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Chapter 04
Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Evolution
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Evolution
4-1
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. Regular lawn mowing selects for short-headed rather than tall-headed dandelions because
A. Tall flowers spread their seeds farther
B. Tall flowers are cut before they can produce seeds
C. Short flowers can reproduce
D. Short flowers spread their seeds farther
E. Short flowers have less competition when the lawn is mowed often
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Evolution
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Evolution
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
4-2
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
6. There are usually many tolerance limits responsible for limiting the number and location of
a species. However, some organisms have ____________ that limit/limits their distribution.
A. a specific critical factor
B. other environmental conditions
C. many factors
D. nothing
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
7. A species can withstand a wide range of pH as an adult but the juveniles can only withstand
a narrow range of pH. The abiotic factor, pH, would best be described as a
A. Stress factor
B. Intolerance factor
C. Tolerance limit
D. Critical factor
E. Physical factor
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
8. Which of the following fish species would be the best indicator of clean, well-oxygenated
water?
A. Carp
B. Largemouth bass
C. Catfish
D. Rainbow trout
E. Sunfish
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
4-3
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
10. Indicator species, such as lichens, generally have a(n) ___________ tolerance range for a
____________.
A. Narrow; critical factor
B. Narrow; number of physical factors
C. Average; number of physical factors
D. Broad; number of critical factors
E. Broad; critical factor
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
Section 04.01
4-4
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
11. What would you label the range of temperature from 90F to 94F for this particular
species?
A. Zone of intolerance
B. Zone of physiological stress
C. Tolerance limit range
D. Optimal range
E. Range of tolerance
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
12. What would you label the range of temperature from 95F to 96F for this particular species
in the scenario?
A. Zone of intolerance
B. Tolerance limit range
C. Zone of physiological stress
D. Optimal range
E. Range of tolerance
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
13. The most common reason that introduced species negatively impact an environment is
because they
A. Are larger than native species
B. Disrupt preexisting niches
C. Are unusually efficient predators
D. None of these is correct
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
4-5
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
14. Some communities, such as grasslands, may never really reach F.E. Clements's concept of
a climax stage because
A. Ecological succession works too slowly
B. There is no optimum community for these environments
C. They are adapted to periodic disturbance
D. Their environmental conditions are too unstable
E. Primary succession is a slow process
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
4-6
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
17. Primary succession occurs when a community develops ____________ while secondary
succession occurs when one ________.
A. Into a climax community; species replaces another
B. And replaces another; ecosystem becomes stable
C. On bare rock; biological community replaces another
D. And then fails; niche changes
E. Intraspecific competition; experiences interspecific competition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.04
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
4-7
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
20. In the coastal forest of Oregon an area was clear-cut for logging. Trees at the edge of the
clearing and 200 meters into the forest died within a few months after the logging began.
What is the best explanation for the death of the trees?
A. The trees at the edge of the forest were more prone to disease
B. Increased sunlight, wind and temperature negatively affected the trees
C. The roots of all of the trees were damaged
D. Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of the trees were killed
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
21. A community that changes very little over time is said to have great
A. Renewal ability
B. Complexity
C. Diversity
D. Constancy
E. Connectedness
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
22. A community with hundreds of different types of primary producers, a few herbivores and
only one carnivore, has
A. Little complexity
B. Little diversity
C. A great deal of complexity
D. Low productivity
E. A great deal of productivity
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
4-8
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
25. In a biological community where diversity is great, such as a tropical rainforest, the
abundance of any one species is likely to be
A. Great
B. Small
C. Widely variable from year to year
D. The same from year to year
E. None of these, abundance does not depend on diversity
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
4-9
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
26. "Abundance" describes the total number of _________ while "diversity" describes the
number of _________.
A. Species in a community; individual organisms in a community
B. Organisms in a community; species in a community
C. Individuals in a niche; niches available to a given species
D. Species in a bioregion; trophic levels in a community
E. Biomes; habitats available for different species
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.03
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
4-10
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
31. ____________________ is the term used to describe two species that look alike and are
both danergous or unpalatable.
A. Mullerian mimicry
B. Batesian mimicry
C. Symbiosis
D. Commensalism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Evolution
4-11
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
32. A viceroy butterfly that closely resembles the bad tasting monarch is an example of
__________, and the example of beetles that look like stinging wasps is an example of
__________.
A. Batesian mimicry; Batesian mimicry
B. Batesian mimicry; Muellerian mimicry
C. Muellerian mimicry; Muellerian mimicry
D. Muellerian mimicry; Batesian mimicry
E. Commensalism; symbiosis
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
34. In the partnership of a lichen, the fungus provides _________ and the relationship is best
described as _______.
A. Most of the photosynthesis; symbiosis
B. Poisons that deter predation; commensalism
C. Structure and moisture-holding ability; mutualism
D. Very little to the algal partner; parasitism
E. Some of the photosynthesis; commensalism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
4-12
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
37. In some species, young individuals float freely as plankton while mature members are
fixed on the seafloor. This is an effective strategy because
A. The different life phases of these species do not compete for food
B. Fixed adults are more likely to survive
C. Predators cannot catch plankton
D. The adults can find mates more readily
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
4-13
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
40. Which of the following is NOT a strategy for successfully avoiding interspecific
competition?
A. Eating fruit before it is ripe for other species
B. Trees spreading seeds or offspring far and fast
C. Producing substances that are toxic to competitors
D. All of these are strategies for successful interspecific competition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
4-14
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
42. Two birds, a titmouse and a chickadee are living in the same territory and are using some
of the same resources. This interaction can be best classified as
A. Mutualism
B. Intraspecific competition
C. Interspecific competition
D. Symbiosis
E. Commensalism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section: 04.02
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
4-15
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
4-16
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
47. Certain night-active moths and day-active birds are specialized nectar feeders. How do
these species coexist if they are using the same resource for food?
A. Because they both use the nectar, eventually one of the two species will need to move to a
new area
B. They do not compete for the nectar because they feed at different times of the day
C. There is enough nectar to supply both the birds and the moths with their feeding needs
D. Eventually the niche breadth will increase and there will be less competition
E. None of the choices is correct
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Section 04.01
Topic: Ecology
4-17
Copyright 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.