Learning Objectives Q Q Q Q Q Q: Board Approval: 16 April 2001 Page 1 of 74

Board Approval: 16 April 2001 Page 1 of 74
3.1 Level: K-3 Standard # 1

Understands the nature of scientific knowledge and scientific inquiry.
Benchmarks (Grades K-3):
3.1.1 Understands that learning can come from careful observations, simple experiments, and investigations
3.1.2 Understands the scientific method of inquiry and applies it with experiments (e.g., question, hypothesize, procedure, collection
of data, conclusion)
Learning Objectives
Kindergarten First Grade Second Grade Third Grade
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Understands that q 1.a Makes careful
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A learning occurs from observations of simple
careful observation of experiments and
simple experiments communicates findings
q 1.b Knows how to use a q 1.b Knows how to use a
variety of tools to gather variety of tools to gather
information information
q 2 N/A q 2.a Understands the
scientific method of
inquiry through
experiments to ask
questions, gather data, and
communicate findings

Understands scientific application and technology.
3.2.1 Understands that science and/or technology involve working together and sharing findings
3.2.2 Understands the basic idea of science and technology as an ongoing process, changing over time
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows how to use, q 1.a Understands how to
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A recognize, predict, and work in a group
communicate scientific conducting scientific
concepts experiments, predicting
q 2.a Knows that science the outcome, and sharing
and technology are the findings
continually changing q 1.b Understands how to
use the computer and
technology to gain
insights, asks questions,
and reports findings
involving scientific
concepts
q 2.a Knows that science is
ongoing and changes over
time

Understands basic features of the Earth.
3.3.1 Understands that Earth materials consist of solid rocks, soils, liquid water, and the gases of the atmosphere
3.3.2 Understands that water can be a liquid, gas, or a solid, and can be made to change from one form to the other, but the amount
of water stays the same
I- Introduces various processes (e.g., freezing, condensation)
3.3.3 Understands that short term weather conditions can change daily, and weather patterns change with the seasons (e.g.,
temperature, rain, snow)
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that Earth’s q 1.a Knows the Earth is
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A materials are solid, liquid, composed of solids,
q 3 N/A q 3.a Understands the short- and gases liquids and gases
term weather conditions, q 2.a Understands, predicts, q 1.b Understands the
and the different ways observes, and effects of weathering
weather changes with the communicates simple q 2 N/A
seasons concepts involving the q 3.a Understands weather
changing forms of liquid conditions
q 3.a Understands and q 3.b Knows how to predict
predicts weather and communicate the
conditions and changing changing patterns of
patterns over time seasons over time

Understands basic Earth processes.
3.4.1 Understands and classifies rocks by size, shape, texture, color, and hardness
3.4.2 Understands that smaller rocks come from breakage of larger rocks by weathering and erosion
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows how to sort q 1.a Explores rock samples q 1.a Understands how to
q 2 N/A rocks by size and shape and sorts them by size, collect and classify rocks
q 2 N/A shape, and texture according to their basic
q 2 N/A characteristics
q 2.a Understands basic
concepts of rocks
breaking through
weathering and erosion

Understands essential ideas about the composition and structure of the universe and the Earth's place in it.
3.5.1 Understands the structure of the solar system
3.5.2 Understand the basic pattern of day and night involving the sun, moon, and Earth’s rotation
3.5.3 Understands that the stars are innumerable, unevenly dispersed, are of unequal brightness, are always in the sky, and may form
patterns such as the Big Dipper
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that we live on q 1.a Knows that we live on q 1.a Recognizes that the
q 2 N/A the Earth the Earth sun is the center of our
q 3 N/A q 2 N/A q 1.b Knows that the moon solar system
q 3 N/A is our nearest neighbor q 1.b Knows that the Earth
q 1.c Knows that the sun is and 9 other planets are in
a source of heat and light orbit around the sun
q 2.a Knows the Earth, q 1.c Knows the order of
moon, and Sun are objects the planets from the sun
in space q 2.a Knows that the moon
q 3 N/A orbits around the Earth
q 2.b Knows that the moon
is reflecting light from the
sun
q 2.c Knows that the Earth’s
rotation causes day and
night
q 3.a Knows that stars form
patterns in the sky
q 3.b Know stars are
innumerable and
unequally dispersed

Understands about the diversity and unity that characterize life.
3.6.1 Understands that plants and animals have features that help them live in different environments
3.6.2 Understands different ways in which living things can be grouped, and characteristics of different groups (e.g., plants v.
animals)
3.6.3 Understands that plants and animals progress through life cycles
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1 N/A
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A q 2.a Understands that q 2.a Knows plants and
q 3 N/A q 3 N/A living things are classified animals according to their
into plant or animal various characteristics
groups q 3.a Knows the life cycle
q 3.a Experiments with the of a plant and an animal
life cycle of a plant q 3.b Understands the basic
q 3.b Understands the basic requirements of plants and
requirements of plants and animals
animals

Understands the genetic basis for the transfer of biological characteristics from one generation to the next.
3.7.1 Understands that plants and animals closely resemble their parents
3.7.2 Understands that differences exist among individuals of the same kind of plant or animal
3.7.3 Understands that many characteristics of an organism are inherited from the parents of the organism (e.g., eye color in human
beings, fruit or flower color in plants)
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that plants and q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that plants and
q 2 N/A animals look like their q 2 N/A animals look like their
q 3 N/A parents q 3.a Understands common parents
q 2 N/A traits between parents and q 2.a Knows and explains
q 3 N/A children how plants and animals of
one kind can be different
q 3.a Understands
characteristics that are
inherited from parents

Understands the general structure and functions of cells in organisms.
3.8.1 Understands that the smallest unit of life is a cell
3.8.2 Understands that all living things are made of cells
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Understands that q 1.a Knows that the
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A every living thing is made smallest unit of life is a
up of parts cell
q 2 N/A q 2.a Knows that all living
things are made of cells

Understands how humans and other species depend on one another for survival, and how they impact planet Earth and the
Universe.
3.9.1 Understands that living things are found almost everywhere in the world, and that distinct environments support the life of
different types of plants and animals
3.9.2 Understands that human beings impact the environment positively or negatively
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows different
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A q 2 N/A environments and the
living things that live
within them
q 2.a Understands ways that
humans impact the
environment

Understands the cycling of matter and flow of energy through the living environment.
3.10.1 Understands that plants and animals need certain resources for energy and growth
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that plants and q 1.a Knows the basic q 1.a Understands that all
animals need certain resources for growth in plants and animals need
resources for survival plants and animals certain resources to live

Understands the basic concepts of organisms over time.
3.11.1 Understands that some kinds of organisms that once lived on Earth have became extinct (e.g., dinosaurs, tribolites,
mammoths, giant tree ferns, horsetail trees)
3.11.2 Understands that certain present-day organisms are endangered
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows that a kind of q 1.a Knows certain kinds
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A animal that no longer of organism that have
lives is called extinct become extinct
q 2.a Understands what it q 2.a Understands how and
means to be endangered why animals can become
endangered

Understands the basic concepts about the structure and properties of matter.
3.12.1 Understands that properties such as length, weight, temperature, and volume can be measured using appropriate tools (e.g.,
rulers, balances, thermometers, gauges)
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows tools to q 1.a Knows tools to
measure length, weight, measure length, weight,
and temperature of temperature, and volume
various materials of various materials

Understands energy types, sources, and conversions, and their relationship to heat and temperature.
3.13.1 Understands that the sun supplies heat and light to Earth
3.13.2 Understands the various ways heat can be produced (e.g., burning, rubbing, or mixing substances together)
3.13.3 Knows the various energy forms (e.g., heat, light, sound, electrical, stored, and motion)
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Understands the affect q 1.a Understands the
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A of heat and light on plants affects of heat and light
q 3 N/A q 3 N/A q 2.a Knows that we require on the seasons and
heat energy to do work climates on Earth
(e.g., cooking, food q 2.a Knows a variety of
processing) ways to produce heat
q 3 N/A q 3.a Understands the
relationship between work
and energy

Understands motion and the principles that explain it.
3.14.1 Understands that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object
3.14.2 Understands that pushing or pulling can change the position and motion of an object
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Knows how to bend
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A q 2 N/A light using a variety of
objects
q 2.a Knows how an object
can be positioned and
moved by pulling and
pushing, and the different
positions of the force on
an object

Understands the kinds of forces that exist between objects and within atoms.
3.15.1 Understands the effects of friction as a force that slows things down or keeps them from moving
3.15.2 Understands the concept of gravity
3.15.3 Understands that magnets attract and repel each other, and attract certain kinds of other materials
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1 N/A q 1.a Understands the use of
q 2 N/A q 2 N/A q 2 N/A friction to slow things
q 3 N/A q 3 N/A q 3.a Knows what a magnet down or keep them from
will attract moving
q 3.b Understands how q 2.a Understands the force
magnets can be used of gravity to various
objects and observe the
differences
q 3.a Understands the basic
characteristics of magnets
(e.g., attraction, repelling,
poles, magnetic fields)
and what forces they exert
6.1 Level: 4-6 Standard # 1

Benchmarks (Grades 4-6):
6.1.1 Applies the scientific method of inquiry to experiments (e.g., question, procedure, hypothesis, collection of data, conclusion)
6.1.2 Understands that in obtaining consistent results an experiment must be repeated many times and that with changes in
variables, the results will differ
6.1.3 Uses appropriate tools to gather and analyze data
Learning Objectives
Fourth Grade Fifth Grade Sixth Grade
q 1.a Identifies the five steps of scientific q 1.a Labels the scientific method in q 1.a Uses appropriate terminology to
inquiry (question, hypothesis, experiments explain independent experiments
procedure, data collection, conclusion) q 2.a Observes and conducts a q 2.a Conducts a procedurally consistent
q 2.a Observes a procedurally consistent procedurally consistent experiment experiment several times
experiment several times several times q 2.b Conduct the same experiment
q 2.b Observes the same experiment q 2.b Observes and conducts the same while changing a variable
while changing a variable experiment while changing a variable q 2.c Compares data and analyzes the
q 2.c Identifies data and the differences q 2.c Identifies data and explains the causes of the differences
q 3.a Identifies science tools and their causes of the differences q 3.a Organizes and analyzes data using
proper uses q 3.a Demonstrates science tools and appropriate science tools
their proper uses in conducting
experiments

Understands scientific applications and technology.
6.2.1 Understands that scientific investigation is an ongoing process, which affects the future
6.2.2 Recognizes that the work of science requires people, of all backgrounds with different interests, talents, and qualities, who
can work and communicate with others
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Lists scientific advancements that q 1.a Lists scientific advancements that q 1.a Describes the impact of scientific
have changed our lives throughout have changed our lives throughout advancements on our daily lives
history history q 2.a Describes different areas of science
q 2.a Identifies different areas of science q 2.a Identifies different areas of science and explains how they are interactive
(e.g., oceanography, paleontology, (e.g., oceanography, paleontology, (e.g., oceanography, paleontology,
geology, astronomy, chemistry, etc.) geology, astronomy, chemistry, etc.) geology, astronomy, chemistry, etc.)

6.3.1 Understands how the Earth’s angle to the Sun affects weather patterns and seasons
6.3.2 Knows that the Earth is comprised of layers including a core, mantle, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
6.3.3 Explains and demonstrates the processes involved in the water cycle and the properties that make water a necessary
component of the Earth’s system
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Discusses the tilt of the Earth using q 1.a Identifies the relationship between q 1.a Illustrates and describes the Earth’s
tilt, rotation, axis, and revolution the tilt of the Earth and the different position to the sun in relation to the
q 2.a Identifies and labels the layers of weather patterns seasons
the Earth q 2.a Describes the five layers of the q 1.b Discusses daily weather patterns in
q 3.a Identifies the water cycle Earth correspondence to the seasons
q 3.a Labels the water cycle q 2.a Describes the relationship of the
q 3.b Lists the properties that make five layers of the Earth
water a necessary component of the q 3.a Illustrates the water cycle
Earth’s system q 3.b Describes the water cycle and its
properties that make water a necessary
component of the Earth’s system

6.4.1 Understands the process of the rock cycle and its relation to landforms
6.4.2 Knows the classifications of the rocks, rock forms, and layers of the earth
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Identifies the types of soils and q 1.a Identifies the soil components that q 1.a Describes how the different soil
explains their textures have an effect on fertility components influence soil texture,
q 1.b Identifies the three rock groups q 1.b Identifies the characteristics of fertility, and resistance to erosion
q 1.c Identifies the rock cycle each rock group q 1.b Classifies rocks according to their
q 2.a Recognizes that the Earth’s crust is q 1.c Knows that there are forces characteristics
made up of plates involved in forming rocks q 1.c Knows the forces involved in
q 2.b Recognizes that earthquakes are q 2.a Identifies and labels the location of forming the various rock types
caused by plate movement the major plates and fault lines q 2.a Describes the theory of plate
q 2.c Recognizes that the Earth’s surface q 2.b Labels the different land forms tectonics
is constantly changing q 2.b Discovers how convection currents
cause plate movements
q 2.c Describes the process of how
landforms are created or destroyed

6.5.1 Knows the movement and gravitational force of all celestial bodies within our universe
6.5.2 Knows the relationship between the sun, the moon, and the earth
6.5.3 Understands that billions of galaxies exist in the universe
6.5.4 Knows how the regular and predictable motions of the Moon explain phenomena on Earth
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Identifies the nine planets in order q 1.a Describes the characteristics of q 1.a Demonstrates knowledge of
q 2.a Knows that the planets revolve each planet (e.g., size, relative distance characteristics of the solar system
around the sun due to gravitational from the Sun, composition, moons, q 2.a Explains how gravitational forces
forces length of revolution) hold the planets in their orbits around
q 3.a Identifies asteroids, comets, and q 2.a N/A the Sun
meteors q 3.a Describes characteristics and q 3.a Demonstrates knowledge of
q 4.a Identifies the phases, movements, movement patterns of asteroids, characteristics and movement patterns
tides, and eclipse of the moon comets, and meteors of asteroids, comets, and meteors
q 4.b Recognizes that the Milky Way is a q 4.a Labels the phases of the moon q 4.a Explains the relationship between
small part of a vast universe q 4.b Explains how a lunar eclipse tidal patterns and lunar phases
happens q 4.b Describes the levels of
q 4.c Knows the three types of galaxies organizations in the universe (e.g.,
universe, local group, Milky Way
Galaxy, solar system)

6.6.1 Knows that plants and animals progress through life cycles that differ from organism to organism
6.6.2 Knows ways in which living things can be classified (i.e., physical characteristics, molecular structure, and species)
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Illustrates the life cycle of a plant q 1.a Explains and illustrates the life q 1.a Compares the life cycle of a plant
q 2.a Classifies living things by species cycle of a plant and an animal to an animal
q 2.a Classifies living things by physical q 2.a Classifies living things by physical
characteristics characteristics, molecular structure,
and species

6.7.1 Understands that many biological characteristics of an organism are inherited from its parents (i.e., reproduction)
6.7.2 Recognizes that other characteristics result from an individual’s interaction with the environment
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Describes basic reproductive q 1.a Demonstrates that there are q 1.a Identifies and explains the different
processes of plants similarities and differences that occur types of reproduction
q 2 N/A through reproduction in plants and q 2.a Explains the effects that the
animals environment has on the genetic
q 2.a Defines and illustrates genes, makeup of a living organism
chromosomes, DNA, etc.

6.8.1 Knows that each plant or animal has different structures that serve different functions
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Discusses that all parts of living q 1.a Identifies the parts of a cell q 1.a Identifies all parts of the cell and
things are made up of various types of defines their function
cells

Universe.
6.9.1 Knows that the behavior of individual organisms is influenced by internal cues, environment, and other organisms
6.9.2 Knows that all organisms, including humans, cause changes in the environment, and these changes can be beneficial or
detrimental
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Discusses how instincts influence q 1.a Investigates and reports on how q 1.a Investigates and reports on how
the behavior of animals instincts influence the behavior of instincts can be disrupted and change
q 2.a Discusses the positive and negative different animals the behavior of animals
effects humans and other organisms q 2.a Investigates and reports the q 2.a Investigates how humans have had
have on the environment positive and negative effects humans both positive and negative effects on
and other organisms have had on the the environment and living
environment organisms—formulate solutions

6.10.1 Knows that plants and animals need certain resources for energy and growth
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Illustrates a food chain q 1.a Demonstrates how energy is q 1.a Differentiates how energy is
q 1.b Discusses the resources that transferred through food chains and transferred through different food
animals need for energy and growth food webs in an ecosystem chains and food webs in an ecosystem
q 1.b Identifies the resources that q 1.b Explains and illustrates the process
animals need for energy and growth of photosynthesis

Understands the basic concepts of the development of organisms over time.
6.11.1 Understands that fossils of past life can be compared to one another and to living organisms to observe their similarities and
differences
6.11.2 Understands that the fossil record, through geologic evidence, documents the appearance, diversification, and extinction of
many life forms
6.11.3 Knows how adaptations lead to natural selection and survival
Learning Objectives
q 1 N/A q 1.a Discusses fossils and how they q 1.a Compares and classifies living
q 2 N/A give us information of both past and organisms with fossils
q 3 N/A present living organisms q 2.a Shows change of a species through
q 2.a Discusses how fossils give a time by studying fossils of a given
history of many life forms species over an extended period
q 3.a Discusses natural selection and q 3.a Explains how species have adapted
survival to survive and why other species did
not survive

6.12.1 Understands the process of change and states of matter
6.12.2 Knows the properties of the different states of matter
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Observes and discusses the changes q 1.a Experiments with different types of q 1.a Demonstrates that properties of
in matter (i.e., heating, freezing, matter and records observations materials can change (i.e., heating,
mixing, cutting, dissolving, and q 2.a Demonstrates knowledge of length, freezing, mixing, cutting, dissolving,
blending) weight, temperature, and volume by and blending)
q 2 N/A using appropriate tools q 2.a Uses the periodic table to learn
different characteristics of different
types of atoms
q 2.b Classifies metals and nonmetals
q 2.c Labels and illustrates an atom

6.13.1 Knows the sources, movements, and conversions of energy
6.13.2 Understands that heat is produced when one form of energy is converted to another form
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Identifies the origins of energy q 1.a N/A q 1.a N/A
sources q 1.b Describes the importance of the q 1.b Conducts experiments to
q 1.b Observes how potential energy conversion of energy demonstrate the conversion of
converts to kinetic energy q 2.a Demonstrates that some materials potential energy to kinetic energy
q 2.a Knows that heat can move from conduct heat better than others q 2.a Identifies simple electrical circuits
one object to another by conduction and explains how they provide a means
of transferring electrical energy to
produce heat, light, sound, and
chemical energy

6.14.1 Knows how motion affects sound and matter
6.14.2 Understands the effects of force on matter
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Demonstrates that vibrations move q 1.a Experiments with vibrations that q 1.a Knows that only a narrow range of
at different speeds in different move at different speeds in different wavelengths of electromagnetic
materials, have different wavelengths, materials, have different wavelengths, radiation can be seen by the human
and set up wavelike disturbances that and set up wavelike disturbances that eye, and differences of wavelength
spread away from the source (i.e., spread away from the source (i.e., light within that range of visible light are
slinky) and sound) perceived as differences in color (i.e.,
q 1.b Demonstrates different types of q 1.b Given a simple task, determines light, sound)
forces (i.e., friction, gravity) using which simple machine (i.e., wheels, q 1.b Demonstrates how simple
simple machines (i.e., wheels, pulleys, pulleys, levers) will perform most machines, given the same task, require
levers) efficiently different amounts of force

Understands the kinds of forces that exist between and within atoms.
6.15.1 Understands the relationship between atoms and the different types of forces
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Identifies and describes the q 1.a Builds, labels, and describes a q 1.a Understands the relationship of
functions of the parts of an atom model of an atom atoms and the states of matter
q 1.b Demonstrates the basic q 1.b Describes how atoms affect force
characteristics of atoms using magnets (i.e., attraction, repelling, poles,
(i.e., attraction, repelling, poles, magnetic fields)
magnetic fields) and what forces they
exert

9.1.1 Understands and applies the general steps of scientific processes in solving problems
9.1.2 Understands, develops, and uses an experimental design in scientific inquiry
9.1.3 Understands and uses appropriate tool s and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data
Learning Objectives
Seventh Grade Eighth Grade Ninth Grade
q 1.a Memorizes the general steps of the q 1.a Memorizes the general steps of the q 1.a Memorizes the general steps of the
scientific method scientific method scientific method
q 1.b Recognizes and identifies the q 1.b Recognizes and identifies the q 1.b Recognizes and identifies the
correlation between the general steps correlation between the general steps correlation between the general steps
of the scientific method with of the scientific method with of the scientific method with
classroom labs classroom labs classroom labs
q 2.a Solves a content related problem q 2.a Solves a content related problem q 2.a Solves a content related problem
using the scientific method which using the scientific method which using the scientific method that
includes a lab write-up includes a lab write-up includes a lab write-up
q 3.a Identifies the general lab q 3.a Identifies the general lab q 3.a Identifies the general lab
equipment and their proper use equipment and their proper use equipment and their proper use
(balance, thermometer, graduated (balance, thermometer, graduated (balance, thermometer, graduated
cylinder, beaker, flask, test tube, cylinder, beaker, flask, test tube, cylinder, beaker, flask, test tube,
burner, ring stand, meter stick, ruler, burner, ring stand, meter stick, ruler burner, ring stand, meter stick, ruler
and microscopes) and microscopes) and microscopes)
q 3.b Demonstrates an 80% competency q 3.b Demonstrates a 90% competency q 3.b Demonstrates a 100% competency
on lab safety and equipment before on lab safety and equipment before on lab safety and equipment before
proceeding into any formal lab proceeding into any formal lab proceeding into any formal lab

9.2.1 Understands that the work of science requires a variety of human abilities, qualities, and habits of mind (e.g., reasoning,
insight, energy, skill, creativity, intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, openness to new ideas)
9.2.2 Understands ways in which science and society influence one another (e.g., societal challenges often inspire questions for
scientific research; social priorities often influence research priorities through the availability of funding for research)
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Understands that integrity, q 1.a Evaluates how integrity, creativity, q 1.a Critiques how integrity, creativity,
creativity, and perseverance are and perseverance are involved in past, and perseverance are involved in past,
necessary for the advancement of present, and future scientific practices present, and future scientific practices
science q 2.a Investigates current science q 2.a Investigates and predicts how
q 2.a Understands that the development research and technological science research and technological
of science research, technological developments that are being developed development will affect their future
development, and social influences for the good of mankind
must be developed for the good of q 2.b Locates cities by latitude and
mankind longitude, and identifies their
associated time zone
q 2.c Locates and interprets specific
information using various types of
maps students will encounter

9.3.1 Understands that the Earth is comprised of layers including a core, mantle, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
9.3.2 Understands the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere (e.g., temperature, layers, circulation of air masses)
9.3.3 Understands the ways in which clouds affect weather and climate (e.g., precipitation, reflection of light from the Sun, retention
of heat energy emitted from the Earth's surface)
9.3.4 Understands how the tilt of the Earth's axis and the Earth's revolution around the Sun affect seasons and weather patterns
9.3.5 Understands factors that can impact the Earth's climate
9.3.6 Understands the processes involved in the water cycle and their effects on climatic patterns
9.4.7 Understands that the Sun is the principle energy source for phenomena on the Earth's surface
Learning Objectives
q N/A q 1.a. Understands and illustrates the q N/A
four layers of the earth’s interior
q 1.b Graphs the occurrences of the
Earth’s fresh and salt waters
q 2.a Lists the main components of our
atmosphere
q 2.b Compares and contrasts the layers
of our atmosphere
q 2.c Names and describes how and
where air masses form
q 3.a Names and identifies the different
types of clouds and weather
associated with them
q 3.b Compares the relationship of the
clouds to heat transfer
q 4.a Models the relationship of the

Earth’s tilt to the seasons and weather
patterns
q 4.b Compares the relationship of
revolution to rotations (e.g., global
winds, corriolis effect, weather
patterns, daylight hours)
q 5.a Knows the major climate zones
q 5.b Understands the effects on El Nino
and La Nina on climate and weather
patterns
q 6.a Explains and illustrates the
processes used in the water cycle using
the following terms: evaporation,
condensation, precipitation
groundwater, aquifer, runoff,
transpiration, and respiration
q 6.b Understands how the windward
and leeward side of mountain ranges
affect climate and weather patterns
q 7.a Knows and illustrates radiation,
conduction, and convection in the
atmosphere
q 7.b Explains the relationship of
radiation, conduction, and convection
to the greenhouse effect

9.4.1 Understands that sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks contain evidence of the minerals, temperatures, and forces that
created them
9.4.2 Understands the processes involved in the rock cycle
9.4.3 Understands that the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move at extremely slow rates in response to movements in the
mantle
9.4.4 Understands how landforms are created through a combination of constructive and destructive forces
Learning Objectives
q N/A q 1.a Memorizes the properties of q N/A
minerals
q 1.b Identifies minerals by using
physical properties, the field scale of
hardness, and mohs scales
q 1.c Identifies important uses of ores
and minerals
q 1.d Identifies rock samples according
to their physical and chemical
properties
q 1.e Knows the differences in the rock
classes based on three different
physical characteristics
q 2.a Understands and illustrates the rock
cycle
q 3.a Understands the evidence that
supports continental drift
q 3.b Understands and manipulates a

model to demonstrate sea floor
spreading
q 3.c Identifies the physical geologic
features that are a result of seafloor
spreading
q 4.a Memorizes and maps the major
tectonic plates
q 4.b Illustrates and explains the
relationship of convection currents to
the moving plates and the types of
boundaries they create
q 4.c Describes the processes of
mechanical and chemical weathering
q 4.d Defines erosion and deposition
q 4.e Gives the definition of soil and
describes its formation
q 4.f Lists and describes good soil
conservation practices
q 4.g States and describes the agents of
erosion and their components
q 4.h Defines and describes ground
water features and how an aquifer
works
q 4.i Describes and explains the
formation of mountains, plains, and
plateaus, and give examples of each

9.5.1 Understands characteristics and movement patterns of the nine planets in our solar system
9.5.2 Understands how regular and predictable motions of the Sun and Moon explain phenomena on Earth
9.5.3 Understands that billions of galaxies exist in the universe with each containing billions of stars, and that incomprehensible
distances separate these galaxies and stars
Learning Objectives
q N/A q 1.a Compares the relationship of the q N/A
orbital velocity and location of the nine
planets
q 2.a Compares and demonstrates solar
and lunar eclipses
q 2.b Knows the effect of the sun, Earth,
and moon on the tides
q 3.a Knows the 3 types of galaxies
q 3.b Interprets the Hertzsprug-Russel
diagram
q 3.c Explains the relationship of the
Doppler effect in relationship to the
motion of the universe

Benchmarks (Grades 7 - 9):
9.6.1 Understands and classifies living things (e.g., taxonomic groups of plants, animals, and fungi; groups based on the details of
organisms' internal and external features; groups based on functions served within an ecosystem such as producers,
consumers, and decomposers)
9.6.2 Understands that for sexually reproducing organisms, a species comprises all organisms that can mate with one another to
produce fertile offspring
9.6.3 Understands and distinguishes evidence that supports the idea that there is unity among organisms despite the fact that some
species look very different (e.g., similarity of internal structures in different organisms, similarity of chemical processes in
different organisms, evidence of common ancestry)
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Compares and contrasts the five q N/A q N/A
kingdoms of the modern classification
system
q 1.b Compares and contrasts the general
phyla of the plant and animal
kingdoms
q 1.c Uses a dichotomous key to classify
organisms
q 1.d Memorizes the taxonomic key
q 2.a Identifies the characteristics of a
species
q 3.a Knows ways in which species that
may look very different from one
another are similar

9.7.1 Understands asexual and sexual reproduction (e.g., in asexual reproduction, all the genes come from a single parent; in
sexual reproduction, an egg and sperm unite and half of the genes come from each parent, so the offspring is never identical
to either of its parents; sexual reproduction allows for greater genetic diversity, while asexual reproduction limits the spread
of disadvantageous characteristics through a species)
9.7.2 Understands that the characteristics of an organism can be described in terms of a combination of traits; some are inherited
and others result from interactions with the environment
9.7.3 Understands that hereditary information is contained in genes (located in the chromosomes of each cell), each of which
carries a single unit of information; either one or many genes can determine an inherited trait of an individual, and a single
gene can influence more than one trait
9.7.4 Understands how dominant and recessive traits contribute to genetic variation within a species
9.7.5 Knows the chemical and structural properties of DNA and its role in specifying the characteristics of an organism (e.g., DNA
is a large polymer formed from subunits of four kinds [A, G, C, and T]; genetic information is encoded in genes as a string of
subunits, and replicated by a templating mechanism; each DNA molecule in a cell form a single chromosome)
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Compares and contrasts sexual and q N/A q N/A
asexual reproduction
q 2.a Understands and appreciates the
relationship between the environment
and genetics in developing the
characteristics of an organism
q 3.a Illustrates the relationship between
DNA, chromosomes, genes, amino
acids, proteins, and characteristics of
an organism
q 4.a Diagrams and uses a punnet
square to express knowledge of
dominant vs. recessive genes

q 5.a Demonstrates knowledge of DNA
structure and duplication by building
an accurate model

9.8.1 Understands that cells convert energy obtained from food to carry on the many functions needed to sustain life (e.g., cell growth
and division, production of materials that the cell or organism needs)
9.8.2 Understands the levels of organization in living systems, including cells, tissues, organs, organs systems, whole organisms, and
ecosystems, and the complementary nature of structure and function at leach level
9.8.3 Understands that disease in organisms can be caused by intrinsic failures of the system or infection by other organisms
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Knows and builds an accurate q N/A q N/A
model of both plant and animal cells
q 1.b Compares and contrasts the
functions of the cell organelles
q 1.c Understands, diagrams, and
explains the stages of mitosis
q 2.a Understands and diagrams the
levels of organization in living systems
q 3.a Describes how the functions of the
cells are effected by internal and
external environmental factors

Universe.
9.9.1 Understands how an organism's ability to regulate its internal environment enables the organism to obtain and use resources,
grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment
9.9.2 Understands ways in which species interact and depend on one another in an ecosystem (e.g., producer/consumer,
predator/prey, parasite/host, relationships that are mutually beneficial or competitive)
9.9.3 Understands that all individuals of a species that occur together at a given place and time make up a population, and all
populations living together and the physical factors with which they interact compose an ecosystem
9.9.4 Understands factors that affect the number and types of organisms an ecosystem can support (e.g., available resources; abiotic
factors such as the quantity of light and water, range of temperatures, and soil composition; disease; competition from other
organisms within the ecosystem; predation
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Identifies the basic needs of living q 1. N/A q N/A
things q 2. N/A
q 1.b Relates homeostasis to species q 3.a Understands how the environment
survival affects the carrying capacity of the
q 2.a Diagrams and predicts nature’s species, including the human
reaction to an interruption in the food population
chain q 4.a Identifies the pros and cons of
q 2.b Compares and contrasts mutually current environmental issues and how
beneficial and competitive humans impact those issues
relationships, and gives examples of
each
q 3.a Charts the relationships between an
ecosystem, community, population,
and species
q 3.b Compares and contrasts the seven
land biomes
q 4.a Designs a healthy, working

ecosystem

9.10.1 Understands how energy is transferred through food webs in an ecosystem (e.g., energy enters ecosystems as sunlight, and
green plants transfer this energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis; this chemical energy is passed from organism
to organism; animals get energy from oxidizing their food, releasing some of this energy as heat)
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Knows and charts the flow of q N/A q N/A
energy from the sun to living
organisms, and shows the relationship
with this to the Law of Conservation of
Energy
q 1.b Memorizes and writes the
photosynthetic/ respiration cycle
q 1.c Understands the importance of
photosynthesis to all living organisms

Understands the basic concepts of the development of organisms over time.
9.11.1 Understands that the fossil record, through geologic evidence, documents the appearance, diversification, and extinction of
many life forms
9.11.2 Understands that natural selection leads to organisms that are well-suited for survival in particular environments, so that
when an environment changes, some inherited characteristics become more or less advantageous or neutral, and chance
alone can result in characteristics having no survival or reproductive value
9.11.3 Understands the history of the origin and development of life on Earth (e.g., life on Earth is thought to have begun 3.5 - 4
billion years ago as one-celled organisms; during the first two billion years, only microorganisms existed; after cells with
nuclei developed about a billion years ago, increasingly complex multi-cellular organisms evolved)
Learning Objectives
q N/A q 1.a Memorizes the geologic time scale q N/A
q 1.b Recognizes the diversification and
extinction of many life forms
q 1.c Describes the different methods
used for geologic dating
q 2.a Understands the relationship of
uniformatarianism, natural selection,
and environmental change
q 3.a Describes the development of
organisms as they relate to the
geologic time scale

9.12.1 Understands and investigates the basic nature of matter (e.g., particle theory, elements, compounds, acids, bases, salts, states
of matter and physical properties, chemical properties)
9.12.2 Understands and investigates various models of atomic structure including Bohr and Cloud (quantum) models
9.12.3 Understands and investigates the history of the periodic table and how to use the periodic table of elements to obtain
information (e.g., symbols, atomic numbers, atomic mass, periods, chemical families, valence numbers, metals, non-metals,
metalloids, oxidation in states, and binary compounds (e.g., chemical activity, physical properties, formulae, and nature of
bonding))
9.12.4 Understands and investigates chemical reactions and how that relates to the law of conservation of matter
Learning Objectives
q 1.a Recognizes that the basic q 1.a Recognizes that the basic q 1.a Memorizes the symbol and name
components of all living things are components of the universe are made of the thirty most common elements on
made of cells which are made up of up of atoms the periodic table
atoms q 1.b Recognizes and demonstrates the q 1.b Knows the structure and
q 1.b Knows the basic component of an different states of matter composition of the atom
atom q 1.c Knows the Ph scale q 1.c Understands the relationships
q 1.c Recognizes the relationship of the q 1.d Demonstrates the difference between matter, elements, compounds,
carbon atom to lipids, proteins, and between physical and chemical mixtures, and solutions
carbohydrates properties q 1.d Distinguishes between acids and
q 2.a Creates an accurate model of the q 2.a Creates an accurate model of the bases using experimental procedures
carbon atom sodium and chlorine atoms q 1.e Recognizes the relationships
q 3.a Recognizes that all living things q 3.a Recognizes that the periodic table is between acids, bases, and salts
are made from the elements of the arranged in increasing atomic number q 1.f Designs an experiment illustrating
periodic table q 4 N/A the phase changes of water
q 4 N/A q 1.g Relates the kinetic theory of matter
to the information gathered from the
phase changes experiment
q 2.a Designs Bohr models of the first 20

elements using the periodic table
q 2.b Compares and contrasts the Bohr
model with the cloud model of the
atom
q 3.a Understands and appreciates the
history of the periodic table
q 3.b Uses the periodic table to find the
symbol, atomic number, atomic mass,
proton #, electron # and neutron # for
the first 20 elements
q 3.c Identifies the physical and
chemical propertied of metals,
nonmetals, and metalloids, and relates
these properties to their location on the
periodic table
q 3.d Uses the periodic table to identify
and distinguish between
families/groups and periods
q 3.e Identifies the common
relationships between elements of the
same families (e.g. oxidation #,
electron configuration, valence,
chemical activity, and nature of
bonding)
q 3.f Uses Bohr models/diagrams and
Lewis dot diagrams to illustrate the
formation of binary compounds
q 4.a Identifies the basic parts of

chemical equations (reactants,
products, coefficients, symbols,
subscripts, superscripts, state of matter,
yields)
q 4.b Identifies the 4 types of chemical
reactions
q 4.c Identifies and demonstrates the
relationship between balancing
chemical equations and the law of
conservation of matter

9.13.1Uunderstands and investigates changes in matter and the relationship of these changes to the Law of Conservation of Matter
9.13.2 Understands and investigates states and forms of energy and the relationship of these to the Law of Conservation of Energy
9.13.3 Understands and investigates temperature scales, heat, and heat transfer
9.13.4 Understands and investigates characteristics of waves and their technological applications
9.13.5 Understands and investigates the nature and technological applications of electromagnetic waves
Learning Objectives
q N/A q N/A q 1.a Conducts an experiment to
illustrate the relationship of physical
and chemical changes in the Law of
Conservation of Matter
q 2.a Designs an experiment to
demonstrate the relationship between
kinetic and potential energy, and
relates findings to the Law of
Conservation of Energy
q 3.a Compares and contrasts the three
temperature scales (K, Βc, Βf)
q 3.b Develops an experiment to
demonstrate various forms of heat
transfer (convection, conduction,
radiation)
q 4.a Diagrams and labels the
components of a transverse and
longitudinal wave
q 4.b Calculates the frequency,

wavelength, and velocity of a
transverse wave using formulas
q 4.c Demonstrates variations in
amplitude, frequency, and wavelengths
of waves using available materials
q 5.a Constructs a diagram of the
electromagnetic spectrum
q 5.b Compares and contrasts the various
categories of the electromagnetic
spectrum (e.g., wavelength, frequency,
velocity, photon energy, and
technological applications)
q 5.c Investigates the influence and
application of light (optic lenses and
mirrors)

9.14.1 Understands and investigates the scientific principles and technological applications of work
9.14.2 Understands and investigates the scientific principles and technological applications of force
9.14.3 Understands and investigates the scientific principles and technological applications of motion
9.14.4 Understands and investigates the scientific principles and technological applications of power
9.14.5 Understands and investigates the scientific principles and technological applications of simple machines
Learning Objectives
q q q 1.a Understands the relationship
between work, force, and distance
(w=f*d) and can apply it to real life
examples
q 2.a Understands the relationship
between force, mass, and acceleration
(F=M*a) and can apply it to real life
examples
between velocity, distance, and time
(V=D/t) and can apply this to real life
examples
q 3.b Knows Newton’s three laws of
motion and can apply them to real life
examples
between power (watts), current (amps
{I}), and voltage (volts) (P=I*V) and
can apply it to real life examples
q 4.b Understands how to determine the

power consumption of an appliance
and can determine the daily cost of
using the appliance
q 5.a Understands the basic concepts of
simple machines and how they make
up compound machines, and can apply
this knowledge to real life examples

Understands the kinds of forces that exist between and within atoms.
9.15.1 Understands and investigates basic principles of electricity (e.g., static, current, and circuits)
9.15.2 Understands and investigates basic principles of magnetism (e.g., magnetic fields and electromagnets)
9.15.3 Understands and investigates the four forces within the atom
Learning Objectives
q N/A q N/A q 1.a Understands the relationship
between static electricity and electrons,
and how static electricity differs from
current electricity
q 1.b Understands the relationship
between electrons, amperage, and
resistance using Ohm’s Law (V=I*R),
and can apply this law to real life
examples
q 1.c Understands and can demonstrate
knowledge of parallel and series
circuits
q 1.d Understands the basic parts of a
simple circuit diagram
between electrons and magnetism and
can demonstrate tendencies
q 2.b Understands magnetic properties of
materials in terms of magnetic
domains
q 3.a Knows the four forces within the

atom (strong, week, electromagnetic
and gravity) and understands how they
apply to the atom

12.1.1 Understands ways in which science distinguishes itself from other ways of knowing and from other bodies of knowledge
12.1.2 Understands that scientific explanations must meet certain criteria to be considered valid
12.1.3 Understands that scientific inquiry is obtained by questioning, investigating, gathering evidence, comparing results to
others and continuing to question
12.1.4 Understands the importance of standardized measure systems and are able to do measurements & conversions within those
systems
12.1.5 Understands alternative explanations and models
12.1.6 Understands that throughout history, diverse cultures have developed scientific ideas and solved human problems in an
ongoing human endeavor
12.1.7 Understands the interrelationship of agriculture with the environment and natural resources
Addressed Benchmarks – See individual Courses for Learning Objectives

Biology A Biology B Advanced Biology Chemistry Advanced Physics
(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 4, 6 4 1-6 4, 6 2,3,4,5
Geology Geology II Environmental Astronomy Human Anatomy Applied Bio-Chem
Science
1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 3, 4, 5, 6
Zoology (Ag 530) Advanced Zoology Equine Anatomy Equine Health Equine Nutrition Botany (Ag 512)
(Ag 532)
7 7 2, 7 2, 7 2, 7 7

12.2.1 Understands how mathematics is used to improve investigations and communications
12.2.2 Understands how technology is used to perform accurate scientific investigations and communications
12.2.3 Understands that change occurs in and among systems and change can be measured
12.2.4 Understands the ways that science advances technology and technology advances science
12.2.5 Understands that science and technology are pursued for different purposes in explaining the natural world and technological
design
12.2.6 Understands that critical thinking, creativity, imagination, and a good knowledge base are all required in the work of science
and engineering
12.2.7 Understand various methods used for processing animal products
Addressed Benchmarks – See individual Courses for Learning Objectives

(AP) Chemistry
1, 2 5, 6 1, 2, 3 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Science
1, 2 1, 2 4, 6 1-6
(Ag 532)
4, 7 1, 4 2 4 1, 4 4

Understands the basic features of the Earth.
12.3.1 Understands historical geology
12.3.2 Understands features of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere
12.3.3 Understands how the biosphere has changed over time
12.3.4 Understands the methods and skills needed for the study of the environment
12.3.5 Understands the needs of earth’s varied organisms and how the earth’s biosphere provides these needs
Addressed Benchmarks– See individual Courses for Learning Objectives
(AP) Chemistry
5 5

Science
1 4 2, 3, 6 5
(Ag 532)

Understands: Basic earth processes.
12.4.1 Understands basic minerals and mineral ores based on chemical an physical properties
12.4.2 Understands the geologic process of plate tectonics and geologic structure development
12.4.3 Understands the processes that form glaciers and cause glaciers to flow
12.4.4 Understands how fresh water resources are controlled by geologic processes and human activity
12.4.5 Understands the processes of trigger mechanisms and the results of mass wasting events
12.4.6 Understands metamorphism, metamorphic rocks, and hydrothermal rocks
12.4.7 Understands weathering, erosion and soil development
12.4.8 Understands volcanism and igneous rock formation
12.4.9 Understands sedimentary rock formation
12.4.10Understands processes of water analysis
12.4.11Understands identification of pollutants in water
12.4.12Understands how stream and ground water resources are formed and how they affect the earth’s surface
12.4.13Understands how cultures have developed and are effected by river flow
12.4.14Understands the processes of the earth create deserts
12.4.15Understands the processes of earthquakes, measurement, and prediction
12.4.16Understands the processes of the earth’s interior
12.4.17Understands the processes of structures of the sea floor
12.4.18Understands the process of mountain and continent development
12.4.19Understands the development and formation of geologic resources
12.4.20Understands the methods used to optimize the use of farmland

(AP) Chemistry

Science
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 4, 10, 11, 12, 6
12 13, 14, 15, 16,
17, 18, 19
(Ag 532)
7, 20

12.5.1 Understands relationships between the earth and other planets, both in similarity and diversity
12.5.2 Understands the importance of the sun in relationships to the earth
12.5.3 Understands the relationship between our sun and solar systems and other suns and solar systems
12.5.4 Understands the effect of the moon on the earth
12.5.5 Understands the characteristics and movement patterns of asteroids, comets and meteors
12.5.6 Understands the ongoing processes and characteristics involved in galaxy and star formation and destruction
(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 3, 4

Science
1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(Ag 532)
12.6 Level: 10-12 Standard #6

12.6.1 Understands how to classify organisms into a hierarchy of groups and subgroups based on similarities that reflect evolutionary
relationships
12.6.2 Understands how variation of organisms within a species increases the chance of survival of the species
12.6.3 Understands how the great diversity of species on Earth increases the chance of survival of life in event of major global
changes
12.6.4 Understand the different types of micro-organisms
12.6.5 Understands how insect behavior can be beneficial or detrimental to plant populations
12.6.6 Understands how the body is organized to accomplish those tasks that are essential to life
12.6.7 Understands how the various types of tissues are related to the organization of the body
12.6.8 Understands how the study of the integumentary system to understanding the body controls internal and external
environments
12.6.9 Understand how the study of the skeletal system is necessary to understand how a complex organism is organized to
accomplish movement
12.6.10 Understands how body joints work in relationship to body movement
12.6.11 Understands the interactions between muscles and bones
12.6.12 Understands how the nervous system is organized at the cellular level to coordinate and integrate the functions of the other
body systems
12.6.13 Understands how the component parts of the nervous system is essential to receiving, processing, and transmitting internal
and external cues
12.6.14 Understands how somatic and special senses function to process and act on sensory information
12.6.15 Understands how the cardiovascular system is essential for each part of the body
(AP) Chemistry
2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3

Science
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 2, 3, 4
12, 13, 14, 15
(Ag 532)
1, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 4, 5 4, 6 1, 4, 5

12.7.1 Understands the instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are carried in DNA
12.7.2 Understands that genetic information is both encoded in genes replicated
12.7.3 Understands the ways that genes may be altered and combined to create genetic variation within a species and the effects on
the organism
12.7.4 Understands that most the cells contain pairs of chromosomes, and understands the transmission of chromosomal information
12.7.5 Understands the ways that DNA plays a major role the human genome, medical disorders, and forensic sciences
12.7.6 Understands the history of Mendelian genetics and the impact of early study on current genetic engineering techniques
(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Science
(Ag 532)
1, 3 2

12.8.1 Understands that cells have particular structures that underlie their function
12.8.2 Understands cell function reactions and their involvement with chemical reactions
12.8.3 Understands ways that cells store and use information in the form of DNA to guide their functions
12.8.4 Understands that cell functions are regulated be expressed genes that provide code for the synthesis of proteins
12.8.5 Understands that cellular differentiation is regulated through the expression of different genes
12.8.6 Understands the processes involved in sexual and asexual reproduction (e.g. budding, spore production, fission,
fertilization, mitosis and meiosis)
(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 3 6 1, 2, 3, 4

Science
1-5
(Ag 532)
1, 3 1 1, 2, 6

Understands how species depend on one another on the environment for survival.
12.9.1 Understands that atoms and molecules cycle among the living and nonliving components of the biosphere
12.9.2 Understands that energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from photosynthetic organisms to herbivores to
carnivores and decomposers
12.9.3 Understands how organisms, populations and communities both cooperate and compete in ecosystems
12.9.4 Understands how living organisms have the capacity to produce populations of infinite size, but environments and resources
are finite
12.9.5 Understands how human beings live within the world’s ecosystems. Increasingly, humans modify ecosystems as a result of
population growth, technology, and consumption
12.9.6 Understands how biotic and abiotic factors contribute to each of the ecosystems
12.9.7 Understands feed schedules and feed rations for farm animals
12.9.8 Understands the elements of a health and sanitation program for farm animals
12.9.9 Understands care requirements of pregnant and birthing animals and their newborn offspring
12.9.10Understands the grooming, housing, and exercise requirements of domestic animals
(AP) Chemistry
3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Science
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 3, 4, 5
(Ag 532)
7, 8, 9, 7, 8, 9 9, 10 7, 8, 9, 10

12.10.1 Understands that all living matter tends towards a more disorganized state
12.10.2 Understands why living systems require a continuous input of energy to maintain their chemical and physical organization
12.10.3 Understands that the energy for life is primarily derived from the sun through photosynthesis
12.10.4 Understands cellular respiration and demonstrate the synthesis of macromolecules
12.10.5 Understands that chemical bonds of food molecules, which contain energy, are released when the bonds are broken
12.10.6 Understands that cells usually store energy as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
12.10.7 Understands how the distribution and abundance of organisms and populations in ecosystems are limited by the
availability of matter and energy
12.10.8 Understands how matter cycles and energy flows through different levels of organization of living systems – cells, organs,
organisms, communities – between living systems and the physical environment
12.10.9 Understands that the complexity and organization of organisms accommodates the need for obtaining, transforming,
transporting, releasing, and eliminating the matter and energy used to sustain the organism
12.10.10 Understands how the amount of life an environment can support is limited by the availability of matter and energy and the
ability of the ecosystem to recycle materials
12.10.11 Understands concepts in land, water, and air management and pollution
12.10.12 Understands various sources, availability and problems related to commercial production of energy
(AP) Chemistry
3, 4, 5 1, 2, 4, 6, 9

Science
7, 10, 11, 12 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
(Ag 532)
3, 7, 8 3, 4, 7, 8 8 3 3, 4

Understands the basic concepts of development of organisms over time.
12.11.1 Understands that heritable characteristics, which can be biochemical and anatomical, largely determine what capabilities an
organism will have, how it will behave, and how likely it is to survive and reproduce
12.11.2 Understands that natural selection leads to organisms that are will suited for survival in particular environments, so that when
an environment changes, some inherited characteristics become more or less advantageous or neutral, and chance alone can
result in characteristics having no survival or reproductive value
12.11.3 Understands that there are theories that explains how different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live on
earth today are related by descent from common ancestors
12.11.4 Understands that biological classifications are based on similarities, which reflect their progressive relationships
12.11.5 Understands the biological classification, function and structure of plants
12.11.6 Understands the biological classification, function, and structure of worms and mollusks
12.11.7 Understand biological classification, function, and structure of fishes and amphibians
12.11.8 Understand biological classification, function, and structure of mammals

(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 1, 2

Science
1-4
(Ag 532)
1, 2 1

12.12.1 Understands that matter is made of minute particles called atoms, that atoms are composed of even smaller components, and
that these components have measurable properties
12.12.2 Understands that the atom’s nucleus is positively charged and composed of protons and neutrons, which are much more
massive than the negatively charged electrons and that that the electric force between the nucleus and electrons holds the
atom together
12.12.3 Understands that most elements have two or more isotopes (i.e., atoms that differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus);
although the number of neutrons has little effect on how the atom interacts with others, it does affect the mass and stability
of the nucleus
12.12.4 Understands how radioactive isotopes can be used to estimate the age of materials that contain them because radioactive
isotopes undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions and emit particles and/or wavelike radiation; the decay of any one nucleus
cannot be predicted, but a large group of identical nuclei decay at a predictable rate, which can be used to estimate the
material’s age
12.12.5 Understands that electrons, neutrons, and protons are made up of even smaller constituents
12.12.6 Understands that elements are composed of single-type atoms, that these elements are arranged in the periodic table
according to its number of protons, and how this arrangement shows repeating patterns among elements with similar
properties
12.12.7 Understands how the electron configuration of atoms governs the chemical properties of an element as atoms interact with
one another by transferring or sharing electrons that are furthest from the nucleus
12.12.8 Understands that atoms may be bonded together into molecules or crystalline solids, and compounds are formed from
chemical bonds between two or more different kinds of atoms
12.12.9 Understands that the physical properties of a compound reflect the nature of the interactions among its molecules and that
these interactions are determined by the structure of the molecule, including the constituent atoms and the distances and
angles between them
12.12.10 Understands that chemical reactions occur all around us – in health care, cooking, cosmetics and within plant life and in our
bodies
12.12.11 Understands that a large number of important reactions involve the breaking and reforming of chemical bonds between
atoms, ions and/or molecules
12.12.12 Understands that a large number of important reactions involve the transfer of either electrons (oxidation/reduction
reactions) or hydrogen ions (acid/base reactions) between reacting ions, molecules, or atoms
12.12.13 Understands that chemical bonds are broken by heat or light to form very reactive radicals with electrons ready to form new
bonds called radicals, and that these radical reactions control many processes such as the presence of ozone and green house
gases in the atmosphere, burning and processing of fossil fuels, the formation of polymers and explosions
12.12.14 Understands that chemical reactions can take place at vastly different rates, and reaction rates depend on a variety of factors,
including collisions, temperature, shape and other properties of the reacting species
12.12.15 Understands that chemical reactions can be accelerated by catalysts and that catalysts in the living systems are protein
molecules called enzymes
12.12.16 Understands the variety of structures that may be formed from the bonding of carbon atoms and their roles in various
chemical reactions, including those required for life processes
12.12.17 Understand that the physical properties of a mixture reflects the nature of its components and the intermolecular attractions
that exist between the different molecules and atoms
(AP) Chemistry
15, 16 10, 15, 16 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 5, 6, 9
10, 11, 12, 17 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17

Science
13, 16
(Ag 532)

12.13.1 Understands that the total energy of the universe is constant and that energy can be transferred by collisions in chemical and
nuclear reactions, by light waves and other radiations and in many other ways
12.13.2 Understands that all energy can be considered to be either kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (depends on
relative position), or energy contained by a field (electromagnetic waves); and can be transformed, one into the other
12.13.3 Understands that heat consists of the random motions and vibrations of atoms, molecules and ions and that those motions are
measured in terms of temperature changes
12.13.4 Understands that chemical reactions either release or consume energy in the forms of heat and/or light
12.13.5 Understands how the energy associated with individual atoms and molecules can be used to identify the substances they
comprise; each kind of atom or molecule can gain or lose energy only in particular discrete amounts, and thus can absorb and
emit light only at wavelengths corresponding to these amounts
12.13.6 Understands that matter tends to become steadily less ordered as various energy transfers occur, and the energy tends to
spread out uniformly

(AP) Chemistry
4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Science
(Ag 532)

12.14.1 Understands that waves, including sound and seismic waves, waves on water, and light waves, have energy and can transfer
energy when they interact with matter
12.14.2 Understands the range of the electromagnetic spectrum; and that electromagnetic waves result when a charged object is
accelerated or decelerated, and the energy of electromagnetic waves is carried in packets whose magnitude is inversely
proportional to the wavelength
12.14.3 Knows that apparent changes in wavelength can provide information about changes in motion because the observed
wavelength of a wave depends upon the relative motion of the source and the observer; if either the source or observer is
moving toward the other, the observed wavelength is shorter; if either is moving away, the wavelength is longer
12.14.4 Understands general concepts related to the theory of special relativity
12.14.5 Understands that the laws of motion can be used to determine the effects of forces on the motion of objects

(AP) Chemistry
1, 2 1, 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Science
(Ag 532)

Knows the kinds of forces that exist between objects and within atoms.
12.15.1 Understands how different kinds of materials respond to electric forces and the effect of temperature on those forces
12.15.2 Understands that materials that contain equal proportions of positive and negative charges are electrically neutral, but a very
small excess or deficit of negative charges in a material produces noticeable electric forces
12.15.3 Understands that magnetic forces are very closely related to electric forces and can be thought of as different aspects of a
single electromagnetic force (moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric
forces); the interplay of these forces is the basis for electric motors, generators, radio, television, and many other modern
technologies
12.15.4 Understands that between any two charged particles, electric forces exists that are vastly greater than the gravitational force.
12.15.5 Understands that nuclear forces are much stronger than electromagnetic forces, which are vastly stronger than gravitational
forces; the strength of nuclear forces explains why great amounts of energy are released from the nuclear reactions in
atomic or hydrogen bombs, and in the Sun and other stars
12.15.6 Understands that gravity is a universal force that each mass exerts on any other mass, and that the strength of the
gravitational force between two masses is proportional to the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them
12.15.7 Understands that the electric force is a universal force and that the strength of the electric force between two charged objects
is proportional to the charges (opposite charges attract whereas like charges repel), and, as with gravitation, inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them

(AP) Chemistry
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

Science
(Ag 532)

Learning Objectives Q Q Q Q Q Q: Board Approval: 16 April 2001 Page 1 of 74

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Learning Objectives Q Q Q Q Q Q: Board Approval: 16 April 2001 Page 1 of 74

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Board Approval: 16 April 2001 Page 1 of 74

3.1 Level: K-3 Standard # 1

3.2 Level: K-3 Standard # 2

3.3 Level: K-3 Standard # 3

3.4 Level: K-3 Standard # 4

3.5 Level: K-3 Standard # 5

3.6 Level: K-3 Standard # 6

3.7 Level: K-3 Standard # 7

3.8 Level: K-3 Standard # 8

3.9 Level: K-3 Standard # 9

3.10 Level: K-3 Standard # 10

3.11 Level: K-3 Standard # 11

3.12 Level: K-3 Standard # 12

3.13 Level: K-3 Standard # 13

3.14 Level: K-3 Standard # 14

3.15 Level: K-3 Standard # 15

6.1 Level: 4-6 Standard # 1

6.2 Level: 4-6 Standard # 2

6.3 Level: 4-6 Standard # 3

6.4 Level: 4-6 Standard # 4

6.5 Level: 4-6 Standard # 5

6.6 Level: 4-6 Standard # 6

6.7 Level: 4-6 Standard # 7

6.8 Level: 4-6 Standard # 8

6.9 Level: 4-6 Standard # 9

6.10 Level: 4-6 Standard # 10

6.11 Level: 4-6 Standard # 11

6.12 Level: 4-6 Standard # 12

6.13 Level: 4-6 Standard # 13

6.14 Level: 4-6 Standard # 14

6.15 Level: 4-6 Standard # 15

9.1 Level: 7-9 Standard # 1

9.2 Level: 7-9 Standard # 2

9.3 Level: 7-9 Standard # 3

q 4.a Models the relationship of the

9.4 Level: 7-9 Standard # 4

q 3.b Understands and manipulates a

9.5 Level: 7-9 Standard # 5

9.6 Level: 7-9 Standard # 6

9.7 Level: 7-9 Standard # 7

dominant vs. recessive genes

9.8 Level: 7-9 Standard # 8

9.9 Level: 7-9 Standard # 9

q 4.a Designs a healthy, working

9.10 Level: 7-9 Standard # 10

9.11 Level: 7-9 Standard # 11

9.12 Level: 7-9 Standard # 12

q 2.a Designs Bohr models of the first 20

q 4.a Identifies the basic parts of

9.13 Level: 7-9 Standard # 13

q 4.b Calculates the frequency,

9.14 Level: 7-9 Standard # 14

q 4.b Understands how to determine the

9.15 Level: 7-9 Standard # 15

q 3.a Knows the four forces within the

12.1 Level: 10-12 Standard # 1

Addressed Benchmarks – See individual Courses for Learning Objectives

12.2 Level: 10-12 Standard # 2

Addressed Benchmarks – See individual Courses for Learning Objectives

Geology Geology II Environmental Astronomy Human Anatomy Applied Bio-Chem

12.3 Level: 10-12 Standard # 3

Geology Geology II Environmental Astronomy Human Anatomy Applied Bio-Chem