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Development of Urinary System

Urogenital system Excretory system

Urinary system Metanephric tissue cap – cover distal end of collecting tubule
Genital system Under inductive influence, renal vesicles are formed
Common mesoder mal ridge (then form small S-shaped tub ules)
(eg. Intermediate mesoderm – along posterior wall of abdominal cavity) Capillaries differentiate into glomeruli
Cloaca – excretory ducts (both systems) enter a common cavity Form nephros/ excretory units
Form Bowman’s capsule
Continuous lengthening of excretory tubules form
Proximal Convulated Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convulated Tubule (DCT)
At birth, kidneys are lobulated in appearance.
Lobulation disappear during infancy (further growth of nephron )(but no ↑ in no. )

Position of Kidney

Kidney systems
Pronephros (1st ) Mesonephr os (2nd ) Metanephros (3rd )
Rudimentary Function for short time Froms permanent
Nonfun ctional in early fetal period kidney
Represented by 7-10 Develop from Excretory units
solid cell groups in intermediate develop from
cervical region mesoderm metanephric Kidney ascent (from pelvic region)(to cranial position in abdomen )
(beginning of 4th week) (upper thoracic → L3 ) mesoderm Ascent is caused by growth of body in lumbar & sacral regions
Cell groups form 1st excretory tubules (metanephric In pelvis, metaneprhos receive arterial supply from pelvic branch of aorta
Vestigial excretory appear (during blastema) During ascend (abdominal level), vascularised by arteries from aorta
units, Nephrotomes regression of Lower vessels degenerate (some remain as accessory arteries)
(regress before more pronephric system)
caudal ones formed ) Functions of Kidney
Disappeared Lengthen to form Collecting system Functional within 12th week
(by the end of 4th week) S shaped loop develop from ureteric Urine passed into amniotic cavity mixes with amniotic fluid
Form Glomerulus bud Fluid is swallowed by kidneys – recycled through kidneys
Form Bowman’s During fetal life, kidney does not function to excrete waste products
capsule (Placenta function to excrete waste products)
(Renal corpus cle)
Mesonephric duct
(Wolffian d uct)
Form Urogenital ridge
Caudal tubules (few)
and mesonephric d uct
persists (participate in
Male genital system
formation)

Collecting system
Develop from ureteric bud
Ureteric bud gives rise to
Ureter
Renal pelvis
Major, Minor Calyces
1-3 million Collecting Tubules
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Developmental anomalies of Kidney Urinary Bladder & Urethra
Renal agenesis Cloaca divided by urore ctal septum into
Congenital polycystic kidney Urogenital sinus
Horseshoe kidney Anorectal canal
Pelvic kidney 3 portions of urogenital sinus
Complete & partial double ureter Upper & Largest Middle narrow canal Last
Form urinary bladder Pelvic part Phallic part
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra

Pelvic Kidney Horseshoe Kidney

Bifid Ureter Horseshoe Kidney

Mesonephric ducts enter prostatic urethra to become ejaculatory ducts (Male)

Complete & Partial Double Ureter Ectopic Ureteral Openings

Urethra
Epithelium originates in Endoderm
Surrounding Connective Tissue & Muscle Tissue - Splanchni c Mesoderm
Epithelium of prostatic urethra
Proliferate
Form outgrowths (penetrate mesenchyme)
Male
Buds for m Prostate Gland
Female
Cranial part of urethra gives rise to Urethral & Paraurethral glands