2 of surface area for an insulating wall compossed of 25.

4
mm thick fiber insulating board, where the inside temperature is 352.7 K and the
outside temperature is 297.1.
Diketahui :
x = 0.0254 m
A = 1 m2
Ti = T inside = 352.7 K
To = T outside = 297.1 K
Ditanya : q/A = ? Dimana A = 1 m2
Dijawab :
q
T k
=k
=
(Ti)
A
x x
Mencari nilai k, dari appendix A.3.15 (Geankoplis:Transfer Process and unit
Operation) yakni koefisien konduksi untuk insulasi berbahan kayu. Didapatkan k =
0.048 W/m.K.
q 0.048
=
( 297.1352.7 )
A 0.0254
q
W
=105.07087 2
A
m

2. A thick walled cylindrical tubing of hard rubber having an inside radius of 5 mm and
an outside radius of 20 mm is being used as a temporary cooling coil in a bath. Ice
water is flowing rapidly inside and the inside temperature is 274.9 K. The outside
surface temperature is 297.1 K. A total of 14.65 W must be removed from the bath by
the cooling coil. How many m of tubing are needed?
Diketahui:
Sebuah pipa berbentuk silinder memiliki
r1 = jari-jari dalam = 0.005 m
r2 = jari-jari luar = 0.02 m
T1 = suhu dalam pipa = 274.9 K
T2 = suhu di permukaan luar pipa = 297.1 K
q = panas yang ingin dihilangkan = 14.65 W
Ditanya : panjang pipa yang dibutuhkan (m), L = ?
Dijawab :
L dimisalkan sepanjang 2 meter dan transfer panas bergerak ke arah radial sepanjang
L.
A1 = 2r1L = 2(3.14)(0.005)(2) = 0.0628 m2
A2 = 2r1L = 2(3.14)(0.020)(2) = 0.2512 m2

Karena perpindahan panas terjadi dalam pipa, maka luas permukaan yang digunakan
adalah luas permukaan rata-rata dengan rumus sebagai berikut :
A lm=

A 2 A1 0.25120.0628
=
A2
0.2512
ln
ln
0.0628
A1

A lm=0.13590 m2
Nilai koefisien transfer panas konduksi berbahan rubber berdasarkan data di appendix
A.3.15 adalah 0.151 W/m.K.
Selanjutnya mencari nilai panas yang dihilangkan, yakni
k Alm
0.151 ( 0.13590 )
q=
T 2T 1 )=
(297.1274.9)
(
r 2r 1
0.0200.005
q=30.37067W

Tanda minus menyatakan panas yang hilang. Selanjutnya mencari panjang pipa yang
dibutuhkan, jika panas yang ingin dihilangkan sebesar 14.65 W, yakni dengan
menggunakan perbandingan senilai.
30.37067 W 14.65 W
=
2m
L

L=

14.65W ( 2 m )
30.37067 W

L=0.9657 m

Jadi, panjang pipa (koil) yang dibutuhkan untuk menghilangkan panas sebesar 14.65
W adalah 0.9657 m.
3. A cold storage room is constructed of an inner layer of 12.7 mm of pine, a middle
layer of 101.6 mm of cork board, and an outer layer of 76.2 mm of concrete. The wall
surface temperature is 255.4 K inside the cold room and 297.1 K at the outside
surface of the concrete. Use conductivities from appendix A.3 for pine, 0.151; cork
board, 0.0433; and for concrete, 0.762 W/m.K. Calculate the heat loss in W for 1 m 2
and the temperature at the interface between the wood and the cork board.
Diketahui:
Ruang penyimpanan kondisi dingin dibuat dengan 3 lapisan yakni
xA = tebal lapisan dari pine = 0.0127 m
xB = tebal lapisan dari cork board = 0.1016 m

xC = tebal lapisan dari concrete = 0.0762 m

T1 = suhu di dalam ruang penyimpanan = 255.4 K
T4 = suhu di luar luar ruangan (concrete) = 297.1 K
kA = 0.151 W/m.K
kB = 0.0433 W/m.K
kC = 0.762 W/m.K
Ditanya: q (W) = ? Jika, A= 1 m2
T2,T3 = ?
Dijawab:
Sketsa
A: Pine

B: Cork C:concrete
Board
T2

T1
xA
q=

q=

T4

T3

xB

xC

T 1T 2 T 2T 3 T 3T 4
T 1T 4
=
=
=
xA
xB
xC
x A xB xC
+
+
kA A
kB A
kC A
kA A kB A kC A

T 1 T 4
x A xB xC
+
+
k A A k B A kC A

Masukkan semua nilai yang diketahui ke dalam persamaan di atas.

q=

q=

255.4297.1
0.0127
0.1016
0.0762
+
+
0.151(1) 0.0433(1) 0.762(1)
41.7
41.7
=
0.08411+2.34642+0.1 2.53053

q=16.47876 W

Tanda minus menyatakan arahnya berlawanan. Selanjutnya mencari nilai T2,T3.

q=

T 1T 2
xA
= T 2=T 1q
xA
kAA
kA A

T 2 =255.4(16.47876 ) ( 0.08411 ) =256.78603 K

T 3 =T 2q

xB
kB A

T 3 =256.78603(16.47876 ) ( 2.34642 )
T 3 =295.45212 K

4. A thick walled tube of stainless steel (A) having a k = 21.63 W/m.K with dimensions
of 0.0254 m ID and 0.0508 m OD is covered with a 0.0254 m layer of asbestos (B)
insulation, k = 0.24233 W/m.K. The inside wall temperature of the pipe is 811 K and
the outside temperature surface of the insulation is at 310.8 K. For a 0.305 m length of
pipe, calculate the heat loss and also the temperature at the interface between the
metal and the insulation.
Diketahui:
Pipa stainless steel = A
r1 = ID = 0.0127 m
r2 = OD = 0.0254 m
kA = 21.63 W/m.K
Insulasi Asbestos = B
r = 0.0254 m
r3 = r2 + r = 0.0508 m
kB = 0.2423 W/m.K
T1 = suhu di permukaan dalam pipa = 811 K
T3 = suhu di permukaan luar pipa = 310.8 K
L = 0.305 m
Ditanya: q = ?
T2 = ?

Sketsa
B
A
T1 T2 T3

Dijawab:
T T 2 T 2T 3
T 1 T 3
q= 1
=
=
r 2 r 1
r 3r 2
r 2r 1 r 3 r 2
+
k A A lmA k B AlmB k A AlmA k B AlmB
Mencari luas permukaan perpindahan panas (A) dan luas rata-rata berdasarkan
perubahan suhu (Alm).

A1 = 2r1L = 2(3.14)(0.0127)( 0.305) = 0.02433 m2

A2 = 2r2L = 2(3.14)(0.0254)( 0.305) = 0.04865 m2
A3 = 2r3L = 2(3.14)(0.0508)( 0.305) = 0.09654 m2
A lmA =

A lmB =

A2 A 1 0.048650.02433
=
=0.03509 m2
A2
0.04865
ln
ln
0.02433
A1
A 3 A 2 0.096540.04865
2
=
=0.06988 m
A3
0.09654
ln
ln
0.04865
A2

subtitusikan ke persamaanq
q=

811310.8
500.2
=
0.02540.0127 0.05080.0254 0.01673+1.50012
+
21.63(0.03509) 0.2423(0.06988)

q=329.76234 W

Mencari nilai T2.

T T 2
r r
q= 1
= T 2=T 1q 2 1
r 2 r 1
k A AlmA
k A A lmA

T 2 =811329.76234 ( 0.01673 )=805.48308 K

5. Saturated steam at 267 OF is flowing inside a in steel pipe having an ID of 0.824 in.
and an OD of 1.050 in. The pipe is insulated with 1.5 in of insulation on the outside.
The convective coefficient for the inside steam surface of the pipe is estimated as h i =
1000 btu/h.ft.OF, and the convective coefficient on the outside of the lagging is
estimated as hO = 2 btu/h.ft.OF. The mean thermal conductivity of the metal is 45
W/m.K or 26 btu/h.ft.OF and 0.064 W/m.K or 0.037 btu/h.ft.OF for the insulation.
a. Calculate the heat loss for 1 ft of pipe using resistancesif the surrounding air is at
80 OF
b. Repeat using the overall Ui based on the inside area Ai.
Diketahui:

sketsa

Ti = suhu didalam pipa = 267 OF

r1 = ID = 0.412 in = 0.03433 ft
r2 = OD = 0.525 in = 0.04375 ft

B
A

r = 1.5 in = 0.125 ft
r3 = r2 + r = 0.16875 ft
hi = koefisien konveksi di dalam pipa = 1000 btu/h.ft.OF
ho = koefisien konveksi di luar pipa = 2 btu/h.ft.OF
kA = koefisien konduksi metal = 26 btu/h.ft.OF
kB = koefisien konduksi insulasi = 0.037 btu/h.ft.OF
Ditanya: a. q = .? L= 1 ft, TO = suhu diluar (udara) = 80 OF
b. Ui = .?
Dijawab:
r 2r
r 3 r
1
+
+
k A A lmA k B A lmB ho Ao
1
+
hi A i
r 3r
T 3T o T i T o
=
=
k B AlmB
1
ho A o
r 2 r
T T
= 2 3
k A AlmA
T T 1 T 1T 2
q= 0
=
1
hi A i
1

Ai = A1 = 2r1L = 2(3.14)( 0.03433)( 1) = 0.21559 ft2

A2
= 2r2L = 2(3.14)( 0.04375)( 1) = 0.27475 ft2
Ao = A3 = 2r3L = 2(3.14)( 0.16875)( 1) = 1.05975 ft2
Mencari A rata-rata:
A lmA =

A lmB =

A2 A i 0.274750.21559
2
=
=0.24397 ft
A2
0.27475
ln
ln
0.21559
Ai

A o A 2 1.059750.27475
=
=0.58151 ft 2
Ao
1.05975
ln
ln
0.27475
A2

1
1
ft 2 . h
=
=0.00464
hi A i 1000(0.21559)
btu
r 2r
0.043750.03433
ft 2 . h
=
=0.00149
k A A lmA
26( 0.24397)
btu

r 3r
0.168750.04375
ft 2 . h
=
=5.80967
k B AlmB
0.037( 0.58151)
btu

1
1
ft 2 .h
=
=0.47181
ho A o 2(1.05975)
btu
T i T o =26780=187 o F
Masukkan semua nilai di atas ke dalam persamaan, untuk mencari nilai q.
r 2r
r 3 r
1
187
+
+
=
k A A lmA k B A lmB ho Ao 0.00464+ 0.00149+5.80967+0.47181
1
+
hi Ai
T T o
q= i

q=29.741

btu
h

Selanjutnya mencari nilai Ui.

o
T i T

o
T i T

Ai
q=U i A i

2 r 1
r

2
3 r
Ai

Ai
Ai
+
h i Ai
1
U i=
U i=

1
btu
=0.73771
0.001+0.00032+1.25251+0.10172
h . ft 2 . F

Masukkan ke dalam persamaan q, untuk mengetahui hasilnya sama atau tidak.

o
T i T

0.21559) (267-80) = 29.741 btu/h

q=U i A i