Hydrolysis:

When weak acids and bases react, the relative strength of the
conjugated acid-base pair in the salt determines the pH of its
solutions. The salt, or its solution, so formed can be acidic, basic
or neutral.

Acid-

Base-

Salt

forming
Strong
Strong
Weak
Weak

forming
Strong
Weak
Strong
Weak

properties

Examples

Neutral
Acid
Base
Depend on the

NaCl, K2SO4
NH4Cl, AlCl3
NaCH3COO, KCN
NH4CH3COO,

relative strength

(NH4)2CO3

of acids and
bases

Salts formed from both strong acids and bases can not be
hydrolysed
Eg. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
NaCl Na+ + ClNa+ + H2O (Reaction does not take place)
Cl- + H2O (Reaction does not take place)
So, NaCl is unable to change the concentrations of H + and
OH- ions (neutral).
Salts formed from weak acids and strong bases are
partially hydrolysed
Eg. NaOH + CH3COOH NaCH3COO + H2O
NaCH3COO Na+ + CH3COONa+ + H2O (Reaction does not take place)
CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OHSo, Hydrolysis produces H+ ion and the alkaline salts are
formed
(pH 7)

Kh =
[OH-] =

Kw
Ka

Kw
. M
Ka

Kh

= Hydrolysis constant

Kw

= Water equilibrium constant

Ka

= Weak acid ionisation constant

= Hydrolysed anion concentration

Salts formed from strong acids and weak bases are

partially hydrolysed in water.
Eg. NH3 + HCl NH4+ + ClNH4+ + H2O NH3 + H3O+
Cl- + H2O (Reaction does not take place)
So, the hydrolysis produces OH- ion and the acidity salts
are formed
(pH < 7)

Kh =

[ H+] =

Kh

Kw
Kb

Kw
. M
Kb

= Hydrolysis constant

Kw

= Water equilibrium constant

Kb

= Weak base ionisation constant

= Hydrolysed anion concentration

Salts formed from weak acids and weak bases will be

totally hydrolysed in water. Both anion and cation
produced in hydrolysis process react with water.
Eg. CH3COOH + NH4OH NH4CH3COO + H2O
NH4CH3COO NH4+ + CH3COOCH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OHNH4+ + H2O NH3+ + H3O+
If acid is weaker than base (Ka<Kb), the anions will be more
hydrolysed and alkaline. Conversely, if the acid stronger
than base (Kb<Ka), the cations will be more hydrolised
and acidic. However, if weak acid as weak as base
(Ka=Kb), the solution is to be neutral.

[H+] =

Kh =

K w K a
Kb

Kw
K a x Kb

Kh

= Hydrolysis constant

Kw

= Water equilibrium constant

Kb

= Weak base ionisation constant

= Hydrolysed anion concentration

Sheet Activities:
1. Salts might be totally hydrolised below is
a. CH3COONH4 b. NH4Cl
c. NaCl d. CH3COONa
e. Na2CO3
2. The pH of NH4Cl 0.1 M solution is.(Kb NH3 =
1.8x10-5; log 7.45 = 0.9).
a. 6
b. 6.9
c. 7

d. 5.1

e.

7.45
3. The pH of NaC2H3O2 is 10. Determine the molarity of
the solution if the value of Ka acetic acid is 10-5.
a. 0.1
b. 1
c. 5
d. 10
e. 20
4. 400 ml of CH3COOH 0.05 M reacts with 100 ml
NaOH 0.2M as shown below:
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
If given Ka acetic acid = 10-5, the pH of the solution
is
a. 5.5-log2
log4

b. 5.5-log4

c. 8.5-log4

d. 8.5-

e. 8.5+log2

5. Sodium cyanide, NaCN, can be prepared by mixing

50 ml NaOH 5x10-3 M with 50 ml cyanide acid, HCN
5x10-3M. If Ka HCN = 5x10-10, the compound will be
hydrolysed in water with the value of pH is..(given
5 =2.2).

a. 2-log1.5 b. 4-log2.2 c. 10-log5.0 d. 10+log2.2

e. 12+log1.5
6. 25 ml CH3COOH 0.2M (Ka = 10-5) is mixed to 25 ml
NaOH 0.2 M. The pH of the solution is
a. 6
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11

e. 12

7. 1L of NH4Cl with pH=5. If Kb NH4OH is 10-5, the

solution containing NH4Cl .gram.
a. 53.5
b. 26.75 c. 5.35 d. 2.675 e. 0.535

1. Garam dapat benar-benar hydrolised di bawah ini adalah ......

CH3COONH4 b . NH4Cl c . NaCl d . CH3COONa e . Na2CO3

2. PH NH4Cl 0,1 M solusi adalah .... ( Kb NH3 = 1.8x10 - 5; log 7.45 = 0,9 ) .
6 b . 6,9 c . 7 d . 5.1 e . 7.45
PH NaC2H3O2 adalah 10 . Tentukan molaritas larutan jika nilai Ka asam asetat adalah
10-5 .
0,1 b . 1 c . 5 d . 10 e . 20
400 ml CH3COOH 0,05 bereaksi M dengan 100 ml NaOH 0.2m seperti yang ditunjukkan
di bawah ini :
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
Jika diberi Ka asam asetat = 10-5 , pH larutan adalah ...
5,5 - log2 b . 5,5 - log4 c . 8,5 - log4 d . 8,5 - log4 e . 8.5 + log2
Sodium sianida , NaCN , dapat dibuat dengan mencampur 50 ml NaOH 5x10 - 3 M

dengan 50 ml asam sianida , HCN 5x10 - 3M . Jika Ka HCN = 5x10 10 , senyawa

tersebut akan dihidrolisis dalam air dengan nilai pH ..... ( diberikan 5 = 2,2 ) .
2 - log1.5 b . 4 - log2.2 c . 10 - log5.0 d . 10 + log2.2 e . 12 + log1.5
CH3COOH 25 ml 0.2m ( Ka = 10-5 ) dicampur dengan 25 ml NaOH 0,2 M. PH larutan
adalah ...
6 b . 9 c . 10 d . 11 e . 12
1L NH4Cl dengan pH = 5 . Jika Kb NH4OH adalah 10-5 , larutan yang mengandung
NH4Cl ....... gram .
53,5 b . 26.75 c . 5.35 d . 2,675 e . 0.535