1

External Examination 2015

2015 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

FOR OFFICE
USE ONLY

QUESTION
BOOKLET

SUPERVISOR
CHECK

ATTACH SACE REGISTRATION NUMBER LABEL

TO THIS BOX

1
16 pages, 7 questions

RE-MARKED

Thursday 12 November: 9 a.m.

Time: 2 hours

Section A of Part 1
Examination material: Question Booklet 1 (16 pages)
Question Booklet 2 (14 pages)
one SACE registration number label
Approved dictionaries and calculators may be used.
Instructions to Students
1.

You will have 10 minutes to read the paper. You must not write in your question booklets or use a calculator
during this reading time but you may make notes on the scribbling paper provided.

2.

This paper is in two parts: Section A of Part 1 is in Question Booklet 1; Section B of Part 1 and Part 2 are
in Question Booklet 2.
Part 1: Short-answer Questions (Questions 1 to 12)
Answer Section A of Part 1 (Questions 1 to 7) in the spaces provided in Question Booklet 1.
You may write on page 16 of Question Booklet 1 if you need more space.
Answer Section B of Part 1 (Questions 8 to 12) in the spaces provided in Question Booklet 2.
You may write on page 14 of Question Booklet 2 if you need more space.
Part 2: Extended-response Question (Question 13)
Answer Part 2 in the space provided in Question Booklet 2.
You may write on page 14 of Question Booklet 2 if you need more space.

3.

There is no need to fill all the space provided; clear, well-expressed answers are required.

4.

The allocation of marks is as follows:

Part 1
Part 2
Total

110 marks
10 marks
120 marks

5.

Attach your SACE registration number label to the box at the top of this page. Copy the information from
your SACE registration number label into the boxes on the front cover of Question Booklet 2.

6.

At the end of the examination, place Question Booklet 2 inside the back cover of this question booklet.

SACE Board of South Australia 2015

STUDENTS DECLARATION ON THE USE OF

CALCULATORS
By signing the examination attendance roll I declare that:
my calculators have been cleared of all memory
no external storage media are in use on these calculators.
I understand that if I do not comply with the above conditions
for the use of calculators I will:
be in breach of the rules
have my results for the examination cancelled or amended
be liable to such further penalty, whether by exclusion from
future examinations or otherwise, as the SACE Board of
South Australia determines.

page 2 of 16

The examination questions begin on page 4.

page 3 of 16

PLEASE TURN OVER

PART 1: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

(Questions 1 to 12)

(110 marks)
Answer all questions in this part in the spaces provided. Credit will be given for clear, accurate
answers and the correct use of terminology. The allocation of marks is shown in brackets at the
end of each part of each question.

Section A (Questions 1 to 7)
(60 marks)

1.

A Year 12 Physical Education student participated in a training method that involved a

session of six exercises performed at six stations, as shown in the diagram below:

push-ups

shuttle run (start)

step-ups

sit-ups
skipping (finish)

chin-ups

Refer to the following table, which shows the maximum number of repetitions that the student
completed for each exercise in the fixed time of 1 minute. During the 15-second rest between
each exercise he walked to the next station.
Exercise

Maximum Repetitions
in 1 Minute

shuttle run

28

push-ups

31

step-ups

81

sit-ups

35

chin-ups

25

skipping

58

page 4 of 16

(a) Identify the training method used in the session described on page 4.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) Why do the exercises in this training session alternate between those that use muscle
groups in the upper body and those that use muscle groups in the lower body?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(c) Using data from the table on page 4, explain one way in which the student could achieve
progressive overload.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(d) Identify one fitness factor that the student participating in this training session might
develop, giving a reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(e) Explain one change you would make to the training session in order to apply the
principle of specificity for an elite basketball player.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 5 of 16

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Research has found that aerobic performance in the time leading up to competition can be
improved by making nutritional changes such as the addition of beetroot juice to the athletes
diet.
Refer to the following graph, which shows the oxygen uptake of one cyclist who added
beetroot juice to her diet and of another cyclist who did not change her diet. Both were
cycling at 65% V O2 max.
3.02

V O2 (L/min)

2.

3.00
2.98
2.96
2.94
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.86
2.84
beetroot juice added to diet

no change to diet

(a) Using the data in the graph above, state how the oxygen uptake of the cyclist who
added beetroot juice to her diet is different from that of the cyclist who did not change
her diet.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) Outline how a competitor in another sport could be advantaged by adding beetroot juice
to the diet.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(c) Explain how an increase in the number of mitochondria could lead to an increase in
V O2 max.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 6 of 16

marks)

(d) Identify and explain the likely effect that a change in oxygen uptake at submaximal levels
would have on a cyclist performing a 10-kilometre time trial.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

page 7 of 16

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3.

(a) Increased levels of carbon monoxide in the air reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of
haemoglobin in the human body.
Describe the most likely physiological response of the heart when muscle cells are not
receiving enough oxygen.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

Refer to the following table, which shows the characteristics of two athletic events:
Athletic Event

Duration

2 s throws

discus

six

5000 m race

12 min 40 s

Intensity

Dominant Energy
System

very high

ATPCP

high

aerobic glycolysis

(b) Identify which of the two events in the table above is more likely to expose the athlete to
increased levels of carbon monoxide.
Explain one physiological effect of this exposure on the athletes performance.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

marks)

(c) With specific reference to the respiratory system, give one reason why athletes are likely
to inhale more pollutants when they are exercising than when they are at rest.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 8 of 16

marks)

(d) Choose one of the following physiological responses and explain how it would help an
athlete to deal with increased exposure to carbon monoxide in the air during a race:
increased volume of haemoglobin
increased concentration of myoglobin in the muscle cells
increased density of capillaries.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 9 of 16

marks)

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Two cyclists, each weighing 70 kilograms, participated in a stationary cycle test to the
point of exhaustion, starting at an intensity that produced 2 millimoles per litre (mmol/L) of
blood lactate. One cyclist was aerobically trained and the other was untrained. Refer to the
following graphs, which show the results of the test:
Cyclist A

Cyclist B

10

10
blood lactate (mmol/L)

blood lactate (mmol/L)

4.

6
4
2
0
120

140

160

180

200

8
6
4
2
0
210

230

power output (W)

250

270

290

power output (W)

(a) What name is given to point X on the graph for Cyclist A?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) Identify which of the two cyclists (A or B) was untrained, with specific reference to the
appropriate graph.
Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

marks)

(c) What would be the most likely effect on performance if Cyclist A tried to maintain a
power output of 170 watts (W) for an extended time?
Give a reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 10 of 16

marks)

Rugby is a contact sport in which the attacking team tries to invade the defenders territory.
In response, the defending team tackles the ball carrier in an attempt to stop his forward
movement.
Refer to the following graph, which shows a change in the mean body mass of rugby players
between 1980 and 2010:
mean body mass (kg)

5.

115
110
105
100
95
1980

1990

2000

2010

rugby season
Source: Chris Van Lennep | dreamstime.com

(a) What difference in mean body mass is there between rugby players in 1990 and 2000?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) In biomechanical terms, outline how greater mass will give a defender one advantage in
the force of a collision when tackling a player.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(c) With reference to the effect on the impulse delivered by the tackling player (force acting
over time), explain how the force of a collision can be reduced by leaning into the
oncoming player.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 11 of 16

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Interval training is a common training method used by athletes in individual and team sports.
Refer to the following graph, which shows the blood lactate levels of three athletes who each
undertook a different interval training session (X, Y, and Z). Each session consisted of eight
work intervals at maximum intensity. A warm-up preceded each session.
14
blood lactate (mmol/L)

6.

12

Key

X 30 s work, 60 s rest
Y 60 s work, 120 s rest
Z 10 s work, 180 s rest

10
8

6
4

2
0

10

15

20

25

30

time (min)

(a) Calculate the work-to-rest ratio for interval training session X.

(1 mark)

(b) What is the likely cause of fatigue in the athlete who completed interval training
session Y? Use data from the graph above in your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 12 of 16

marks)

(c) With reference to the interplay of energy systems in the athlete, explain why interval
training session Z produced lower levels of blood lactate than were produced by the
other interval training sessions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 13 of 16

marks)

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7.

Refer to the following table, which shows a generalised yearly training program for a team
sport:
Training Phase

Transition Phase

Pre-season Phase

Competitive Phase

training intensity

lowmedium

mediumhigh

highvery high

training duration (weeks)

12

18

22

volume of training

low

high

highmedium

sources of daily energy

intake (% of total)

61% carbohydrate

65% carbohydrate

69% carbohydrate

27% fat

21% fat

16% fat

12% protein

14% protein

15% protein

(a) With reference to training intensity, explain why the percentage of daily energy from
carbohydrates changes as the athlete progresses from the transition phase to the
competitive phase.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

marks)

(b) Why would increased protein help an athlete during the competitive phase?
Give one physiological reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 14 of 16

marks)

(c) There is a high level of training intensity in the competitive phase of this program.
With reference to the table on page 14, outline one physiological benefit of a reduced
volume of training in this phase. Give reasons for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

marks)

(d) In which phase is the training least likely to be specific to the sport played?
Give reasons for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 15 of 16

marks)

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You may write on this page if you need more space to finish your answers to Section A of Part 1.
Make sure that you label each answer carefully (e.g. 3(b) continued).
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page 16 of 16 end of Question Booklet 1

External Examination 2015

2015 PHYSICAL EDUCATION

FOR OFFICE
USE ONLY
SUPERVISOR
CHECK

SACE REGISTRATION NUMBER

FIGURES

QUESTION
BOOKLET

CHECK
LETTER

SEQ

BIN

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

14 pages, 6 questions

RE-MARKED

Thursday 12 November: 9 a.m.

Section B of Part 1, and Part 2

Write your answers to Section B of Part 1 and to Part 2 in this question booklet.

SACE Board of South Australia 2015

PART 1: SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

Section B (Questions 8 to 12)
(50 marks)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

8.

The size and body shape of elite athletes tend to be very similar in specific sports as they
often give a performance advantage.
Refer to the following diagram, which shows the typical body shape of an average male
(untrained) and three elite athletes (R, S, and T):
Height

1.78 m

1.98 m

1.78 m

1.58 m

average male
(untrained)

Athlete R

Athlete S

Athlete T

(a) Which athlete (R, S, or T) has a body shape predominantly that of an ectomorph?

(1 mark)

(b) Which athlete (R, S, or T) is likely to be an elite gymnast?

(1 mark)

(c) Identify one fitness test that is used to measure body composition.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

page 2 of 14

(1 mark)

(d) The average male (untrained) and Athlete R have an identical body mass of 85 kilograms
but their body shape, size, and composition are substantially different.
Explain two performance advantages that Athlete R would gain from his body shape,
size, or composition if asked to sprint 100 metres.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

page 3 of 14

marks)

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9.

Refer to the following graph, which shows the percentage contribution of various energy
fuels during 2 hours of moderate exercise (70% V O2 max ) by an athlete before and after an
extended training program:
100%
muscle triglycerides
(fats)

80%

fats in blood
(free fatty acids)

60%

carbohydrate

40%
20%
0%

(a) (i)

before training

after training

Using data from the graph above, identify the trend in the use of muscle triglycerides
(fats) as a source of fuel for the athlete before and after the extended training
program.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(ii) Identify the type of training that is likely to have produced this trend.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) (i)

(1 mark)

What performance advantage may muscle triglycerides give an athlete in an

endurance event such as a marathon?
Give a reason for your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 4 of 14

marks)

(ii) Identify one chronic muscular adaptation to an aerobic training program that would
produce the performance advantage that you identified in part (b)(i) on page 4.
Give a reason for your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 5 of 14

marks)

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10. Refer to the following graph, which shows the cardiac output and oxygen consumption of an
endurance runner and a student before training and after training in an extended endurance
running program:

cardiac output (L/min)

30
25
20
15
10
5
0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

oxygen consumption (L/min)

endurance runner

student before training

student after training

(a) What is the relationship between the students cardiac output and oxygen consumption
before the training program?
Give a reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(b) Using data from the graph above, identify the students maximum cardiac output before
the training program and after the training program.
Before training program: ___________________________________________________________________________
After training program: __________________________________________________________________ (2 marks)

(c) Identify one chronic physiological training adaptation that would change the students
maximum cardiac output after the extended endurance running program.
Give a reason for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 6 of 14

marks)

(d) Suggest one reason to explain why the cardiac output when oxygen consumption is
2.0 litres per minute is lower for the endurance runner than for the student before the
training program and after the training program.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

page 7 of 14

marks)

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elevation (m)

11. Refer to the following gradient map for a 14-kilometre fun run:

80

0
0

7
6
8
9
distance (km)

10

11

12

13

14

Lachlan is a 20-year-old fun runner who trained three times a week for 4 months before
completing a 14-kilometre fun run. The fun run was held in hot and windy conditions in a
coastal setting.
Lachlan completed the run in 1 hour and 10 minutes. The fastest time for an elite male
runner was 41 minutes and 51 seconds.

(a) Using the information above, identify and explain two fitness factors needed to maximise
successful performance in this fun run.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

marks)

(b) For each fitness factor you identified in part (a), name one relevant standardised fitness
test.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 8 of 14

marks)

(c) Explain two likely differences between the training methods of an elite male runner and a
male fun runner in their preparation for this fun run.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

marks)

(d) Outline one acute muscular response that would occur during the fun run.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(e) Elite athletes maintained a fast pace throughout the fun run.
Using the gradient map on page 8, explain the likely interplay of energy systems in an
elite male runner between 5 and 8 kilometres.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

page 9 of 14

marks)

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(f)

Explain one possible physiological advantage and one possible physiological disadvantage
of completing the fun run in hot and windy conditions in a coastal setting.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (4

page 10 of 14

marks)

12. Players in an elite, high-intensity sporting competition are placed under immense pressure
from their opponents to make quick and accurate decisions. They may also play in front of
large, vocal crowds.
Refer to the following graphs, which show the types of concentration of two tennis players
(A and B) in a grand final match:
Player A

Player B
10%

35%

concentration on game

15%

psychological strategies

60%
75%

listening to crowd noise

5%

(a) What performance advantage is a player in a grand final match likely to gain from
increased selective attention?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

marks)

(b) At the end of the tennis match, one player had a 3% rate of errors and the other had a
15% rate.
Using data from the graphs above, explain which player (A or B) was likely to have had
the higher rate of errors.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (3

marks)

(c) A player in the cognitive stage is learning the skills of a game.

Explain one way in which a coach could increase the cognitive learners ability to detect
a cue.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________ (2

page 11 of 14

marks)

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PART 2: EXTENDED-RESPONSE QUESTION

(Question 13)

(10 marks)
Write your answer in the space below and on page 13.

13.

Associative Stage

Autonomous Stage

Source: Petro | dreamstime.com

Source: Zhukovsky | dreamstime.com

Coaches use feedback to improve the performance of their athletes.

Explain, with examples, how the type of feedback given by the coach in a sport of your
choice would change as the athlete progressed through the three stages of learning.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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page 12 of 14

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page 13 of 14

PLEASE TURN OVER

You may write on this page if you need more space to finish your answers to Section B of Part 1
or to Part 2. Make sure that you label each answer carefully (e.g. 12(b) continued).
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page 14 of 14 end of Question Booklet 2