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198681226
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Shouichi Yoshida[]
1986

49

Bulletin of Taiwan Historical Research,

NTNU No6, pp.3-52, December 2013

Writing and Displaying Agricultural Knowledge: The Case

Study of Rice Breeds Transition of Northern Taiwan in 19th Century
Chang-Hao Tsai

Abstract
Rice cultivation was one of the most important land developments in Qing
Dynasty Taiwan. Not only was rice a valuable food, since it was also connected
to the tax, trade, and transformation of landscapes, numerous researchers
continued to discuss this subject. However, paddy and upland rice has more than
one variation. During the time when neither dominant political power nor
business organizations had the ability to determine the breed to be grown, breed
selection involved the consideration of multiple aspects. In addition, long
cultivation duration of one breed might result in hybrids or variations. New
species were therefore derived and created, and the number of new breeds was
innumerable. Thriving crops might even depict patterns and waves of rice that
were composed of differing breeds.
Nonetheless, few studies have discussed which rice breed was favored in
the period, what were the characteristics of the breed, and how was the breed
distributed. Rice cultivation was a comprehensive knowledge recorded in
chapters concerning local product chronicles. Moreover, it was quoted in several
documents and contracts. The characteristics of the recorded breeds are the

50

starting point for observing agricultural management in Qing Dynasty, and the
records also serve as an indicator of the level of knowledge for government
officials and intellectuals.
The northern Taiwan is unique in its cultural and geographical
environments. Several local chronicles were published during the 19th century.
This period can be observed independently to examine the transition and change
of rice breeds, several aspects of the agricultural cultivation techniques, and how
government officials and intellectuals recorded and depicted local breeds. Based
on this study, a total of 47 breeds were recorded in the local chronicle in 19
century Northern Taiwan. This number might be few, compared to recursive
studies in the beginning of the 20th century. Furthermore, there was no
systematic standard for the appearances, seasons of cultivation, and cultivation
environments. The number of new breeds, however, amounted to 33, which was
relatively high and could be regarded as an epitome of the era. Regardless of the
breeds, the recorded ones were of high quality, quantity, and adaptability. Thus,
the writing of rice cultivation for 19th century Northern Taiwan was a story of
based on agricultural knowledge and distinguishing features that prioritized
yields, adaptability to the circumstances, and the distribution of seasons.

Keywords: rice, long-grained rice, gluttonous rice, agricultural knowledge,

plans taxonomy

51

52