AQA Mechanics 1 Kinematics in one dimension

Section 1: Using graphs

Solutions to Exercise
1. (i) Total displacement is the final displacement
Total displacement = -20 m.
Total distance travelled = 40 + 40 + 20 = 100 m.
(ii) Total displacement = 0
Total distance travelled = 2 + 2 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 5 km.

2. (a) Distance from Haltwhistle to Carlisle = 100 50 = 50 km.

50
66 23 kmh-1
0.75
100
Average speed from Carlisle to Newcastle
75 kmh-1
4/3

(b) Average speed from Newcastle to Haltwhistle

Times need to
be in hours

(c) Total time taken = 4 hours 50 minutes 4 56

Total distance travelled = 200 km
total distance travelled
Average speed
time taken
200
5
46
41.4 kmh-1
3. (a) Acceleration is the gradient of the graph in the first 10 seconds.
30
3
Gradient
10
Acceleration = 3 ms-2.
(b) Gradient of graph in last 5 seconds
Deceleration = 6 ms-2.

30
6
5

v (ms-1)

(c) Total distance travelled = area under graph

Area A 21 10 30 150
Area B 5 30 150
Area C 21 5 30 75
Total distance travelled = 375 m.

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30
A

B
10

C
15 20

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t (s)

AQA M 1 Kinematics in 1D 1 Exercise solutions

4. (a) The apple moves with constant negative acceleration (due to gravity),
until it is instantaneously at rest. It then moves with constant positive
acceleration.
This is graph (i).
(b) The car will move with variable speed and variable acceleration, stopping at
intervals.
This is not represented by any of the graphs.
The graph might look like this:

t
(c) The ball will very gradually increase its speed due to the slight slope of the
bowling lane. The acceleration is constant as it is due to gravity.
This is graph (iii).
(d) The parachutist will initially have constant acceleration due to gravity.
When the parachute opens, there will initially be negative acceleration,
after which the speed will be approximately constant.
This is graph (ii).
5. (a) The time for the whole journey is 3 T seconds, so T = 15 seconds.
(b) Acceleration

6. (a)

V
30

1.5

V
V

2T
30
V 45 ms-1

velocity (ms-1)
C
12
A

D
22

12

time (s)

12
6 ms-2.
2
Acceleration from B to C = 3 ms-2

(b) Acceleration from A to B

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AQA M 1 Kinematics in 1D 1 Exercise solutions

(c) From B to C, 3

v 12

10
30 v 12
v 42
The speed at C is 42 ms-1.

(d) Retardation

7. (a)

42
4.2 ms-2.
10

v (kmh-1)
120

0.75

t (hours)

(b) Distance = area under graph

Distance covered at constant speed 120 0.75 90
This is 76 of the distance from A to B
so the distance from A to B 76 90 105 km.
(c) Distance travelled during retardation = 15 km
15 21 (T 0.75 ) 120

0.25 T 0.75
T 1

120
480 kmh-2
0.25
480000
1

ms-1
2
3600
27

Final retardation

8. (a) Distance travelled in first 5 seconds 21 5 30 75 m.

Distance travelled in next 5 seconds 5 30 150 m
Distance travelled in first 10 seconds = 225 m.
(b) Acceleration during last part of journey

30
2 ms-2.
15

(c) Distance travelled in first 5 seconds = 75 m (from (a))

Distance travelled in next 10 seconds 10 30 300 m
Distance travelled in final 15 seconds 21 15 30 225 m
Total distance travelled = 600 m.

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AQA M 1 Kinematics in 1D 1 Exercise solutions

9. Area under graph 21 90 V
45V 900

V 20 ms-1

10. (a) Initial acceleration = 2

16

T 8

using area of a
trapezium

(b) Area under graph 21 (40 22) 16

496
Distance travelled = 496 m.

distance travelled
time
496

40
12.4 ms-1

(c) Average speed

11.

velocity (km/min)

12 time (mins)
Area under graph 21 12V 6V
Distance travelled = 12 km 6V 12

V 2 km/min 120 kmh-1

12.

Velocity (ms-1)
40

240

Time (s)

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AQA M 1 Kinematics in 1D 1 Exercise solutions

Area under graph during acceleration 21 240 40 4800
Area under graph during deceleration = 1500
1500 21 t 40

t 75
Time spent decelerating = 75 s
Total area under graph = 30000, so area under graph at constant speed =
30000 4800 1500 = 23700.
23700
Time spent at constant speed
592.5 s
40
Total time for journey = 240 + 75 + 592.5 = 907.5 s
= 15.125 minutes.

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