UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI
PETRONAS

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEPTEMBER 2012 SEMESTER
COURSE

QAB4O63

PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY AND

BASIN MODELING

DATE

3orH DECEMBER 2012 (suNDAy)

TIME

9.00 AM

12.00 NOON (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1.

Answer ALL questions from the Question Booklet.

2.

Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer Booklet.

3.

lndicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.

4.

Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
indicate ALL assumptions.

5.

Do not open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note

There are slX (6) pages in this Question Bookret incruding the

cover page and appendix.

I

Semi-log paper will be provided.

Universiti

Teknologi

PETRONAS

QAB 4063
1.

a.

Compare and Contrast the theories of 'Biogenic' and 'Abiogenic'

origin of petroleum with supporting and opposing evidences.
[10 marks]

b.

Construct a vitrinite reflectance profile using the following well data

of Gandhar-370 and interpret the profile for basin analysis.

TABLE-QI: Vitrinite Reflectance Values for Well Gandhar-370

Depth (ml
Yre
550

0.30

100

0.37

1450

o.44

650

0.48

1700

0.85

1750

0.90

2050

1.30

2400

2.00

[10 marks]

QAB 4063

2.

a.

Construct a diagram and differentiate between

i.
ii.
iii.

Diagenesis

Catagenesis &
Metagenesis

[10 marks]

b.

Categorize basins based on the dissolved oxygen in water

and also explain which of those basins will produce better

source rock.
[5 marks]

c.

Discuss the limitations of Rock-Eval parameters.

[5 marks]

QAB 4063

3.

a.

outline all the geological elements and processes necessary to

describe a typical petroleum system.
[10 marks]

b.

Calculate'Generation-Accumulation Efficiency (GAE)'using the

following data

in a

basin and also comment with suitable

justifications on future exploration input in the basin:

Source Rock Richness (TOC): 3.S%

Source Rock Quality Original Hlo: 500 (mg of HC/g TOC)
Present

Hl.

150 (mg of HC/g TOC)

Source Rock Density: 2.4 (glcc)

Pod of active source rock area: 20x10e
Source RocK Thickness: 200m.
4ooAPt

oit:

m2.

31 .1 s kg/bbt

Established Reserve: 870 x10s (bbl)

[10 marks]

lllustrate the various processes and mechanisms those can alter

4.

the nature of crude oil in the reservoir.

[8 marks]

b.

Prepare a complete list of parameters to describe the grade of the

biodegraded oils.
[B marks]

c.

Analyze the effects of evaporative fr,actionation in reservoir oils.

QAB 4063

5.

a.

compare and contrast three

(3)

branches

of

petroleum

geochemistry.
[6 marks]

b.

Analyze the data given in Table-e5 with special emphasis of

source rock evaluation.

TABLE - Q5: Source Rock Data for a well

Lithology

TOC

S1

S2

Tmax

1. Shale

0.69

0.05

0.68

429

2. Shale

1.19

0.07

1.36

431

3. Sha/e

0.98

0.06

1.47

429

4. Shale

0.90

0.08

1.20

430

5. Sha/e

o.43

0.01

0.21

428

6. Sha/e

1.01

0.06

1.19

431

7. aou sh, 2o% sitt

0.86

0.38

2.86

438

8. 90% sh, to% sitt

0.62

0.32

2.53

438

9. Sha/e

0.36

0.18

1.10

440

HI

PI

Remark

[9 marks]

c.

Justify your remarks in Table - eS.

[5 marks]

- END OF PAPER