ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

When I look back after the successful completion of the project I feel a great
sense of gratitude and pride for having the University has been the inspiration and guiding
light for the confidence that made me successful.
First and foremost I place this project work on the feet of The ALMIGHTY
who is the power of strength in each step of progress towards the successful completion of
this project.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to our Honorable Chancellor Dr. R.
Vasanthakumar, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, for his great support with blessings.
I thank our Dean Dr. G. Karuppasami, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam
University, Coimbatore, for his encouragement in completion of this project.
It gives me a great pleasure in offering my thanks to Prof. K. Keerthivasan,
Associate Professor and Head, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, for his constant support and
encouragement.
I am greatly honored and feel privileged in offering my sincere thanks to our
project guide Ms. R. Dhanya, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, for his guidance in
completion of this project.
I would also like to thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff members,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam
University, Coimbatore.

ABSTRACT

This project proposes a double input DC-DC converter with multilevel inverter based
on Z-source converters. In the proposed converter, the input dc voltage can be boosted and
also input dc sources can deliver power to the load individually or simultaneously, so
combination of a battery with one of the new energy sources such as solar array, wind turbine
or fuel cell can be used as input sources. Multilevel inverters have become an effective and
practical solution for increasing power and reducing harmonics of ac waveforms The
simulation results shows that the developed five-level PWM inverter has many merits such as
reduce number of switches, lower EMI, less harmonic distortion. And the THD of the
proposed inverter is considerably alleviated and the dynamic responses are also improved
significantly. Thus proposed inverter involves many advantages over the conventional
inverter. The study can further be investigated by employing control schemes to have higher
dynamic responses and by using higher level inverters.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO:

1.

ii

LIST OF TABLE

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVAITIONS

viii

Traditional source inverters

1.1.1 Voltage source inverter
1.1.2 Current source inverter

IMPEDANCE SOURCE INVERTER

3
3
5
8

Impedance source inverter

2.2

Impedance network

10

2.3

Inverters

11

2.4

Inverters operation

12

2.5

Circuit configuration and operation

2.6

15

Steady state analysis of double input

Z source DC DC converter

4.

2.1

principle of the proposed converter

3.

PAGE NO:

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
1.1

2.

TITLE

SIMULATION USING MATLAB

22
26

3.1

Introduction

26

3.2

Need for simulation

27

3.3

Simulation of double input Z-source DC-DC converter

30

MULTILEVEL INVERTERS
4.1

39

Introduction
4.1.1 Advantages

39

4.1.2 Applications

39
iii

4.2 Concept of Multilevel Inverters

41

4.3 Types of Multilevel Inverters

41

4.3.1 Cascaded Multilevel Inverters

42

4.3.2 Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverters

45

4.3.2.1 Principle of operation

46

4.3.3 Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverters

4.3.3.1 Features of diode clamped Inverter
5.

50

4.4 Proposed Inverter circuit

51

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION

53

5.1 Introduction

53

5.2 Driver Circuit

53

5.2.1 Components of Driver circuit

53

5.2.2 Driver Circuit operation

54

5.2.2.1Optocoupler
5.3 Triggering Unit

6.

48

54
55

5.3.1 PIC 16F877A Microcontroller

55

5.3.2 Features of PIC Microcontroller

55

5.3.2.1 High Performance RISC CPU

55

5.3.2.2 Peripheral Features

56

5.3.2.3 Analog Features

56

5.3.2.4 CMOS Technology

56

5.3.3 Block Diagram of PIC 16F8774

58

5.3.4 Pin Diagram of PIC 16F8774

59

5.3.5 Triggering Circuit

60

5.3.6 Pin Description

61

5.3.7 Simulation Diagram of the proposed system

67

CONCLUSION

69

REFERENCES

71

iv

LIST OF TABLE
TABLE NO:

TITLE

PAGE NO:

1.1

Comparison of CSI, VSI and ZSI

2.1

States of double input DC- DC converter

22

3.1

Simulation parameters

31

LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. NO:

TITLE

PAGE NO:

1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

General form of multi input converter

Voltage source inverter
Current source inverter
Block diagram of the impedance source inverter
Equivalent circuit of the impedance network
Voltage source inverter
Phase voltage of the inverter
Double input Z-Source DC-DC converter

2
4
6
9
10
13
14
17

2.6

Double input Z-Source DC-DC converter State1

18

2.7

Double input Z-Source DC-DC converter State2

19

2.8

Double input Z-Source DC-DC converter State3

20

2.9

Double input Z-Source DC-DC converter State4

21

2.10

Equivalent circuit of mode 1

23

2.11

Equivalent circuit of mode 2

24

3.1

Simulation diagram of double input Z-source DC-DC Converter

30

3. 2

Converter output voltage in state 1

32

3.3

Converter load current in state 1

33

3.4

Converter output voltage in state 2

34

3.5

Converter load current in state 2

35

3.6

Converter output voltage in state 3

36

3.7

Converter load current in state 3

37

3.8

Converter output voltage in state 4

38

3.9

Converter load current in state 4

39

4.1

Schematic diagram of multilevel inverter

40

4.2

Output Voltage of a Schematic diagram

41

4.3

Cascaded multilevel inverter

43

4.4

Output waveform of five level bridge

44

4.5

Circuit diagram of 3 3 level flying capacitor multilevel inverter

45
vi

4.6

Circuit diagram of 3 3 level diode clamped 3 level inverter

48

4.7

Line voltage of 3 3 level diode clamped inverter

49

4.8

Motor no load current of 3 3 level diode clamped inverter

51

4.9

Single phase five level inverter

51

5.1

Driver circuit

53

5.2

Block diagram of PIC16F877A

58

5.3

Pin diagram of 40pin dual inline package of PIC16F877A

59

5.4

Triggering circuit

60

5.5

Simulation diagram of the proposed system

67

5.6

Output waveform of the proposed system

68

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
vii

ABBREVAITION

TERMINOLOGY

MIC

Multi Input Converters

PWM

Pulse Width Modulator

MOSFET

Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transmitter

AC

Alternating Current

DC

Direct Current

EMI

Electro Magnetic Interference

CSI

Current Source Inverter

VSI

Voltage Source Inverters

ZSI

Impedance Source Inverters

L1, L2

Inductors

C1,C2

Capacitors

Van, Vbn, Vcn

Line To Neutral Voltages Of The Phases a,b,c

Diode

Vin

Input Voltage

Vc

Voltage Across The Capacitor

VL

Voltage Across Inductor

Switching Period

MATLAB

Matrix Laboratory

SDCS

Separate DC Sources

LED

Light Emitting Diode

RAM

Random Access Memory

EEPROM

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory

PSP

Parallel Slave Port

SSP

Synchronous Serial Port

OSC

Oscillator Crystal

CLK

Clock

MCLR

Master Clear

EMI

Electromagnetic Interference

THD

Total Harmonic Distortion

viii