SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

Oscillations that formed with a sinusoidal waveform is being described as

simple harmonic motion. At first, we need to know about the word of `harmonic
that has being used in a simple harmonic motion. The word harmonic has several
meanings especially in mathematics. None of which is obviously related to the
others.
Simple harmonic motion is also called as `harmonic oscillations. Simple
harmonic motion is the motion of any object by the objects acceleration is
directly proportional to the distance of its center of path. The acceleration is
directed towards its center. The concept of simple harmonic motion is same as
moving an object in a circular and continuous motion. This motion occurs when
an object is accelerated towards a midpoint or equilibruim position. The size of
the acceleration is dependent upon the distance of the object from the mid-point
There are equations that described simple harmonic motion. Such functions
satisfy the differential equation which is second-order differential equation
dx dt = -kx m
dx dt + kx m = 0
The variables cannot be separate as we have a second derivative
let x =
therefore :
dx dt = ze
which has solution
x = A cos ( t + ) + B sin ( t + )

Mathematical Representation of Simple Harmonic Motion:

At any time t it takes the position B and OB makes an angle with xaxis as illustrated. Let OC be the projection of OB along x-axis.

After that we have

OC = x = OB cos = r cos t

The motion of C along x-axis may be termed as Simple Harmonic

Motion.

We have,

x = r cos t

By differentiating w. r. t. to time,

dx/ dt =- r sin t . . . velocity of C

By differentiating again w. r. t. to time,

d 2x/ dt 2 = ax =- r 2 cos t

ax = - 2 x (. . . acceleration of C)

or

Negative sign mention the acceleration is oriented towards origin.

From the figure it is apparent that the diametrical projection of such a

point oscillates between AOD and back to A as the particle rotates
w.r.t. the circle. is called as the natural circular frequency. The circle
is called auxiliary circle.

The radius is called as amplitude of the motion. The time needed to

complete one oscillation is called as the period of the motion.

Periodic time, T = 2 /

Frequency is described as the number of oscillations per second.

The connection between uniform circular motion and SHM

It might seem like we've started a topic that is completely unrelated to what
we've done previously; however, there is a close connection between circular
motion and simple harmonic motion. Consider an object experiencing uniform
circular motion, such as a mass sitting on the edge of a rotating turntable. This is
two-dimensional motion, and the x and y position of the object at any time can
be found by applying the equations:

The motion is uniform circular motion, meaning that the angular velocity is
constant, and the angular displacement is related to the angular velocity by the
equation:

Plugging this in to the x and y positions makes it clear that these are the
equations giving the coordinates of the object at any point in time, assuming the
object was at the position x = r on the x-axis at time = 0:

How does this relate to simple harmonic motion? An object experiencing simple
harmonic motion is traveling in one dimension, and its one-dimensional motion is
given by an equation of the form

The amplitude is simply the maximum displacement of the object from the
equilibrium position.
So, in other words, the same equation applies to the position of an object
experiencing simple harmonic motion and one dimension of the position of an
object experiencing uniform circular motion. Note that the in the SHM
displacement equation is known as the angular frequency. It is related to the
frequency (f) of the motion, and inversely related to the period (T):

ASSIGNMENT OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS

(SFS2083)
"SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION "

NAME : NOOR AKMALIAH BINTI KAMALUDIN

MATRIC NUMBER : 1140711
PROGRAMME : APPLIED PHYSICS
GROUP : KSE
NAMES OF LECTURER: PROF DR. KARSONO BIN AHMAD DASUKI

Table of contents
Introduction
1. Period, amplitude and frequency
1.1 Oscillations and wave.

1.2 The connection between uniform circular motion and simple harmonic
motion.
4
2. Definition of Simple harmonic motion
2.1 Dynamics of Simple Harmonic Motion

2.2 Energy Relationships in Simple Harmonic Motion

3. Damping, Natural Frequencies, and Resonance

3.1 Damped Harmonic Oscillator

13

3.2 Underdamped simple harmonic motion

14

4. Simple Harmonic Motion (Quadratic Perturbation)

5. Bessel Function and Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
5.1 The lengthening pendulum

19

5.2 Spring-mass system

22

5.3 Spring mass system in horizontal position

24

5.4 Spring-mass system in vertical position

25

5.5 Spring-Mass System with Linearly Increasing Mass

26

5.6 The Quadratic Lagrange Polynomial for Numerical Comparison

28

6. Superposition of Simple Harmonic Motions

7. Taylor's Theorem

8. Simple Pendulum
8.1 Other description about simple pendulum

36

9. Torsional Pendulum
9.1 Calculus Derivations of Simple Harmonic Motion Relationships

38

9.2 Mathematical derivation of simple harmonic motion

38

10. Islamic Perspective

10.1 The Relativity of the Time

43

10.2 The rotations of the earth

44

10.3 Muslims scientific inventions

45

10.4 Conflicts Between Science & Spirituality Are Rooted In Our Brain

48

Conclusions

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