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BasicsofTDMA,FDMAandCDMA

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Basics of TDMA, FDMA

and CDMA
Multiplexing: Multiplexing is a technique in which several
message signals are combined into a composite signal

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Structure

for transmission over a common channel. In order to

transmit a number of these signals over the same

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channel, the signal must be kept apart so that they do

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not interfere with each other, and hence they can be

separated easily at the receiver end.

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Digital radio has developed ways in which more than

Fundamentals of Error

one conversation can be accommodated (multiplexed)

Correction, Hamming
cutoff

inside the same physical RF channel. There are three

Codes

common ways of achieving this:

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
Code Divisional Multiple Access (CDMA)

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Timing and Frequency

Synchronization, InterMtech.

Symbol Interference and Its

Mitigation

Frequency Division Multiplexing: In FDMA, we divide

whole bandwidth of channel in small segments and allot
it to different users so that they can access channel at
the same time by using their allotted bandwidth.
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BasicsofTDMA,FDMAandCDMA

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Time Division Multiplexing: In TDMA, whole time slot is

divided among different users so that at a time only one
user is accessing the channel.

Key Points
Bandwidth requirement in TDMA and FDMA is
almost same for same number of users.
The TDMA system can be used to multiplex analog
or digital signals, however it is more suitable for the
digital signal multiplexing.
The communication channel over which the TDMA
signal is travelling should ideally have an infinite
bandwidth in order to avoid the signal distortion.
Such channels are known as the band limited
channels.
Code Division Multiplexing (CDMA): Instead of splitting
the RF channel in to sub-channels or time slots, each slot
has a unique code. Unlike FDMA, the transmitted RF
frequency is the same in each slot, and unlike TDMA, the
slots are transmitted simultaneously. In the diagram, the
channel is split in to four code slots. Each slot is still
capable of carrying a separate conversation because the
receiver only reconstructs information sent from a
transmitter with the same code.

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BasicsofTDMA,FDMAandCDMA

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