THE BEST PRACTICE GUIDE TO:

Pipe Marking

A Graphic Products Library Resource

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Franklin Gothic Book; 8/10 pt

CONTENTS
Contents of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking by Graphic Products, Inc.

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................pg 1
An overview of the Best Practice Guide to Pipe Marking.

TOOLS ..................................................................................................................pg 2
What labeling tools are available to efficiently label an entire facility
indoors and outdoors?

EVALUATION OF FACILITY ..................................................................... pg 3

What to look for when evaluating a facility.
Evaluation Tip
What to Look For
Standard Abbreviations

LABEL CREATION....................................................................................... pg 9
See available resources for customizing pipe markers.
Equipment and Supplies
Label Creation Steps

10

LABEL PLACEMENT................................................................................pg 11
What type of supplies are available for marking
unique surfaces and environments?

Proper placement of pipe labels will increase worker safety

and improve overall workflow.
Removing Old Labels

LABEL MAINTENANCE .........................................................................pg 12

What may be used to clean and maintain pipe labels?

APPENDIX A - EVALUATION CHECKLIST ..................................pg 13

Use this checklist to help label a facility.

APPENDIX B - PIPE MARKING GUIDES ....................................pg 14

Various industries need to comply with specific standards.
ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Pipe Marking Guide
Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide
NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Pipe Marking Guide
ISO/DIS 14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide
Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide
Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide

14

What are the different pipe marking standards?

The information presented in this guide was obtained from sources whom we deem reliable; Graphic Products, Inc. has made every effort to ensure this
information is correct. However, we do not guarantee accuracy or completeness. Graphic Products, Inc. makes no representations or warranties of any kind,
express or implied. Information in this guide is subject to change without notice. Except as expressly provided for in writing, the liability of Graphic Products, Inc.
arising from the use of this guide is specifically excluded and Graphic Products, Inc. disclaims all warranties and any liability for damages of any kind and any
liability, whether in contract, tort under statute or otherwise, for any injury, damage or loss whatsoever. No reliance should be placed on information contained
in, implied by or inferred from this guide. Users of this guide should verify all information with ANSI and OSHA sources directly.

INTRODUCTION
The following pages provide basic instructions for pipe label design, printing and placement. These recommended practices will help
improve facility efficiency and increase safety through visual communication.
Proper pipe marking1 plays a critical role in protecting the
safety of workers, visitors and emergency responders who
must enter a facility. The following pages are designed to
help your facility comply with widely accepted standards
for pipe marking. Following these standards helps ensure
pipe content, flow direction and additional pipe information
are easily seen and understood by all.

Keep this guide handy in your facility to help you, your

staff and contractors understand and print compliant pipe
markers. DuraLabel printers come bundled with pipe
marking software to make compliance simple. DuraLabel
also offers a wide selection of industrial labeling supplies
for making pipe markers, valve tags and other types of
labels and signs.

Pipe marker design and color-code compliance is best

achieved with the use of an industrial label printer. Pipe
marking software, included with DuraLabel printers, makes
it easy to accurately print for compliance using custom
information. The goal is to reduce confusion, dangerous
situations, injuries and even deaths.

DuraLabel offers over 50 application-specific supplies to

choose from so youll always have the right supply for
making durable labels and signs for nearly any surface
or setting. Having the right supply for your specific
application ensures long-term performance even in the
harshest industrial environments.

For further assistance please contact one of our knowledgeable

customer service representatives at 877.534.5157.

Pipe markers play a vital role in safety. They can provide information for emergency responders and save lives of on-site workers.
1

The words pipe marker, pipe marking and label are used interchangeably throughout this guide.

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TOOLS
Various items are needed when evaluating your facility for marking pipes appropriately.
The recommended tools and equipment needed for making pipe
markers includes:
Schematic of the facilitys pipe system
Computer with Windows 2000 Operating System or above
DuraLabel Mobile Print Station 150 XL or a laptop if
portability is needed
Word processing software or DuraLabel DuraSuite software
DuraLabel library of symbols, templates and examples
DuraLabel PRO series printer2 (duralabel.com)
DuraLabel DuraPak battery (optional, for portability)
DuraLabel premium vinyl tapes
(tape size depends on the size of the pipe)
DuraLabel premium and/or petroleum ribbon in white and black
Additional supplies for special purpose applications
- Pipe Grabber Sleeves for putting pipe markers on dirty, oily or rusty pipes
- Low temperature vinyl for labeling pipes in cold storage areas
- Reflective vinyl for labeling pipes that need to be seen under low-light
conditions
- Extended-Life Vinyl is ideal for outdoor labeling

Supplies and equipment to clean and prepare pipes for labeling

Putty knife, isopropyl alcohol, WD-40 or heat gun

DuraLabel provides many labeling supplies and tools to properly color-code pipes within a facility.
2
Although other industrial quality printers may be used, the DuraLabel PRO 300 is a popular thermal transfer printer proven to make effective, long-lasting pipe
markers. The descriptions given in this guide use the DuraLabel PRO 300.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY
Now that you have the tools needed for pipe marking, the next step is an evaluation of the pipe systems in your facility. This requires
walking through the facility to visually evaluate and document each piping system. Carry a pen, a pad of paper and a camera with you.
Use drawings of your facilitys piping systems to aid you in documenting any problems that are identified. An easy-to-use inspection
form is available in Appendix A of this guide.

Evaluation Tip

What to Look For

During your pipe evaluation, make sure to document all

current pipe markers. Consider how existing marking
could be improved to better visually communicate pipe
information to workers.

When evaluating your facility, look for and pay attention to:

Definition of Pipe
A pipe is a conduit used to convey, distribute, mix,
separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fluid flows.
A pipe system includes the pipes, plus fittings, flanges,
valves and pipe coverings. (ASME/ANSI A13.1 (2007)
standard)

existing pipe markers

Are they physically damaged, deteriorated, dirty,
discolored or in a location or condition likely to result
in future physical damage or failure?
Are they accurate? (Name, flow direction, label color)
pipes with missing pipe markers
new equipment
new pipes that redirect contents to/from new equipment
areas where maintenance has been performed
traffic areas

Evaluate piping systems indoors and outdoors. DuraLabel provides supplies which will endure many environments.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY
Although the ASME/ANSI standard suggests labeling
all pipes, it is required for pipes to be labeled in
the following situations:
the contents of pipes could affect procedures during
emergency situations
the contents of pipes are hazardous
the flow direction is unknown
the destination of the contents is unknown
the flow needs to be redirected for maintenance
one or more valves need to be shut off for maintenance

In conducting your inspection, use a pipe schematic and

piping drawings to plan your inspection. Consult your
facilitys pipe schematics to ensure accurate labeling of
contents and direction of flow.

Properly identifying pipes, valves and containers will aid in safety.

Background
Color

Letter Color

Red

White

Toxic & Corrosive Fluids

Orange

Black

Flammable Fluids

Yellow

Black

Combustible Fluids

Brown

White

Potable, Cooling, Boiler Feed & Other Water

Green

White

Blue

White

Fluid Service
TABLE 1 Colors

Color Scheme
The contents of a pipe
determines the color scheme
of the pipe marker. See
Table 1 to ensure existing
pipe markers are standardcompliant. If not, they
should be replaced.

Fire Quenching Fluids

Pipe Label Size

The size of the pipe marker
is also an important factor.
Properly sized labels will
allow personnel to read
the labels at a reasonable
distance. See Table 2 to
ensure existing pipe markers
are standard-compliant. If
not, they should be replaced.

TABLE 2 Sizes

Compressed Air

Outside Pipe Diameter

Including Covering

Minimum Length of
Label Field Color

Minimum Height
of Letters

0.75" - 1.25"

19 - 32 mm

8"

203 mm

0.5"

13 mm

1.5" - 2"

38 - 51 mm

8"

203 mm

0.75"

19 mm

2.5" - 6"

64 - 152 mm

12"

305 mm

1.25"

32 mm

8" - 10"

203 - 254 mm

24"

610 mm

2.5"

64 mm

Over 10"

Over 254 mm

32"

813 mm

3.5"

89 mm

NOTE: Pipes too small for labels should be marked with a hanging tag.

Use the Appendix A at the end of this

guide to help determine the color, size,
and quantity of labels needed.
Use a hanging pipe tag as pictured above for pipes which are too small.

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY
Standard Abbreviations
The following table provides a list of standard abbreviations that may be used on pipe markers. Abbreviations should only
be used to make the message easier to read and when it is impractical to write out the entire word or phrase.
ABED

Aux. Building Equipment Drains

CMPT

Computed

ABEDT

Aux. Building Equipment Drain Tank

CNMT

Containment

ABFD

Aux. Building Floor Drain

COM

Common

ABFDT

Aux. Building Floor Drain Train

COMP

Component

ACB

Air Circuit Breaker

CONC

Concentration

ACK

Acknowledge

COND

Condenser/Condensate

ACT

Actuate

CONDTY

Conductivity

ADJ

Adjust

CONT

Controller

AFW

Auxiliary Feedwater

CONT ROD

Control Rod

ALM

Alarm

CONTR

Control

AMB

Ambient

COR

Correction

ANAL

Analyzer

CORR

Correlation

AO(V)

Air Operated (Valve)

COUNT

Count

AVG

Average

CPM

Counts Per Minute

BA

Boric Acid

CPU

Central Processing Unit

BAR

Bar Graph

CPUS

Central Processing Units

BAT

Boric Acid Tank / Battery

CR

Control Room

BD

Blow Down

CRB

Chemical Recovery Boiler

BIST

Bistable

CROM

Control Rod Drive Mechanism

BIT

Boron Injection Tank

CS

Containment Spray

BKR

Breaker

CSR

Cable Spreading Room

BL

Black Liquid

CST

Condensate Storage Tank

BOP

Balance of Plant

CW

Circulating Water

BTM

Bottom

CWP

Circulating Water Pump

BTU

British Thermal Unit

CYL

Cylinder

BUP

Backup

D/G

Diesel Generator

Centigrade (aka. Celsius)

DEG

Degrees

C/CB

Condensate/Cond. Booster

DEMIN

Demineralizer

C1M

Cumulative One Minute

DET

Detector

CAB

Cabinet

DEV

Deviation

CAL

Calibration/Calorie

DIV

Division

CAUS

Cause

DO

Diesel Fuel Oil

CCW

Component Cooling Water/Closed Cooling Water

DOT

Dirty Oil Tank

CD

Condensate

DSCH

Discharge

CDB

Condensate Booster

DT

Delta Temperature

CDT

Chemical Drain Tank

ECCS

Emergency Core Cooling System

CHAM

Chamber

EDT

Equipment Drain Tank

CHAN

Channel

EFCT

Effect

CHNG

Change

EFLNT

Effluent

CHRG

Charging

EHC

Electro Hydraulic Control

CJB

Cold Junction Box

ELEC

Electrical

CKT

Circuit

EQ

Equipment

CL

Cold Leg

EQUIP

Equipment

CLNG

Cooling

ES

Extraction Steam

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY
ESS

Essential Service

ESF
EXH

Kilo

Engineered Safety Feature

LNG

Long/Liquified Natural Gas

Exhaust/Exhauster

LO FLW

Low Flow

EXPANS

Expansion

M/G

Motor Generator Sets

EXTR

Extracted Extractor/Extraction

MAINT

Maintenance

Fahrenheit

MAX

Maximum

FCV

Flow Control Valve

MCR

Main Control Room

FD

Forced Draft

MFP

Main Feed Pump

FH

Fuel Handling

MIN

Minutes/Minimum

FLW

Flow

MOIST

Moisture

FO

Fuel Oil

MPH

Miles Per Hour

FREQ

Frequency

MPS

Miles Per Second

FRNT

Front

MS

Main Steam/Moisture Separator

FW

Feed Water

MSIV

Main Steam Isolation Valve

GOV

Governor

MSR

Moisture Separator Reheater

GPM

Gallons Per Minute

MTR

Motor

GRP

Group

MU

Makeup

GSC

Gland Steam Condenser

MVBL

Moveable

GV

Governor Valve

NAOH

Sodium Hydroxide

HG(A)

Mercury (absolute)

NAR

Narrow

HGHT

Height

NAR RNG

Narrow Range

HIDP

High Differential Pressure

NBL

Noble

HL

Hot Leg

NEG

Negative

HOV

Hydraulic Operated Valve

NEUT

Neutron

HP

High Pressure

NIS

Nuclear Instrumentation System

HR(S)

Hour

NR

Narrow Range

HRSG

Heat Recovery Steam Generator

NUC

Nuclear

HT RT

Heat Rate

OG

Off-Gas

HTNG

Heating

OOS

Out of Service

HU/CD

Heatup/Cooldown

OP

Over Pressure

HUT

Hold up Tank

OPER

Operator/Operating

HYD

Hydraulic

OT

Over Temperature

I/P

Current to Pressure

OT-OP

Over Temp-Over Pressure

I/V

Current to Voltage

OUT

Output

IA

Instrument Air

OUTBD

Outboard

ID

Identification/Inside Diameter

OUTLT

Outlet

INBO

Inboard

OVERLD

Overload

INC

Increase

OVERTEMP

Over Temperature

INF

Influent

OVRPWR

Overpower

INIT

Initial

PART

Partial

INL

Inlet

PARTIC

Particulate

INSERTIN

Insertion

PCT

Percent

INST

Instrument/Instantaneous

PCV

Pressure Control Valve

INT

Internal

PENET

Penetration

INTERM

Intermediate

PMG

Permanent Magnet Generator

IOD

Iodine

PNEU

Pneumatic

ISOL

Isolation

PORV

Power Operated Relief Valve

JUNCT

Junction

POS

Positive

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EVALUATION OF FACILITY

Standard Abbreviations (cont.)

POT

Potentiometer

SEC

Second

PPB

Parts per Billion

SEL

Select

PPM

Parts per Million

SEP

Separator

PR58

Process Radiation Monitor 58

SERV

Service

PREAMP

Preamplifiers

SFP

Service Fuel Pump

PRG

Purge

SGTR

Steam Generator Tube Rupture

PRI

Primary

SI

Safety Injection

PROC

Process

SPEC

Specification

PRT

Pressurizer Relief Tank

STDY

Steady

PS

Power Supply

STNBY

Standby

PSI

Lbs Per Square Inch

STOR

Storage

PSIA

Lbs Per Square Inch Absolute

SUPPR

Suppressed

PSIG

Lbs Per Inch Gauge

SUPRESS

Suppression

PSIO

Lbs Per Square Inch Differential

SW

Service Water/Switch

PT

Point

SWST

Secondary Water Storage Tank

PTL

Pull-To-Lock

T/C

Thermocouples

PUL

Pulverizer

TAMB

Temperature Ambient

PW

Primary Water

TAVG

Average Temperature

PWR RNG

Power Range

TB

Turbine Building/Terminal Box/Block

PRV

Pressure Relief Valve

TC

Cold Leg Temperature

PZR

Pressurizer Relief Tank

TCV

Temperature Control Valve

RC

Reactor Coolant

TD

Turbine Drain

RCDT

Reactor Coolant Drain Tank

TG

Turbine Generator

RCFC

Reactor Containment Fan Cooler

THER

Thermal

RCL

Reactor Coolant Loop

THRT

Throttle

RCS

Reactor Coolant System

THST

Thrust

RDT

Reheater Drain Tank

TREP

Reference Temperature

RECOMB

Recombiner

TRNA

Train A (B, C, etc.)

REGEN

Regenerative

TRNSNT

Transient

REL

Relative

TRP

Trip

RESID

Residual

TTD

Terminal Temp. Difference

RH

Residual Heat

TURBS

Turbines

RHR

Residual Heat Removal

UNCONT

Uncontrolled

RHT

Reheat

VAC

Vacuum

RLY

Relay

VALS

Values

RNG

Range/Running

VAP

Vapor

ROC

Rate of Change

VAR

Variance

RTD

Resistance Temp. Detector

VCT

Volume Control Tank

RTN

Return

VIB

Vibration

RVLIS

Reactor Vessel Level Indication System

VNT

Vent

RW

Radwaste

VOL

Volume

RWST

Refueling Water Storage Tank

WR

Wide Range

S/G

Steam Generator

XFR

Transfer

SA

Service Air

XMTR

Transmitter

SB

Service Building

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LABEL CREATION
Need pipe markers? Evaluate what your facilitys needs are first. If your facility is medium-to-large in size, it may be more cost-effective
and efficient to have an industrial label printer in-house. Pipe markers, and many other industrial labels, can be custom designed and
easily printed on demand when employees have access to the right printer and supplies in their work area.

Equipment and Supplies

Preprinted pipe marker labels arent cheap. Facilities relying on these generic labels to mark pipes often pay more in
replacement costs due to the markers short life span. Because preprinted labels are generic, they may not always visually
communicate pipe information accurately. The DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer is an excellent option for most facility pipe
marking projects. Quality 300 dpi resolution provides crisp and clear legibility for pipe marking projects.

The DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking

king Kit* includes:
DuraLabel PRO 300 Printer
DuraSuite Labeling Software (FREE)
E)
2" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
2" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
2" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
4" Blue Premium Vinyl Tape
4" Green Premium Vinyl Tape
4" Red Premium Vinyl Tape
4" Yellow Premium Vinyl Tape
4" Brown Premium Vinyl Tape
4.3" White Resin Ribbon
4.3" Black Resin Ribbon
*

DuraLabel PRO 300 Pipe Marking Kit

Standard kit shown, custom kits available
CALL 877.534.5157

Contents are subject to change. Kits may be customized.

d.

Take the guess work out by using DuraLabel printers, supplies and software to quickly create and print the pipe labels you need.

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LABEL CREATION
Some of the special supplies that are available include:
Cold Storage Vinyl Tape Adhesive will stick on cold surfaces
High-Tack Tapes For surfaces that are not smooth
Low-Halogen Prevents corrosion to stainless steel
Reflective Tape For low-light settings
Oily Surface Labels Sticks to oily or greasy surfaces
Marine Label Tapes Resistant to salt water spray
Ultra-Aggressive Sticks to highly textured surfaces
Valve Tags To identify pipes whose labels would be too small
for readability

Label Creation Steps (with the DuraLabel PRO 300)

Use the DuraSuite labeling software included with all DuraLabel PRO printers or design the required pipe labels with a
familiar word processor, such as Microsoft Word or OpenOffice.org. The Software CD included with DuraLabel desktop
printers comes with pre-made MS Word templates and examples. The DuraLabel PRO 300 printer can print on supplies up
to 4" wide.
Using Pre-Existing Software
1. See Table 2 in the Evaluation of Facility section to
determine the size of label and letters and adjust the
page format accordingly.
2. Type out text in capital letters, using a sans-serif font.
3. From the DuraLabel PRO 300 symbols library, insert
an arrow to indicate the direction of flow of the pipe
contents.
4. See Table 1 in the Evaluation of Facility section to
determine the appropriate color of the labeling tape
and ribbon. Load the DuraLabel PRO 300 printer
accordingly.
5. Print the label(s).

Easily print pipe labels in automatic or manual mode using DuraSuite.

Choose from single or wrap-around label layouts to comply with codes.

Using DuraSuite Automatic Pipe Marker Design

1. Open the DuraSuite Labeling Software.
2. Select the Pipe Marking module.
3. Select the pipes contents from one of the menus or
enter appropriate text & select appropriate arrows.
4. Select the pipes outside diameter dimension.
5. Load the printer with appropriate supplies determined
by Tables 1 & 2 in the Facility Evaluation section.
6. Select the number of labels & print the label(s).
Go Mobile: Label anywhere in the facility using the DuraLabel TORO
Our popular standalone model with 9" touch screen and fold-out keyboard.

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LABEL PLACEMENT
Pipe marker location plays a critical role in the safety and efficiency of every facility. In many facilities, pipe systems generally have
a number of bends, penetrations, valves and possibly distribution headers. Factor these visual obstacles into your final placement
decision. Every pipe must have pipe markers that are visible from any location from which the pipe can be seen.
Labels must always be applied to clean and dry surfaces
to provide lasting performance. Visually appropriate
locations often need to be cleaned of debris to create
an acceptable pipe marker surface. At locations where
cleaning is not an option, DuraLabel Pipe Grabber
sleeves may be an appropriate alternative.
Pipe markers should be placed:
To indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at
one or both ends of the label
Placement of labels will vary facility to facility and should be applied
accordingly to comply with codes.

To be visible from the point of normal approach

At any line entry or re-entry point
Near valves, flanges, and changes in pipe direction
At both sides of ceiling, wall, or floor penetrations

Special Conditions for placement:

At least once every 50 feet on straight pipe runs

If pipeline is located above the normal line of vision, the

label shall be placed below the horizontal center line of
the pipe to maximize visibility
If pipeline is located below the normal line of vision, the
label shall be placed above the horizontal center line of
the pipe to maximize visibility
Use Pipe Grabber Sleeves when:
Pipe is very dirty and cannot be cleaned
Labels wont adhere because the pipe is covered with
rust, scale, un-lagged insulation, etc.

Removing Old Labels

Many labels can be removed by scraping them off with
a putty knife. However, with strong labels such as labels
made using DuraLabel vinyl tapes, this can be a labor
intensive process. Heating the label with a heat gun will
speed this process.

11

For some applications a powered wire brush can be used

to quickly remove labels. The use of this type of tool must
take into consideration the type of surface the label is
applied to and whether that surface will be damaged.

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LABEL MAINTENANCE
Labels should be properly maintained to ensure long-life, legibility and readability. Under normal outdoor conditions labels will typically
last five to seven years. Environmental conditions can cause either a shorter or longer label life.
Labels should be inspected on a periodic basis and replaced if
missing or deteriorated. Accumulation of debris, grease, oil, or other
materials should be cleaned off.
Pipe markers are only useful if they are visible. DuraLabel PRO
supplies are chemical resistant. Solvents and cleaning agents may be
used when necessary to clean off dirt, grime, oil, etc.
If cleaning is not possible and a label is not readable, replace the
existing label with a new one.

Clean dirty, illegible pipe labels and replace

if damaged.

Set up a schedule to reevaluate your facility. Refer to the section

Evaluation of Facility of this guide for help.

Regularly inspect pipe labels to ensure correct labeling, readability and for code compliance.

DISCLAIMER: This guide is for general purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
2011-2013 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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12

Location

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NOTES:
Use Table 1 in section Evaluation of Facility to determine the label color by the pipe contents.
Use Table 2 in section Evaluation of Facility to determine the label size by the pipe diameter.
The direction of the flow is either left or right relative to where the label will be applied.
To estimate the number of labels, divide the total pipe length by 50 then increase the number for valves, penetrations, changes in direction, etc.

Name of pipe content

Use this checklist to keep track of the number and type of

labels needed during the evaluation.
r

Di

ec
t

lo
w

APPENDIX A EVALUATION CHECKLIST

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13

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APPENDIX B PIPE MARKING GUIDES

This appendix provides pipe marking guides covering a variety of pipe locations. There are five guides provided in this appendix:

ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking

The ANSI/ASME A13.1 Pipe Marking Guide provides the pipe labeling requirements that apply
to most facilities. In an industrial, institutional, and commercial building, there will be both
hazardous and non-hazardous materials flowing through many miles of pipes. According to the
ANSI/ASME A13.1 standards, pipe markers must list the contents of the pipe, the hazards it
poses, and any other important information necessary. This guides shows what information must
be on code-compliant labels, what size labels need to be, what color labels must be, and where
labels should be applied.

Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide

Ammonia is corrosive to the skin, eyes, lungs, and can be deadly at higher levels of exposure.
The Ammonia Pipe Marking Guide provides the International Institute of Ammonia
Refrigeration labeling standards for ammonia piping. The IIAR standard requires that thorough
and specific labeling be applied to all pipes that contain ammonia-based refrigerants.

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide

According to the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), all pipes carrying medical gasses
in Health Care Facilities must be labeled. The NFPA 99/CGA C-9 Medical Pipe Marking Guide
provides information about the NFPA 99 standards, including what should be on the label and
where the label should be placed. At minimum, medical pipe markers must include the contents,
direction of flow, and pressure. Oxygen, Vacuum, Medical Air, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrogen are
just a few of the gasses the NFPA 99 requires to be labeled.

ISO/DIS-14726 Sea Vessel & Marine Pipe Marking Guide

Ships and other sea vessels use a pipe marking system that is internationally recognized. This
guide provides detailed information about the International ISO/DIS-14726 standards commonly
known as the Marine Pipe Marking Standards. (ISO/DIS 14726-2: specifies additional color
codes for more detailed identification of substances carried by pipes.)

Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide

The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides detailed information about labeling
the piping systems within facilities. The ANSI/ASME A13.1 code applies to labeling pipes
in commercial buildings. However, in some buildings it is desirable to have more detailed
information than is provided by ANSI/ASME pipe markers. For example, there are many
types of water used in a commercial building and identifying what type of water is in a pipe
is important. The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides a standard used to label
pipes with the additional information.

Water Treatment Pipe Marking Guide

Beyond the standards of ANSI/ASME A13.1 pipe marking standards, various state governments
have adopted these recommendations for marking pipes at water treatment facilities. In this
guide, weve put these recommendations together to help you properly mark several kinds of
treatment lines, including sludge lines, gas lines, water lines and other types.

DuraLabel.com

877.534.5157

14

ANSI/ASME A13.1 PIPE MARKING GUIDE

The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the
ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes.

COLOR CODE

LETTER COLOR ON
FIELD COLOR

EXAMPLE

Fluids which are a vapor or produce vapors that can

ignite and continue to burn in air.

Black on Yellow

HYDROGEN

Fluids that may burn but are not flammable.

White on Brown

ACETIC ACID

Toxic &
Corrosive

Fluids which are corrosive or toxic or will produce

corrosive or toxic substances.

Black on Orange

NITRIC ACID

Fire Quenching

Water and other substances used in sprinkler fire

fighting piping systems.

White on Red

SPRINKLER WATER

Any other water except for water used in sprinkler &

fire fighting piping systems.

White on Green

BOILER WATER

Compressed Air

Any vapor or gas under pressure that does not fit a

category above.

White on Blue

COMPRESSED AIR

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Black

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

Black on White

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Purple

DEFINED BY USER

Defined by User

Defined by user.

White on Gray

DEFINED BY USER

MATERIAL PROPERTY

DEFINITION OF MATERIAL PROPERTY

Flammable
Combustible

Other Water

MARKER LOCATION
Pipe markers shall be placed:

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
to be visible from the point of normal approach
near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction
both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations
at any line entry or re-entry point
on straight pipe runs
every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical

ABOVE: Label placement in relation

to point of normal approach

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART

ABOVE: Orientation of labels

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter

Including Covering
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"

15

(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)

Minimum Length of Minimum Height

Label Field Color
of Letters
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"

(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)

.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"

(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)

NOTE: It is recommended
that pipes less than .75" in
diameter be labeled with a
permanent tag.

877.534.5157

This guide is for general information

purposes only. It is not a substitute
for review of applicable standards.
2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.

DuraLabel.com

AMMONIA PIPE MARKING GUIDE

The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the IIAR
(International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration) Standards.
IIAR #114 7.0 requires the
posting of a reference chart with
pipe marking identification and
abbreviation information in an area
conspicuous to operating personnel.
Make the chart out of a durable
material for continued legibility.

1. ABBREVIATIONS

BD
CD
DC
ES
EQ
FG
HG
HGD
HPL
HSD
HSS
HTRL
HTRS
HTS
LD
LIC
LSS
LT
LTRL
LTRS
LTS
MTRL
MTRS
MTS
PL
PO
PU
RV
TSR
TSS

2. PHYSICAL STATE

Abbreviations for Ammonia System Components:

Black printed on yellow
ABBREVIATION

LIQ Liquid: Black or white printed on orange

VAP Vapor: Black or white printed on blue*
LIQ/VAP: Use both if both states exist

SYSTEM

Booster Discharge
Condenser
Defrost Condensate
Economizer Suction
Equalizer
Foul Gas
Hot Gas
Hot Gas Defrost
High Pressure Liquid
High Stage Discharge
High Stage Suction
High Temperature Recirculated Liquid
High Temperature Recirculated Suction
High Temperature Suction
Liquid Drain
Liquid Injection Cooling
Low Stage Suction
Liquid Transfer
Low Temperature Recirculated Liquid
Low Temperature Recirculated Suction
Low Temperature Suction
Medium Temperature Recirculated Liquid
Medium Temperature Recirculated Suction
Medium Temperature Suction
Purge Line
Pump Out
Purge
Relief Vent
Thermosyphon Return
Thermosyphon Supply

Abbreviations marked with this symbol are popularly used, but non-IIAR approved.

*DuraLabel Sky Blue Premium Vinyl recommended.

VAP
LIQ
LIQ
VAP
VAP
VAP
VAP
VAP
LIQ
VAP
VAP
LIQ
LIQ/VAP
VAP
LIQ
LIQ
VAP
LIQ
LIQ/VAP
LIQ
VAP
LIQ
LIQ/VAP
VAP
VAP

LIQ
VAP
LIQ/VAP
LIQ

3. MARKER BODY

AMMONIA printed in black on yellow

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART Available on Page #15

MARKER LOCATION (IIAR #114 5.0)

4. PRESSURE LEVEL
HIGH Pressure: +70 psig
Black or white printed on red

LOW Pressure: =/-70 psig

Black or white printed on green

LOW
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
LOW
HIGH
LOW
LOW
HIGH
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
LOW
HIGH

HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH

5. FLOW DIRECTION

Direction of flow of the system contents

is indicated by the arrows. Place arrows
at one or both ends of the label.

COMPONENT MARKERS

Pipe markers shall be placed:

Label text should identify equipment name (e.g. RECEIVER, ACCUMULATOR, RECIRCULATOR)

before and after a change in piping direction

2.5" tall black text on yellow

background

on extended runs of pipe, with a max

spacing of 40 ft between markers
minimum of one per each area of refrigeration
pipe passage (e.g. one per room)

3.5" minimum label height with

2.5" margins at each end
Pressure Level Designation:
3.5" minimum height;
High (back on red) or
Low (white on green)

2.5"
4"

RECEIVER

2.5"

before and after piping penetrations (e.g. walls)

H
I
G
H

Pressure Level Designation

This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards. 2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

16

NFPA 99/CGA C-9 PIPE MARKING GUIDE

NFPA 99 & CGA C-9 Standard Color Marking of Compressed Gas Containers, Pipelines & Valves for Medical. Use ASME/ANSI Pipe
Identification Placement & Orientation Standards.
MATERIAL PROPERTY

LETTER COLOR ON FIELD COLOR

EXAMPLE

White on Green

OXYGEN 50-55 PSI

Carbon Dioxide

White on Gray

CARBON DIOXIDE

Nitrous Oxide

White on Blue

NITROUS OXIDE

Cyclopropane

Black on Orange

CYCLOPROPANE

Helium USP

White on Brown

HELIUM 50-55 PSI

Nitrogen NF

White on Black

NITROGEN 160-200 PSI

Medical Air USP

Black on Yellow

MEDICAL AIR

White on Red

INSTRUMENT AIR

White on Violet

WASTE ANAESTHETIC

Single Gases
Oxygen USP

Instrument Air
Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD)

Black on
White/Yellow Checkerboard

Laboratory Air
Laboratory Vacuum
Medical-Surgical Vacuum

LABORATORY AIR

Black on White/Black
Checkerboard 2

LABORATORY VACUUM

Black on White

MEDICAL VACUUM

Black on Yellow
Black AND Green

20% OXYGEN
80% NITROGEN
40% OXYGEN
60% NITROGEN

Not Assigned
- Defined By User -

52.5% OXYGEN
47.5% NITROUS OXIDE

Gray on Green

93% OXYGEN
7% CARBON DIOXIDE

Green on Brown

20% OXYGEN
80% HELIUM

Gas Mixtures of Oxygen USP and Nitrogen NF

19.5% to 23.5% Oxygen
All other Oxygen Concentrates1

Other Gas Mixtures

Oxygen USP and Nitrous Oxide USP: 1
52.5% Oxygen USP, 47.5% Nitrous Oxide USP
Oxygen USP and Carbon Dioxide USP: 1
93% Oxygen USP, remainder Carbon Dioxide USP
Oxygen USP and Helium USP: 1
20% Oxygen USP, remainder Helium USP

1
Use the background colors of the Single Gases. For Other Gas Mixture Pipe Labels, use the major gas for label color and use the minor gas color for text color.
2
Complies to NFPA 99 color marking standards. Complies to CGA C-9 color marking standards.

Use a white box with a black outline behind the text.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
near valves, flanges and changes in pipe direction
to be visible from the point of normal approach
both sides of ceiling, wall, partitions or floor penetrations
at least once in or above every room
on straight pipe runs, at intervals of not more than 20 ft
at least once in every story height traversed by risers

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART

ABOVE: Orientation of labels

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter

Including Covering
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"

17

(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)

Minimum Length of Minimum Height

Label Field Color
of Letters
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"

(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)

.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"

(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)

ABOVE: Label placement in relation

to point of normal approach

NOTE: It is
recommended that
pipes less than .75" in
diameter, be labeled
with a permanent tag

This guide is for general information only.

Not intended to be used in place of CGA C-9,
NFPA 99 or ASME/ANSI standards.
2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.

877.534.5157

DuraLabel.com

ISO/DIS 14726 SEA VESSEL & MARINE PIPE MARKING GUIDE

Identification of Colors for the Content of the Piping Systems according to ISO/DIS 14726.
Main Color
(yellow)

Additional Color (blue)

Fuel

Main Colors: for group of similar substance

Additional Colors: for specific substance

applied as an adhesive tape or sign

painted on to the pipeline in transverse stripes
painted on the pipeline on the total length
width is wider than the additional color marking

should be surrounded by the main color

width needs to be less than the main color marking width

(brown)

Sea Water

Additional color markings may be added adjacent to a main color marking

on a pipe, when necessary, to distinguish between pipes marked with the
same main color listed, but carrying different types of medium.
Example: a pipe carrying diesel fuel oil and a pipe carrying heavy fuel oil.

(green)

Oils other than Fuels

Heavy Fuel (HFO)

Decontamination Water

Used Oil (Not Contaminated)

Aviation Fuel

Sanitary Sea Water

Thermal Fluid

Biological Fuel

Ballast Water

Lubrication Oil for Gas Turbines

Gas-Turbine Fuel

Cooling Sea Water

Hydraulic Fluid

Diesel Fuel (MDO)

For ships mixed with navigation (sea-river ships) all outside waters

Lubrication Oil for Steam Turbines

Flammable Gases

(yellow)

Steam

(silver)

Lubrication Oil for Gears

Lubrication Oil for Internal
Combustion Engines

Hydrogen

Steam for Heating Purposes

Acetylene

Exhaust Steam

Fresh Water

Liquid Gas

Supply Steam

Sanitary Fresh Water

Waste Media

(black)

Fire Fighting/Fire Protection (red)

Distillate

Fire-Fighting Water

Gas-Turbine Wash Water

Waste Oil/Used Oil

Fire-Fighting Gas

Feed Water

Bilge Water

Sprinkler Water

Cooling Fresh Water

Exhaust

Spray Water

Chilled Water

Grey Water

Fire-Fighting Powder

Condensate

Sewage, contaminated

Fire-Fighting Foam

Air & Sounding Pipes (maroon)

Air in Ventilation Systems

Waste Media

Discharge Air

Non-Flammable Gases

Fresh Water

Cold Mechanical Supply Air

Oxygen

Fuel

Natural Exhaust

Inert Gas

Sea Water

Atmospheric Air

Nitrogen

Non-Flammable Gases

Mechanical Exhaust Air

Refrigerant

Oil other than fuels

Decontaminated Supply Air

Compressed Air LP (low pressure)

Steam

Mechanical Recirculated Air

Compressed Air HP (high pressure)

Fire Fighting

Warm Mechanical Supply Air

Control Air/Regulating Air

Acids, Alkalis

Smoke Clearance

Breathing Air a

Ventilation System

Conditioned Supply Air

Flammable Gases

Acids, Alkalis

(violet)
(grey)

Breathing Gas a
a This marking is used in submarines for distribution

Natural Supply Air

systems of breathing air from cylinders

MARKING OF PIPES

MARKER LOCATION

pipes with more than 200 mm outer diameter, label makes up

about half the circumference of the pipe
pipes with 200 mm outer diameter or less, label makes up the
entire circumference of the pipe
label bundled pipes individually
arrows pointing in direction of flow
pipes with flow in opposite directions at different times may be
marked with arrows pointing in opposite directions
additional text to signify unambiguously the content and/or
function of the pipe
color stripes need to be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe

Pipe markers shall be placed:

DuraLabel.com

(blue)

Potable Water

Black Water

(white)

(orange)

at each penetration point in bulkheads, walls & decks

every 3-5 meters of pipe length unless more frequent marking is
needed due to pipe bends or proximity to other pipe sources.
around the entire circumference of the pipe for 200 mm
diameter pipes (adhered at their ends by overtaping)
once in each room
close to each valve

877.534.5157

This guide is for general information purposes only. It

is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
2011 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

18

COMMERCIAL BUILDING PIPE MARKING GUIDE

The following Pipe Marking Guide, offered by Graphic Products to aid in properly customizing pipe markers, complies with the
ANSI/ASME A13.1 - 2007 Standard for the Identification of Pipes. A copy of ANSI/ASME A13.1-2007 Standards is needed.
ABBR.

SERVICE TYPE

PIPE LABEL

CHWR
CHWS
CWR
CWS
CWGLR
CWGLS
HWGLR
HWGLS
CTYW
DCWR
DCWS
DHWR
DHWS
DRAIN
DTR
DTS
FO
HPR
HPS
LTHWR
LTHWS
MTHWR
MTHWS
HTHWR
HTHWS
STM
COND
NG
CA
VAC

Chilled Water Return

Chilled Water Supply
Condenser Water Return
Condenser Water Supply
Chilled Water Glycol Return
Chilled Water Glycol Supply
Hot Water Glycol Return
Hot Water Glycol Supply
City Water
Domestic Cold Water Return
Domestic Cold Water Supply
Domestic Hot Water Return
Domestic Hot Water Supply
Drains*
Dual Temp Return
Dual Temp Supply
Fuel Oil
Heat Pump Return
Heat Pump Supply
Low-Temp Hot Water Return
Low-Temp Hot Water Supply
Medium-Temp Hot Water Return
Medium-Temp Hot Water Supply
High-Temp Hot Water Return
High-Temp Hot Water Supply
Steam
Condensate
Natural Gas
Compressed Air
Vacuum

CHWR
CHWS
CWR
CWS
CWGLR
CWGLS
HWGLR
HWGLS
CITY WATER
DCWR
DCWS
DHWR
DHWS
DRAIN
DTR
DTS
FO
HPR
HPS
LTHWR
LTHWS
MTHWR
MTHWS
HTHWR
HTHWS
STEAM
COND
GAS
COMP AIR
VACUUM

VALVE TAG

BAND COLOR

(BLDG.)-CHV-##
BLUE
(BLDG.)-CHV-##
(BLDG.)-CWV-##
GREEN
(BLDG.)-CWV-##
(BLDG.)-CGLV-##
(BLDG.)-CGLV-##
GOLD
(BLDG.)-HGLV-##
(BLDG.)-HGLV-##
(BLDG.)-CTWV-##
(BLDG.)-DCV-##
(BLDG.)-DCV-##
LIGHT BLUE
(BLDG.)-DHV-##
(BLDG.)-DHV-##
(BLDG.)-DRAIN-##
BROWN
(BLDG.)-DTV-##
BLACK
(BLDG.)-DTV-##
(BLDG.)-FOV-##
WHITE
(BLDG.)-HPV-##
TEAL
(BLDG.)-HPV-##
(BLDG.)-HWV-##
YELLOW
(BLDG.)-HWV-##
(BLDG.)-MTV-##
ORANGE
(BLDG.)-MTV-##
(BLDG.)-HTV-##
RED
(BLDG.)-HTV-##
(BLDG.)-STV-##
PINK
(BLDG.)-CNDV-##
(BLDG.)-GASV-##
GRAY
(BLDG.)-CAV-##
PURPLE
(BLDG.)-VACV-##

BACKGROUND AND LETTERING COLORS

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

REFER TO ANSI/ASME STANDARDS

GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
GREEN BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING
YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
YELLOW BACKGROUND, BLACK LETTERING
BLUE BACKGROUND, WHITE LETTERING

NOTE: Valve Tags need to comply with ANSI standards. Pipe Labels should be near valve to identify pipe content.
*There are no standards for Drains. Follow ANSI Standards for background and letter colors; abbreviations may vary by facility.

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at one or both ends of the label
RIGHT: Label
to be visible from the point of normal approach
placement in
near valves, flanges & changes in pipe direction
relation to point of
both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations
normal approach
at any line entry or re-entry point
on straight pipe runs in intervals sufficient for identification
every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical*
Ammonia Only: minimum of 1 per area through which the refrigeration piping passes
*Every 40 feet for Ammonia pipe marking

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART

RIGHT:
Orientation
of labels

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter

Including Covering
.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"

19

(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)

Minimum Length of Minimum Height

Label Field Color
of Letters
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"

(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)

.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"

(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)

NOTE: It is
recommended that
pipes less than .75" in
diameter, be labeled
with a permanent tag

The Commercial Building Pipe Marking Guide provides

a suggested standard used to label pipes with additional
information. This guide is for general information purposes
only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
2011, 2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

877.534.5157

DuraLabel.com

WATER TREATMENT PIPE MARKING GUIDE

Suggested standards for wastewater and water treatment facilities.

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING

TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE

COLOR OF PIPE

PIPE MARKER SIZE CHART*

Letter & Label Dimensions in accordance with pipe diameter

Outside Pipe Diameter

Including Covering

Sludge Lines
Raw Sludge

Brown w/ black band

Sludge recirculation or suction

Brown w/ yellow band

Sludge draw off

Brown w/ orange band

Sludge recirculation discharge

Brown

Gas Lines
Sludge Gas

Orange (or red)

Natural Gas

Orange (or red) w/ black band

Water Lines
Nonpotable Water

Blue w/ black band

Potable Water

Blue

Water for heating digestors

or buildings

Blue w/ 6" red band (150 mm)

space 30" apart (760 mm)

.75" - 1.25"
1.5" - 2"
2.5" - 6"
8" - 10"
Over 10"

(19 - 32 mm)
(38 - 51 mm)
(64 - 152 mm)
(203 - 254 mm)
(Over 254 mm)

Minimum Length of Minimum Height

Label Field Color
of Letters
8"
8"
12"
24"
32"

(203 mm)
(203 mm)
(305 mm)
(610 mm)
(813 mm)

.5"
.75"
1.25"
2.5"
3.5"

(13 mm)
(19 mm)
(32 mm)
(64 mm)
(89 mm)

NOTE: It is recommended that pipes less than .75" in diameter,

be labeled with a permanent tag

WATER TREATMENT PLANT COLOR CODING

TYPE OF PIPE/USE OF PIPE COLOR OF PIPE
Water Lines
Raw Water

Olive Green

Settled or clarified water

Aqua
Dark Blue
Orange

Other Lines
Chlorine

Yellow

Finished or potable water

Sulfur Dioxide

Yellow w/ red band

Sewage (wastewater)

Gray

Chemical Lines
Alum or primary coagulant

Compressed Air

Green

Ammonia

White

Carbon Slurry

Black

Caustic

Yellow w/ green band

Chlorine gas or solution

Yellow

Fluoride

Light Blue w/ red band

Lime Slurry

Light Green

Ozone

Yellow w/ orange band

Phosphate compounds

Light Green w/ red band

Polymers or coagulant aids

Orange w/ green band

Potassium Permanganate

Violet

Soda Ash

Light Green w/ orange band

Sulfuric Acid

Yellow w/ red band

Sulfur Dioxide

Light Green w/ yellow band

Waste Lines
Backwash Waste

Light Brown

Sludge

Dark Brown

MARKER LOCATION Pipe markers shall be placed:

to indicate direction of flow by labeling with arrows at
one or both ends of the label
to be visible from the point of normal approach
near valves, flanges & changes in pipe direction
both sides of ceiling, wall or floor penetrations
at any line entry or re-entry point
on straight pipe runs
every 25 ft to 50 ft is typical

LEFT: Label
placement in
relation to point of
normal approach

Sewer (sanitary or other)

Orientation of labels
Other Lines
Compressed Air

Dark Green

Gas

Red

Other Pipes

Light Gray

LEFT:
Orientation
of labels

DuraLabel.com

Dark Gray

*Pipe Marker location and size chart are based on ANSI/

ASME standards. This guide is for general information purposes only. It is not a substitute for review of applicable standards.
2012 Graphic Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

877.534.5157

20

3/13