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-- j---
--- me ..?
-D. Srikanth Reddy
Eo d----o, F FO o
d , -E-o d- \.
He likes you more than me (-E - -y-- \ d. *a--p
I, me - v-h --L.)
- T. Srinivas Reddy
Q: Sir, I have confusion in using English
helping verbs such as would, could and
even if. - Please explain these.
A: Would - i) expresses future from the past.
Compare: a) I think (now) he will help me.
b) I thought (in the past) he would help
me. (---o
h-E.)
ii) Would in the question form expresses
polite requests in the present = u---
-i u-n.
Eg: Would you help me, please? (h
h?)
iii) 'Would' is sometimes used to express a
wish.
Eg: I would (I wish) they were here (now)
= -E-\ ---! -
E-\ - .
iv) 'Would' refers to a past habit = -E
.
Eg: I would go for long walks when I was
a student. ( Nu-Jn o-p
\ ---E)
v) Unwillingness in the past - I requested
him for help, but he would not (refused
to) give it. ( Eo -E
- Murali Krishna
Q: Sir can you explain meanings of was,
were, has, have, had in Telugu?
A: Was = o/ C.
Eg: I was there yesterday.
Were = oN/ o.
Eg: We were there yesterday.
Has - used with he / she / it.
Eg: a) The boy (he) / the girl (she) has a
pen.
b) The car (it) has four wheels.
Have - used with I / we / you / they. I /we /
you / they (my friends / the students) have
all the books.
Eg: Cars (they) have wheels.
Had - the past tense of have / has. Used with
all subjects (I / we / you / they) = Possessed
in the past ( C DEo Fo subjects
a.)
- Ramakishore Vattipalli
vi) Expresses a choice when used with
rather: Harischandra would rather die
than tell a lie. (J-a-v --E-j
l F, l p)
COULD: Used i) as the past form of can.
(
---E p ----o). I
thought he could do it. ( ----E ----o.)
ii) To express a possibility (----E N). Take care, there could be
snakes there. (vh, \ ---.)
iii) 'Could' in the question form expresses
the politest requests: Could you help
me please? ( h --?
p)
Even if = though / although / even though
--J .)
( - C--, - p/
h .)
Eg: She thought she could get / earn / score
brownie points from her mother-inlaw by doing all the household work.
(---Fo h-J p
---E -C.)
- T. Leela Krishna
Q: Sir, what is the difference between argued
and argumented?
A: Argued = explained why you support /
don't support something (C-). No
such word as 'argumented' in English.
There is the word 'augmented' = increased.
(/ \ .)
Q: Please let me know the actual meaning of
prompting?
A: To prompt is to help an actor remember
their dialogue. (- x p-Lq -
- C-, - *.)
- M. Sankaraiah
Q: Please explain which type of subordinate
clause is this?
Tell me how you found that out.
A: 'How you found that out' is a noun clause,
object of the verb, 'tell'. Put the question
what (-JE) / whom (Eo) to the verb, and
the answer you get is the object of the verb.
In this sentence, 'how you got the job'
answers the question, 'Tell me what?' and
you get the answer, how you found that
out. So it acts as the object of the verb,
knows.
Vocabulary
1. Fuel = a) Substance used to provide heat /
power ( v N)
Eg: Petrol is used as a fuel for cars.
b) Increase or make something stronger
(/ ---)
Eg: Careful planning fuels growth
(*
u %ClE -C)
Fuel Dampen (E-q----/
(- -- C-)
q
O Fx x)
\- *a--p- x ---.
x.)
- Pravina G
Q: Please clarify which one of the following
is correct. After retirement I have settled
in / at / down at Hyderabad.
A: After retirement I settled in Hyderabad Correct. Usually we use 'in' before big
cities, and big places, and 'at' before
small places, villages, etc.
--)
b) Cause (---/ J--p)
Eg: The violence in the city prompted the
police to take immediate action. (-
-E - M-- ~ u J--LpC.)
Prompt Unresponsive (p -)
c) Encourage (vq--)
Eg: On his friend's prompting he attended
the interview. ( o-E vs/
- O Bv/ u
v-Eo Eg--NC.)
Momentous Trivial ( vu E/
*o N)
-- j---
Vocabulary
1. Hinder = Obstruct / stop
Apart from
- - ...?
- S. Mallikharjun
(f-T-/
).
Eg: His laziness is hindering his
progress.
(--)
2. Decline = a) Refuse politely (u---
A- \-J-).
Eg: They offered her the top position in
the company but she declined it.
Decline Accept (y-J-/ p--)
b) Decrease (_/ .)
Eg: The birth rate in that country is
declining = there is a fall in the number of births in the country.
3. Progressive = Supporting new ideas,
methods and change (u-- --
o).
Eg: The father, being orthodox (--C -), does not like the progressive ideas of his son.
Progressive Retrogressive (A--
y)
4. Negotiate = a) Reaching an agreement
through discussions (a- J- \-J--).
Eg: The prime ministers of the two
neighbouring countries have reached
an agreement through negotiations.
b) Pass a difficult part of a route (d
o _Eo .)
Eg: She negotiated the narrow curve on
her way home.
5. Faith = a) Belief in somebody's ability or
knowledge (t/ Ny).
Eg: I have faith in you; I know you can
do what you have promised to do
b) Religion (). Hindu faith = Hindu
religion.
Eg: Students in schools and colleges
meet members of different faiths.
c) Strong religious belief (----i
t.)
Eg: Faith does not admit of any doubts
(t o-p - ).
d) In good faith = with good intentions
(t-.)
Eg: They handed him the big amount of
money in good faith.
Faith Distrust (--t)
-, F -- .)
Should have been = expected as a rule to
(---Lq-/ ---Lq-
-- -F --/ --.)
- Nehemiah
- A. Veeranjaneyulu
--p E Na , E *
--EN.)
Eg: The car has a built-in / an inbuilt
automatic door closure system. (-
-- - A
Na C.)
Q: Sir, what is the meaning of sentence
'Barring accidents, she comes in time'?
A: If there are no accidents on the way she
comes here at the right time.
x - .)
(E--)
increasing on its own (-.)
something
( V--V --C.)
u *a d u
d .)
b) (Computer) Revert (come back) automatically to a pre-selected form.
Eg: The computer reverted to default as it
did not have access to the programme
(j vv -- nA
.)
Much less: Eg: The rice in this bag is
- Hari Prasad
- K. Venkata Ramana
- Srinivas Banothu
- Murali Krishna
-d-- F l p.)
c) To some extent - The jewel is rather
costly. Used mostly with bad things.
Eg: The movie was rather boring.
Q: Please explain the usage of 'for' at the starting of the sentence. Eg: For I am sure that
if he reforms his ways?
A: For (if used at the beginning of a sentence)
= because.
Eg: I don't like him. For he is a rogue.
- Ramakrishna U, Payakaraopet.
Q: I can understand gist of sentence in English
but I cannot write in English properly. How
can I improve English writing skills properly. I request you to solve my problem.
A: You can improve your writing ability by
reading books in English, and listening to
English news telecasts in English. The next
step: Practise writing short sentences on
any topic you like. Then go on to short
paragraphs. This kind of practice will help
you to improve your ability of writing.
- Sahana Aaliya
Q: Sir, please explain the word 'she hurt'.
A: She hurt - wrong. It should be, 'She hurt
herself' (She was injured) / She hurt
somebody (she caused injury / suffering
- physically or mentally - somebody)
-- j---
Among, amongst
- Tejaswini
B------- x.)
3) Maoist = Maoist is one who follows the
principles of Mao Ze Dong, the Chinese
communist leader.
4) Militant = Active and determined and willing to use force to bring about a change
they desire (Bv--).
- Madhu, Kurnool
Q: Sir, can we say like this in English?
1. I am given books always (- h-
p- -h-.)
2. I am said work always (-
-p- -E
----.)
A: 1) Correct.
2) I am told to work always.
- Virender, Hyderabad.
a, F C Eo- -
-h- n )
While that being so = Though that is so
(C o-p-)
Eg: While that being so, I don't see how
I am responsible for it. (C o-
p-/ C --p-, E
u- n --.)
-..?
Wrest:
- Nandan, Durgarao
Vocabulary
1. Abrupt = Sudden and unexpected
/ Bv --.)
2) Impetus = i) The force / energy with
which a body moves (h C---p
E- h.)
ii) Something that causes something to
happen or happen faster. ( -
J-- - ---.)
3) Headway = Progress
4) Wrest = Pull something from the hands of
a person (-- \-)
5) Absconder = One who escapes (p--
E J---)
6) Flagship = i) Ship used by the commander of a group of ships, and carrying the
flag of the commander. ( --E
C-J , E )
ii) The best product that a company
makes, or the most important of the
companies in a group. ( F p-
Ah u-h--iC/ -F -E u-h F)
7) Vie = Compete ( )
8) Vanquish = Defeat (-)
9) Anticipate = Imagine or expect something will happen (---C -)
10) Lodge = i) A place where people stay
temporarily (NvA / A)
ii) File a case against somebody (-J-
O-j d.)
(o-
d -E N J-C)
(E -- o-d
J-TC. -o-\ p
tLo a-u--J-*C.)
Abrupt Gradual / leisurely (v v/
BJ-)
2. Beverage = A drink of any kind (N-i
F--i)
Eg: The cafe sells all kinds of beverages
including tea, coffee, etc. It does not
sell alcoholic beverages.
Beverage Solid food (-)
3. Compensate = Pay money for the loss or
damage or for some problem caused (d--
)
4. Descend = Get down / climb down (C
C)
Eg: He descended the stairs as soon as he
heard someone knocking at his door.
Descend Ascend (climb up - j \)
5. Obstinate = Stubborn (/ d d
N-- )
J-.)
- pC N.)
- -V Jh --E -ho.)
-- j---
Vocabulary
1. Retain = Keep back with you / continue to
have something (---_ -----.)
Eg: i) We retain half of the ticket until the
movie is over.
ii) She still retains control over the business. (- -u--O- -- ---C.)
Retain Surrender (--- ----)/
give away (--y-/ -----)
u--x N-FA-E vy -
----C.)
Curb Encourage / aid / assist (vq-/ --)
F, )
Eg: He was to be here yesterday = We
thought he would be here / should have
been yesterday but he was not. (Eo
\ -LqC, F .)
2) Deem = Consider (J---), Deemed to
be = considered to be (J---ho.)
Eg: i) Certain great educational institutions in the country are deemed (to
be) universities.
ii) He is deemed fit for the job. (
u--E | E N-h-o.)
3) Deemed to have been = Considered in the
past. ( J----.)
Eg: He was deemed to have been a great
freedom fighter. (Eo p yvu
- J----.)
4) Be it so = Let it be so ( F/ h.)
(- .)
Eg: These saris are all manual products.
(Fo - ----N, v .)
Manual Automatic (E v
v- --uN.)
5. Miser = A person who does not spend
money even on necessities.
Miser Spendthrift
- N. Naresh
Q: Sir, how to differentiate rupee and rupees
and lakh, lakhs?
A: When you talk about the price of something you use rupees (plural.)
Eg: The project costs two lakh rupees.
When you talk about the value of something in terms of money, you use rupee.
Eg: It is a two lakh rupee project.
Similarly the book costs Rs.300 / It is a
three hundred rupee book.
- Paddu Sambangi
Q: Sir, as you know there are some letters that
comes silent or we wont spell when we read
in that word. I would like to know what are
that letters and how to identify easily? Is
there any important points to remember?
A: No rules which letter in which word is
silent. It depends on the language from
which the word entered English language.
Very difficult to know this. All that you can
do is when you come across a new word,
look up the dictionary for the pronunciation.
( )
Not any = None ( )
- Sireesha
Q: Sir, please translate the below sentences
into English.
1. -- -E -- -h-o-.
2. - -- -o- -h-o--.
3. - -- -v -h-o-.
4. - - --T-C.
5. - -u --T-C (small wound on the
hand while cooking or something like
that)
A: 1) I am getting my child ready.
2) I am giving a bath to my little son.
3) I am having / getting our baby dressed
up.
4) My shoe is damaged.
5) My hand was injured / I injured my
hand while cooking.
Q: I am taking maths class to some students
so, after completion of the class whether I
have to ask "understood?" or "understand?" And what should be the answer
by students "understood?" or "understand?" - Please explain.
- Vijay Murram
- Srikanth Reddy
Words' commonest
meanings
Antonyms
1. Start / launch
Cease (stop)
Botch / mishandle
Dissuade (convince a
person not to dissuade something).
The doctor dissuaded
him from smoking.
4. Conquer / win
Be defeated
Admit / accept
(responsibility)
-- j---
--..?
Informal education
L a-d v- v-N
.)
Eg: If you were an officer you would have
the leverage for getting things done
(O C-J O --
-- - C.)
2) Resonated with me = If an experience or
memory resonates with you it makes you
-C-* --)
5) Bristle at = If anything especially things
like hair bristle up, they stand up in fear /
shock ( E\-----, --E,
- P. Balamuralikrishna, Chittoor.
Q: Sir, please explain the following words in
Telugu.
1) Bare Act
2) Extent
3) Par
4) In & As
5) Does not arise
6) Nisi (pule) 7) Mulki
A: 1) Bare act = Only an Act (h d N- O .) The government
publishes in the gazette.
2) Extent = The degree of something ( )
3) Par - Used as a part of the expression, 'on
a par with' = As good or as bad as something else. (-- *C E, C
E.) Par has other meanings as well.
4) In and as = Usually used in film advertisements. Eg: Rajinikanth in and as Kabali.
( *v v E- - .) That is
the star is acting in the film as Kabali.
5) Does not arise = Out of the question (
vo -h)
Cvs-A E)
6) Straddled = Stand with your legs apart on
something (E-O-j x
E.)
- N. Srinivasulu, Adoni.
Q: Sir, please explain the meaning of the following words with examples.
1) Formal education
2) Informal education
3) Non-formal education
A: Formal education is the regular education
one receives at educational institutions like
schools, colleges and universities. (--
-@--)
Q: Earning money in honest way/ in the
honest way is always to be appreciated
/ is always appreciated. - Please clarify.
A: 'Earning money in an honest way is appreciated' and 'Earning money .... is to be
appreciated' - both are correct with slightly different meanings. Earning money in
an honest way is appreciated = We appreciate / Society appreciates earning money
in an honest way. Earning money in an
honest way is to be appreciated = We
should appreciate / society should appreciate earning money in an honest way.
(-E-p-Ah)
Sustain = i) Make something continue
- Dimple, Vijayawada.
o )
2) He is being taken ( Bx --o
p) = Somebody is taking him
(NOW) ( Eo p B--h-o)
3) Somebody took me (past) = (o- B-x )
4) Someone takes him (now / regularly ) (o- B--h p / v p-)
5) This is meaningless - DE n . DE
n --f - ?
, -- -- G Nu.)
Informal education is the education one
yv--o, @N --
Nu)
Non-formal education is the education one
Vocabulary
1. Mercy = Compassion / pity (L/ )
Eg: As the man was beating the boy, the
boy was begging for mercy.
Mercy Cruelty / ill will (v- u/ t_ )
2. Barbarous = Uncivilised / rude / brutal
( .)
(--J--i)
Eg: In the past punishments given to children at school were barbarous.
( -----x x P~
--J- N.)
Barbarous Refined / cultured (\---i)
3. Instant = Immediate (~)
Drizzle Downpour
5. Relevant = Connected with what is being
discussed / what is written (-C-*/
~ ---* -- E
--E L---hC.)
Instant Delayed (-u-i)
o.)
sCl o.)
-s-*- C.)
(J-E/ --E)