Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Features
Contents
Part I: The Field of Pediatrics
1 Overview of Pediatrics 2 Quality and Safety in Healthcare for Children 3 Ethics in Pediatric
Care 4 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care 5 Maximizing Childrens Health: Screening,
Anticipatory Guidance, and Counseling
Part II: Growth, Development, and Behavior
6 Overview and Assessment of Variability 6.1 Assessment of Fetal Growth and Development
7 The Newborn 8 The First Year 9 The Second Year 10 Preschool Years 11 Middle Childhood
12 Adolescence 13 Sexual Behavior 13.1 The Development of Sexual Behavior 13.2 Gender
Identity Disorder (GID) 13.3 Adolescent Homosexuality 14 Assessment of Growth 15
Developmental Screening and Surveillance 16 Child Care: How Pediatricians Can Support
Children and Famillies 17 Separation, Loss, and Bereavement 18 Sleep Medicine
Part III: Child and Adolescent Psychology
19 Assessment and Interviewing 20 Psychological Treatment of Children and Adolescents
20.1 Illness and Death 20.2 Psychopharmacology 20.3 Psychotherapy 20.4 Psychiatric
Hospitalization 21 Psychosomatic Illness 22 Vegetative Disorders 22.1 Rumination Disorders
22.2 Pica 22.3 Enuresis (Bedwetting) 22.4 Encopresis 23 Habit and Tic Disorders 24 Anxiety
Disorders 25 Mood Disorders 25.1 Major Depression 25.2 Dysthymic Disorder 25.3 Bipolar
Disorder 26 Suicide and Attempted Suicide 27 Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Binge Eating
28 Disruptive Behavioral Disorders 29 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Childhood
Psychosis 29.1 Autistic Disorder 29.2 Aspergers Disorder 29.3 Childhood Disintegrative
Disorder 29.4 Rett's Disorder 29.5 Childhood Schizophrenia 29.6 Acute Phobic Hallucinations
30 Patterns of Development and Function in the School-Aged Child 31 Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder 32 Specific Reading Disability 32.1 Language Development and
Communication Disorders
PART IV: Children with Special Needs
33 Adoption 34 Foster Care 35 Impact of Violence on Children 35.1 School Violence and
Bullying 35.2 Effect of War on Children 36 Abuse and Neglect of Children 36.1 Sexual Abuse
36.2 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy 36.3 Parental Styles 37 Failure to Thrive 38
Developmental Disabilities and Chronic Illness 38.1 Mental Retardation (Intellectual Disability)
39 Organ Transplantation 40 Pediatric Palliative Care: The Care of Children with Life-Limiting
Illness 40.1 Grief and Bereavement
Part V: Nutrition
41 Nutritional Requirements 42 The Feeding of Infants and Children 43 Food Insecurity,
Hunger, and Undernutrition 44 Overweight and Obesity 45 Vitamin A Deficiency and Excess
46 Vitamin B Complex Deficiency and Excess 46.1 Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) 46.2 Riboflavin
(Vitamin B-2) 46.3 Niacin 46.4 Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine) 46.5 Biotin 46.6 Folate 46.7 Vitamin
B-12 (Cobalamin) 47 Vitamin C Deficiency (Ascorbic Acid) 48 Rickets and Hypervitaminosis D
49 Vitamin E Deficiency 50 Vitamin K Deficiency 51 Micronutrient Deficiency
Part VI: The Pathophysiology of Body Fluids and Fluid Therapy
52 Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders 52.1 Composition of Body Fluids 52.2 Regulation of
Osmolality and Volume 52.3 Sodium 52.4 Potassium 52.5 Magnesium 52.6 Phosphorus 52.7
Acid-Base Balance 53 Maintenance and Replacement Therapy 54 Deficit Therapy 55 Fluids
and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders 55.1 Acute Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration
55.2 Diarrhea in Chronically Malnourished Children 55.3 Pyloric Stenosis 55.4 Perioperative
Fluids
Part VII: Pediatric Drug Therapy
56 Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Pharmacoproteins 57 Principles of Drug
Therapy 58 Poisonings 59 Herbal Medicines
Membrane Disease) 101.5 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn 101.6 Aspiration of Foreign
Material (Fetal Aspiration Syndrome, Aspiration Pneumonia) 101.7 Meconium Aspiration
101.8 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (Persistent Fetal Circulation) 101.9
Diaphragmatic Hernia 101.10 Foramen of Morgagni Hernia 101.11 Paraesophageal Hernia
101.12 Eventration 101.13 Extrapulmonary Extravasation of Air (Pneumothorax,
Pneumomediastinum, Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema) 101.14 Pulmonary Hemorrhage
102 Digestive System Disorders 102.1 Meconium Ileus in Cystic Fibrosis 102.2 Neonatal
Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) 102.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn 102.4
Kernicterus 103 Blood Disorders 103.1 Anemia in the Newborn Infant 103.2 Hemolytic
Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis Fetalis) 103.3 Plethora in the Newborn Infant
(Polycythemia) 103.4 Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant 104 Genitourinary System 105 The
Umbilicus 106 Metabolic Disturbances 106.1 Maternal Selective Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors and Neonatal Behavioral Syndromes 106.2 Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 107 The
Endocrine System 107.1 Infants of Diabetic Mothers 107.2 Hypoglycemia 108 Dysmorphology
109 Infections of the Neonatal Infant 109.1 Pathogenesis and Epidemiology 109.2 Modes of
Transmission and Pathogenesis 109.3 Immunity 109.4 Etiology of Fetal and Neonatal
Infection 109.5 Epidemiology of Early- and Late-Onset Neonatal Infections 109.6 Clinical
Manifestations of Transplacental Intrauterine Infections 109.7 Diagnosis 109.8 Treatment
109.9 Complications and Prognosis 109.1'0 Prevention
Part XII: Adolescent Medicine
110 The Epidemiology of Adolescent Health Problems 111 Delivery of Health Care to
Adolescents 111.1 Legal Issues 111.2 Screening Procedures 111.3 Health Enhancement 112
Violent Behavior 113 Substance Abuse 113.1 Alcohol 113.2 Tobacco 113.3 Marijuana 113.4
Volatile Inhalants 113.5 Hallucinogens 113.6 Cocaine 113.7 Amphetamines 113.8 Opiates
113.9 Anabolic Steroids 114 The Breast 115 Menstrual Problems 115.1 Amenorrhea 115.2
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding 115.3 Dysmenorrhea 115.4 Premenstrual Syndrome 116
Contraception 116.1 Barrier Methods 116.2 Spermicides 116.3 Combination Methods 116.4
Hormonal Methods 116.5 Emergency Contraception 116.6 Intrauterine Devices 117
Adolescent Pregnancy 118 Adolescent Rape 119 Sexually Transmitted Infections 120 Chronic
Fatigue Syndrome
Part XIII: Immunology
Section 1: Evaluation of the Immune Systems 121 Evaluation of Suspected Immunodeficiency
Section 2: The T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems 122 T Lymphocytes, B Lymphocytes, and Natural
Killer Cells 123 Primary Defects of Antibody Production 123.1 Treatment of B-Cell Defects
124 Primary Defects of Cellular Immunity 125 Primary Combined Antibody and Cellular
Immunodeficiencies 125.1 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) 125.2 Combined
Immunodeficiency (CID) 125.3 Defects of Innate Immunity 125.4 Treatment of Cellular or
Combined Immunodeficiency 125.5 Immune Dysregulation with Autoimmunity or
Lymphoproliferation Section 3: The Phagocytic System 126 Neutrophils 127 Monocytes and
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells 128 Eosinophils 129 Disorders of Phagocyte Function 130
Leukopenia 131 Leukocytosis Section 4: The Complement System 132 The Complement
System 133 Disorders of the Complement System 133.1 Evaluation of the Complement
System 133.2 Genetic Deficiencies of Complement Components 133.3 Deficiencies of
Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Complement Control Proteins 133.4 Secondary Disorders of
Complement 133.5 Treatment of Complement Disorders Section 5: 134 Principles and
Clinical Indications 135 HSCT from Alternative Sources and Donors 136 Graft vs Host
Disease (GVHD) and Rejection 137 Infectious Complications of HSCT 138 Late Effects of
HSCT
Part XIV: Allergy
139 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease 140 Diagnosis of Allergic Disease
141 Principles of Treatment of Allergic Disease 142 Allergic Rhinitis 143 Childhood Asthma
144 Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic Eczema) 145 Insect Allergy 146 Ocular Allergies 147 Urticaria
and Angioedema (Hives) 148 Anaphylaxis 149 Serum Sickness 150 Adverse Reactions to
Foods 151 Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Part XV: Rheumatology
152 Evaluation of Suspected Rheumatic Disease 153 Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases 154
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 155 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthropathies
156 Reactive Arthritis 157 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 157.1 Neonatal Lupus 158
Juvenile Dermatomyositis 159 Scleroderma and Raynaud Syndrome 160 BehVets Disease
161 Sjgrens Syndrome 162 Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes 163 Amyloidosis 164
Sarcoidosis 165 Kawasaki Disease 166 Vasculitis Syndromes 166.1 Henoch-Schnlein
Purpura 166.2 Takayasu Arteritis 166.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa 166.4 Wegener Granulomatosis
166.5 Other Vasculitic Syndromes 167 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes 167.1 Fibromyalgia
167.2 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 167.3
Erythromelalgia 168 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated With Arthritis
Part XVI: Infectious Diseases
Section 1. General Considerations 169 Diagnostic Microbiology Section 2. Preventive
Measures (NEW) 170 (NEW) Immunization Practices 170.1 (NEW) International
Immunization Practices 171 Infection Control and Prophylaxis 172 Childcare and
Communicable Diseases 173 Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally 174 Fever
175 Fever Without a Focus 176 Sepsis, Septic Shock, and System Inflammatory Response
Syndrome (SIRS) 177 Infections in Immunocompromised Persons 178 Infections Associated
with Medical Devices Section 3. Antibiotic Therapy (NEW) 179 Principles of Antibacterial
Therapy Section 4. Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections 180 Staphylococcus 180.1
Staphylococcus aureus 180.2 Toxic Shock Syndrome 180.3 Coagulase-Negative
Staphylococci 181 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) 182 Group A Streptococcus
182.1 Rheumatic Fever 183 Group B Streptococcus 184 NonGroup A or B Streptococcus
184 Enterococcus 186 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) 187 Listeria monocytogenes
188 Actinomyces 189 Nocardia Section 5. Gram Negative Bacterial Infections 190 Neisseria
meningitidis (Meningococcus) 191 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus) 192 Haemophilus
influenzae 193 Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) 194 Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and B.
parapertussis) 195 Salmonella 195.1 Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis 195.2 Enteric Fever
(Typhoid Fever) 196 Shigella 197 Escherichia coli 198 Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) 199
Campylobacter 200 Yersinia 200.1 Yersinia enterocolitica 200.2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
200.3 Plague (Yersinia pestis) 201 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas 201.1 Aeromonas 201.2
Plesiomonas shigelloides 202 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas 202.1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 202.2 Burkholderia 202.3 Stenotrophomonas 203 Tularemia
(Francisella tularensis) 204 Brucella 205 Legionella 206 Bartonella 206.1 Bartonellosis
(Bartonella bacilliformis) 206.2 Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae) 206.3 Trench
Fever (Bartonella quintana) 206.4 Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis Hepatis
(Bartonellahenselae and Bartonella quintana) Section 6: Anaerobic Bacterial Infections 207
Endocardial Cushion Defects) 426.6 Ventricular Septal Defect 426.7 Supracristal Ventricular
Septal Defect with Aortic Insufficiency 426.8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 426.9
Aorticopulmonary Window Defect 426.1-0 Coronary-Arteriovenous Fistula (Coronary-Cameral
Fistula) 426.11 Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm 427 Acyanotic Congenital Heart
Disease: The Obstructive Lesions 427.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular
Septum 427.2 Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle 427.3
Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an Intracardiac Shunt 427.4 Peripheral Pulmonary
Stenosis 427.5 Aortic Stenosis 427.6 Coarctation of the Aorta 427.7 Coarctation with
Ventricular Septal Defect 427.8 Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies and Interrupted
Aortic Arch 427.9 Congenital Mitral Stenosis 427.1-0 Pulmonary Venous Hypertension 428
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions 428.1 Pulmonary Valvular
Insufficiency and Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve 428.2 Congenital Mitral
Insufficiency 428.3 Mitral Valve Prolapse 428.4 Tricuspid Regurgitation 429 Cyanotic
Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation of the Critically Ill Neonate with Cyanosis and
Respiratory Distress 430 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: Lesions Associated with
Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow 430.1 Tetralogy of Fallot 430.2 Tetralogy of Fallot with
Pulmonary Atresia 430.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum 430.4 Tricuspid
Atresia 430.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Pulmonary Stenosis 430.6 Transposition of
the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis 430.7 Ebstein
Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve 431 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated
with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow 431.1 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries 431.2 dTransposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum 431.3 Transposition of the
Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect 431.4 l-Transposition of the Great Arteries
(Corrected Transposition) 431.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary Stenosis
431.6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Transposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing
Anomaly) 431.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 431.8 Truncus Arteriosus 431.9
Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle, Univentricular Heart) 431.10 Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome 431.11 Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia,
Polysplenia) 432 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations 432.1 Anomalies of the
Aortic Arch 432.2 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries 432.3 Pulmonary Arteriovenous
Fistula 432.4 Ectopia Cordis 432.5 Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle 433 Pulmonary
Hypertension 433.1 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension 433.2 Pulmonary Vascular Disease
(Eisenmenger Syndrome) 434 General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease
434.1 The Adult with Congenital Heart Disease Section 4. Cardiac Arrhythmias 435
Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart 435.1 Principles of Antiarrhythmic Therapy
435.2 Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles 435.3 Supraventricular Tachycardia 435.4
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 435.5 Long Q-T Syndrome 435.6 Sinus Node Dysfunction 435.7
AV Block 436 Sudden Death Section 5. Acquired Heart Disease 437 Infective Endocarditis
438 Rheumatic Heart Disease Section 6. Diseases of the Myocardium and Pericardium 439
Diseases of the Myocardium 439.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 439.2 Hypertrophic
Cardiomyopathy 439.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathies 439.4 Myocarditis 439.5 Nonviral
Causes of Myocarditis 439.6 Endocardial Fibroelastosis 440 Diseases of the Pericardium
440.1 Acute Pericarditis 440.2 Constrictive Pericarditis 441 Tumors of the Heart Section 7.
Cardiac Therapeutics (Heart Failure and End-Stage Cardiac Disease) 442 Heart Failure 442.1
Cardiogenic Shock 443 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation 443.1 Pediatric Heart
Transplantation 443.2 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation Section 8. Diseases of the
Peripheral Vascular System 444 Disease of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)
444.1 Kawasaki Disease (see also Ch 165) 444.2 Arteriovenous Fistulas 445 Systemic
Hypertension
Part XX: Disease of the Blood
Section 1. The Hematopoietic System 446 Development of the Hematopoietic System 447
The Anemias Section 2. Anemias of Inadequate Production 448 Congenital Hypoplastic
Anemia (Diamond-Blackfan Anemia ) 449 Pearson Marrow-Pancreas Syndrome 450 Acquired
Pure Red Blood Cell Anemias 451 Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) and Renal Disease
451.1 Anemia of Chronic Disease 451.2 Anemia of Renal Disease 452 Congenital
Dyserythropoietic Anemias (CDA) 453 Physiologic Anemia of Infancy 454 Megaloblastic
Anemias 454.1 Folic Acid Deficiency 454.2 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency 454.3 Other
Rare Megaloblastic Anemias 455 Iron-Deficiency Anemia 456 Other Microcytic Anemias
Section 3. Hemolytic Anemias 457 Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias 458
Hereditary Spherocytosis 459 Hereditary Elliptocytosis 460 Hereditary Stomatocytosis 461
Other Membrane Defects 462 Hemoglobinopathies 462.1 Sickle Cell Disease 462.2 Sickle
Cell Trait (Hemoglobin AS) 462.3 Other Hemoglobinopathies 462.4 Unstable Hemoglobin
Disorders 462.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen Affinity 462.6 Abnormal
Hemoglobins Causing Cyanosis 462.7 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia 462.8 Syndromes of
Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) 462.9 Thalassemia Syndromes 463
Enzymatic Defects 463.1 Pyruvate Kinase (PK) Deficiency 463.2 Other Glycolytic Enzyme
Deficiencies 463.3 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) and Related Deficiencies
464 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors 465 Hemolytic Anemias
Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors Section 4. Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) 466
Primary Polycythemia (Polycythemia Rubra Vara) 467 Secondary Polycythemia Section 5.
The Pancytopenias 468 The Constitutional Pancytopenias 469 The Acquired Pancytopenias
Section 6. Risks of Blood Component Transfusions 470 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and
Erythropoietin Therapy 471 Platelet Transfusions 472 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions
473 Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusions 474 Risks of Blood Transfusions Section 7.
Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases 475 Hemostasis 475.1 The Clinical and Laboratory
Evaluation of Hemostasis 476 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)
476.1 Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia A or B) 476.2 Factor IX Deficiency
(Hemophilia C) 476.3 Deficiencies of the Contact Factors (Non-bleeding Disorders) 476.4
Factor VII Deficiency 476.5 Factor X Deficiency 476.6 Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency
476.7 Factor V Deficiency 476.8 Combined Deficiency of Factors V and VIII 476.9 Fibrinogen
Deficiency 476.10 Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or Transglutaminase
Deficiency) 476.11 Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI) Deficiency 477 von
Willebrand Disease 478 Hereditary Predisposition to Thrombosis 479 Acquired Thrombotic
Disorders 480 Post-Neonatal Vitamin K Deficiency 481 Liver Disease 482 Acquired Inhibitors
of Coagulation 483 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 484 Platelet and Blood Vessel
Disorders 484.1 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) 484.2 Drug-Induced
Thrombocytopenia 484.3 Nonimmune Platelet Destruction 484.4 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
(HUS) 484.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) 484.6 Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
484.7 Sequestration 484.8 Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes 484.9 Neonatal
Thrombocytopenia 484.10 Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Disorders Causing Decreased
Production 484.11 Platelet Function Disorders 484.12 Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
484.13 Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function 484.14 Disorders of the Blood Vessels
Section 8. The Spleen 485 Anatomy and Function of the Spleen 486 Splenomegaly 487
Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, and Splenectomy Section 9. The Lymphatic System 488
Anatomy and Function of the Lymphatic System 489 Abnormalities of Lymphatic vessels 490
Lymphadenopathy
Part XXI: Cancer and Benign Tumors
491 Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer 492 Molecular and Cellular Biology of
Cancer 493 Principles of Diagnosis 494 Principles of Treatment 495 The Leukemias 495.1
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 495.2 Acute Myelogenous Leukemia 495.3 Down Syndrome
and Acute Leukemia and Myeloproliferation 495.4 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia 495.5
Juvenile Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia 495.6 Infant Leukemia 496 Lymphoma 496.1
Hodgkins Disease 496.2 Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) 497 Brain Tumors in Childhood
498 Neuroblastoma 499 Neoplasms of the Kidney 500 Soft Tissue Sarcomas 501 Neoplasms
of Bone 501.1 Malignant Tumors of Bone 501.2 Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of
Bone 502 Retinoblastoma 503 Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplasms 504 Neoplasms of the
Liver 505 Benign Vascular Tumors 505.1 Hemangiomas 505.2 Lymphangiomas and Cystic
Hygromas 506 Rare Tumors 506.1 Thyroid Tumors 506.2 Melanoma 506.3 Nasopharyngeal
Carcinoma 506.4 Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum 506.5 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
506.6 Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor 507 Histiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood
507.1 Class I Histiocytoses 507.2 Class II Histiocytoses: Hemophagocytic
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) 507.3 Class III Histiocytoses
Part XXII: Nephrology
Section 1. Glomerular Disease 508 Introduction to Glomerular Diseases 508.1 Anatomy of the
Glomerulus 508.2 Glomerular Filtration 508.3 Glomerular Diseases Section 2. Conditions
Particularly Associated with Hematuria 509 Clinical Evaluation of the Child with Hematuria
510 Isolated Glomerular Disease with Recurrent Gross Hematuria 510.1 IgA Nephropathy
(Berger Nephropathy) 510.2 Alport Syndrome 510.3 Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane
Disease 511 Glomerulonephritis Associated with Infections 511.1 Acute Poststreptococcal
Glomerulonephritis 511.2 Other Chronic Infections 512 Membranous Glomerulopathy
(Glomerulonephritis) 513 Membranoproliferative (Mesangiocapillary) Glomerulonephritis 514
Glomerulonephritis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 515 Henoch-Schonlein
Purpura Nephritis 516 Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis 517 Goodpasture
Disease 518 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome 519 Upper Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria
519.1 Interstitial Nephritis 519.2 Toxic Nephropathy 519.3 Cortical Necrosis 519.4
Pyelonephritis 519.5 Nephrocalcinosis 519.6 Vascular Abnormalities 519.7 Renal Vein
Thrombosis 519.8 Idiopathic Hypercalciuria 520 Hematologic Diseases Causing Hematuria
520.1 Sickle Cell Nephropathy 520.2 Coagulopathies and Thrombocytopenia 521 Anatomic
Abnormalities Associated with Hematuria 521.1 Congenital Anomalies 521.2 Autosomal
Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease 521.3 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
521.4 Trauma 521.5 Renal Tumors 522 Lower Urinary Tract Causes of Hematuria 522.1
Infectious Causes of Cystitis and Urethritis 522.2 Hemorrhagic Cystitis 522.3 Heavy Exercise
522.4 Munchhausen by Proxy Section 3. Conditions Particularly Associated with Proteinuria
523 Introduction to the Child with Proteinuria 524 Transient Proteinuria 525 Orthostatic
(Postural) Proteinuria 526 Fixed Proteinuria 526.1 Glomerular Proteinuria 526.2 Tubular
Proteinuria 527 Nephrotic Syndrome 527.1 Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome 587.2 Secondary
Nephrotic Syndrome 527.3 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Section 4. Tubular Disorders 528
Tubular Function 529 Renal Tubular Acidosis 529.1 Proximal (Type II) Renal Tubular Acidosis
529.2 Distal (Type I) Renal Tubular Acidosis 529.3 Hyperkalemic (Type IV) Renal Tubular
Acidosis 529.4 Rickets Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis 530 Nephrogenic Diabetes
Insipidus 531 Bartter/Gitelman Syndromes and Other Inherited Tubular Transport
Abnormalities 531.1 Bartter Syndrome 531.2 Gitelman Syndrome 531.3 Other Inherited
Tubular Transport Abnormalities 532 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Section 5. Toxic
Nephropathies: Renal Failure 533 Toxic Nephropathy 534 Cortical Necrosis 535 Renal Failure
(Chap Head only; not chapter) 535.1 Acute Renal Failure 535.2 Chronic Kidney Disease
535.3 End-Stage Renal Disease 536 Renal Transplantation
Part XXIII: Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children
537 Congenital Anomalies and Dysgenesis of the Kidneys 538 Urinary Tract Infections 539
Vesicoureteral Reflux 540 Obstruction of the Urinary Tract 541 Anomalies of the Bladder 542
Neuropathic Bladder 543 Voiding Dysfunction 544 Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra 545
Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal Contents 546 Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract 547
Urinary Lithiasis
Part XXIV: Gynecologic Problems of Childhood
548 History and Physical Examination 549 Vulvovaginitis 550 Bleeding 551 Breast Disorders
552 Hirsutism 553 Neoplasms 554 Vulvovaginal and Mllerian Anomalies 555 Special
Gynecologic Needs 556 Gynecologic Imaging
Part XXV: The Endocrine System
Section 1. Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 557 Hormones of the
Hypothalamus and Pituitary 558 Hypopituitarism 559 Diabetes Insipidus 559.1 Causes of
Hypernatremia 560 Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action 561
Hyperpituitarism 562 Physiology of Puberty 563 Disorders of Pubertal Development 563.1
Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty 563.2 Precocious Puberty Resulting from
Organic Brain Lesions 563.3 Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the Brain 563.4
Syndrome of Precocious Puberty and Hypothyroidism 563.5 Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors
563.6 McCune-Albright Syndrome (Precocious Puberty with Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia
and Abnormal Pigmentation) 563.7 Familial Male Gonadotropin-Independent Precocious
Puberty 563.8 Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Development 563.9 Medicational Precocity
Section 2. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 564 Thyroid Development and Physiology 564.1
Thyroid Hormone Studies 565 Defects of Thyroxine-Binding Globulin 566 Hypothyroidism 567
Thyroiditis 568 Goiter 568.1 Congenital Goiter 568.2 Endemic Goiter and Cretinism 568.3
Acquired Goiter 568.4 Intratracheal Goiter 569 Hyperthyroidism 569.1 Graves Disease 569.2
Congenital Hyperthyroidism 570 Carcinoma of the Thyroid 570.1 Solitary Thyroid Nodule
570.2 Medullary Carcinoma Section 3. Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands 571 Hormones
and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism 572 Hypoparathyroidism 573
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy 574 Hyperparathyroidism
Section 4 Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 575 The Physiology of the Adrenal Gland 575.1
Histology and Embryology 575.2 Adrenal Steroid Biosynthesis 575.3 Regulation of the
Adrenal Cortex 575.4 Adrenal Steroid Hormone Actions 575.5 Adrenal Medulla 576
Adrenocortical Insufficiency 576.1 Primary Adrenal Insufficiency 576.2 Secondary Adrenal
Insufficiency 577 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Related Disorders 577.1 Congenital
Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency 577.2 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
due to 11-Hydroxylase Deficiency 577.3 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 3Hydroxysteriod Dehydrogenase Deficiency 577.4 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 17Hydroxylase Deficiency 577.5 Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia 577.6 Deficiency of P5450
oxioreductase (Antley-Bixler Syndrome) 577.7 Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency 577.8
Glucocorticoid-Suppressible Hyperaldosteronism 578 Cushing Syndrome 579 Primary
Aldosteronism 580 Adrenal Tumors 580.1 Virilizing Adrenocortical Tumors 580.2 Feminizing
Adrenal Tumors 581 Pheochromocytoma 582 Adrenal Masses 582.1 Adrenal Incidentaloma
582.2 Adrenal Calcification Section 5. Disorders of the Gonads 583 Development and
Function of the Gonads 584 Hypofunction of the Testes 584.1 Hypergonadotropic
Hypogonadism in the Male (Primary Hypogonadism) 584.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
in the Male (Secondary Hypogonadism) 585 Pseudoprecocity Resulting from Tumors of the
Testes 586 Gynecomastia 587 Hypofunction of the Ovaries 587.1 Hypergonadotropic
Hypogonadism in the Female (Primary Hypogonadism) 587.2 Hypogonadotropic
Hypogonadism in the Female (Secondary Hypogonadism) 588 Pseudoprecocity Due to
Lesions of the Ovary 589 Disorders of Sex Development (Intersex) 589.1 46,XX DSD 589.2
46,XY DSD 589.3 Ovotesticular DSD Section 6. Diabetes Mellitus In Children 590 Diabetes
Mellitus 590.1 Introduction and Classification 590.2 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Immune
Mediated) 590.3 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) 590.4 Other Specific Types of Diabetes
Part XXVI: Neurology
591 Neurologic Evaluation 592 Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System 592.1
Neural Tube Defects (Dysraphism) 592.2 Spina Bifida Occulta 592.3 Meningocele 592.4
Myelomeningocele 592.5 Encephalocele 592.6 Anencephaly 592.7 Disorders of Neuronal
Migration 592.8 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum 592.9 Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves
592.10 Microcephaly 592.11 Hydrocephalus 592.12 Craniosynostosis 593 Seizures in
Childhood 593.1 Febrile Seizures 593.2 Unprovoked Seizures 593.3 Partial Seizures 593.4
Generalized Seizures 593.5 Mechanisms of Seizures 593.6 Treatment of Epilepsy 593.7
Neonatal Seizures 593.8 Status Epilepticus 594 Conditions that Mimic Seizures 595
Headaches 595.1 Migraine 595.2 Organic Headaches 595.3 Tension or Stress Headaches
596 Neurocutaneous Syndromes 596.1 Neurofibromatosis 596.2 Tuberous Sclerosis 596.3
Sturge-Weber Syndrome 596.4 Von Hippel-Lindau Disease 596.5 Linear Nevus Syndrome
596.6 PHACE Syndrome 597 Movement Disorders 597.1 Ataxias 597.2 Chorea, Athetosis,
Tremor 597.3 Dystonia 597.4 Tics 598 Encephalopathies 598.1 Cerebral Palsy 598.2
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies 598.3 Other Encephalopathies 599 Neurodegenerative
Disorders of Childhood 599.1 Sphingolipidoses 599.2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses 599.3
Adrenoleukodystrophy 599.4 Sialidosis 599.5 Miscellaneous Disorders 600 Demyelinating
Disorders of the CNS 600.1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 600.2 Acute Disseminated
Encephalomyelitis 601 Acute Stroke Syndromes 601.1 Arterial Thrombosis/Embolism 601.2
Venous Thrombosis 601.3 Intracranial Hemorrhage 601.4 Differential Diagnosis of Stroke-Like
Events 602 Central Nervous System Infections 602.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the
Neonatal Period 602.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis 602.3 Eosinophilic Meningitis 603 Brain
Abscess 604 Pseudotumor Cerebri 605 Spinal Cord Disorders 605.1 Tethered Cord 605.2
Diastematomyelia (Split Spinal Cord Malformation) 605.3 Syringomyelia 605.4 Spinal Cord
Tumors 605.5 Spinal Cord Trauma 605.6 Transverse Myelitis 605.7 Arteriovenous
Malformation
Part XXVII: Neuromuscular Disorders
606 Evaluation and Investigation 607 Developmental Disorders of Muscle 607.1 Myotubular
Myopathy 607.2 Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion (CMFTD) 607.3 Nemaline Rod
Myopathy 607.4 Central Core Disease and Minicore Myopathy 607.5 Myofibrillar Myopathies
607.6 Brain Malformations and Muscle Development 607.7 Amyoplasia 607.8 Muscular
Dysgenesis (Proteus Syndrome Myopathy) 607.9 Benign Congenital Hypotonia 607.1`0
Arthrogryposis 608 Muscular Dystrophies 608.1 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies
608.2 Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy 608.3 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy 608.4 LimbGirdle Muscular Dystrophy 608.5 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy 608.6 Congenital
Muscular Dystrophy 609 Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies 610 Metabolic Myopathies 610.1
Periodic Paralyses (Potassium-Related) 610.2 Malignant Hyperthermia 610.3 Glycogenoses
610.4 Mitochondrial Myopathies 610.5 Lipid Myopathies 610.6 Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy
611 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons) 611.1 Myasthenia
Gravis 611.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies 611.3 Other Motor Neuron Disorders 612 Hereditary
Motor-Sensory Neuropathi 612.1 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease,
HMSN Type I) 612.2 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy (Axonal Type) 612.3 Djerine-Sottas Disease
(HMSN Type III) 612.4 Roussy-Lvy Syndrome 612.5 Refsum Disease 612.6 Fabry Disease
612.7 Giant Axonal Neuropathy 612.8 Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy 612.9
Tomaculous Neuropathy 612.10 Leukodystrophies 613 Toxic Neuropathies 614 Autonomic
Neuropathies 614.1 Familial Dysautonomia 614.2 Other Autonomic Neuropathies 615
Guillain-Barr Syndrome 616 Bell Palsy
Part XXVIII: Disorders of the Eye
617 Growth and Development 618 Examination of the Eye 619 Abnormalities of Refraction
and Accommodation 620 Disorders of Vision 621 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris 622
Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment 623 Abnormalities of the Lids 624 Disorders of the
Lacrimal System 625 Disorders of the Conjunctiva 626 Abnormalities of the Cornea 627
Abnormalities of the Lens 628 Disorders of the Uveal Tract 629 Disorders of the Retina and
Vitreous 630 Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve 631 Childhood Glaucoma 632 Orbital
Abnormalities 633 Orbital Infections 633.1 Orbital Cellulitis 633.2 Dacroadenitis and
Dacrocystadenitis 634 Injuries to the Eye
Part XXIX: The Ear
635 The Ear 636 Hearing Loss 637 Congenital Malformations 638 External Otitis (Otitis
Externa) 639 Otitis Media 640 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth 641
Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone 642 Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone
Part XXX: The Skin
643 Morphology of the Skin 644 Evaluation of the Patient 644.1 Cutaneous Manifestations of
Systemic Diseases 645 Principles of Therapy 646 Diseases of the Neonate 647 Cutaneous
Defects 648 Ectodermal Dysplasias 649 Vascular Disorders 650 Cutaneous Nevi 651
Hyperpigmented Lesions 652 Hypopigmented Lesions 653 Vesiculobullous Disorders 654
Eczematous Disorders 655 Photosensitivity 656 Diseases of the Epidermis 657 Disorders of
Keratinization 658 Diseases of the Dermis 659 Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue 660
Disorders of the Sweat Glands 661 Disorders of Hair 662 Disorders of the Nails 663
Disorders of the Mucous Membranes 664 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections 665 Cutaneous
Fungal Infections 666 Cutaneous Viral Infections 667 Arthropod Bites and Infestations 668
Acne 669 Tumors of the Skin 670 Nutritional Dermatoses
Part XXXI: Bone and Joint Disorders
Section 1. Orthopaedic Problems 671 Growth and Development 672 Evaluation of the Child
673 The Foot and Toes 673.1 Metatarsus Adductus 673.2 Calcaneovalgus Feet 673.3 Talipes
Equinovarus (Clubfoot) 673.4 Congenital Vertical Talus 673.5 Hypermobile Pes Planus
(Flexible Flatfeet) 673.6 Tarsal Coalition 673.7 Cavus Feet 673.8 Osteochondroses 673.9
Puncture Wounds of the Foot 673.10 Toe Deformities 673.11 Painful Foot 673.12 Shoes 674
Torsional and Angular Deformities 674.1 Normal Developmental of Limb 674.2 Evaluation
674.3 Torsional Deformities 674.4 Coronal Plane Deformities 674.5 Congenital Angular
Deformities of the Tibia and Fibula 675 Leg Length Discrepancy 676 The Knee 676.1 Discoid
Lateral Meniscus 676.2 Popliteal Cyst 676.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans 676.4 OsgoodSchlatter Disease 676.5 Idiopathic Adolescent Anterior Knee Pain Syndrome 676.6 Patellar
Subluxation and Dislocation 677 The Hip 677.1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 677.2
Transient Monoarticularsynovitis (Toxic Synovitis) 677.3 Legg-Calv-Perthes Disease 677.4
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 678 The Spine 678.1 Idiopathic Scoliosis 678.2 Congenital
Scoliosis 678.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Genetic Syndromes, and Compensatory Scoliosis
678.4 Kyphosis 678.5 Back Pain in Children 678.6 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 678.7
Disk Space Infection 678.8 Intervertebral Disk Herniation/Slipped Vertebral Apophysis 678.9
Tumors 679 The Neck 679.1 Torticollis 679.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome 679.3 Cervical Anomalies
and Instabilities 680 The Upper Limb 681 Arthrogryposis 682 Common Fractures 682.1
Unique Characteristics of Pediatric Fractures 682.2 Pediatric Fracture Patterns 682.3 Upper
Extremity Fractures 682.4 Fractures of Lower Extremity 682.5 Operative Treatment 682.6
Complications of Fractures in Children 682.7 Outcomes Assessment 683 Osteomyelitis (new
title) 684 Supperative Arthritis (Septic Arthritis) Section 2. Sports Medicine 685 Epidemiology
and Prevention 686 Management of Musculoskeletal Injury 686.1 Growth Plate Injuries 686.2
Shoulder Injuries 686.3 Elbow Injuries 686.4 Low Back Injuries 686.5 Hip and Pelvis Injuries
686.6 Knee Injuries 686.7 Lower Leg Pain: Shin Splints and Stress Fractures and Chronic
Compartment Syndrome 686.8 Ankle Injuries 686.9 Foot Injuries 687 Head and Neck Injuries
688 Heat Injuries 689 Female Athletes: Menstrual Problems and Risk for Osteopenia 690
Ergogenic Aids 691 Specific Sports and Associated Injuries Section 3. The Skeletal
Dysplasias 692 General Considerations 693 Disorders of Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins
694 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors 695 Disorders Involving Ion Transporter
696 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors 697 Disorders Involving Defective Bone
Resorption 698 Disorders for Which Defects Are Poorly Understood or Unknown 699
Osteogenesis Imperfecta 700 Marfan Syndrome Section 4. Metabolic Bone Disease 701
Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation 702 Primary Chondrodystrophy
(Metaphyseal Dysplasia) 703 Hypophosphatasia 704 Hyperphosphatasia 705 Osteoporosis
Part XXXII: Environmental Health Hazards
706 Biologic Effects of Radiation on Children 707 Chemical Pollutants 708 Heavy Metal
Poisoning 709 Lead Poisoning 710 Nonbacterial Food Poisoning 710.1 Mushroom Poisoning
710.2 Solanine Poisoning 710.3 Seafood Poisoning 711 Biologic and Chemical Terrorism 712
Animal and Human Bites 712.1 Rat-Bite Fever 712.2 Monkeypox 713 Envenomations
PART XXXIII: Laboratory Medicine
714 Laboratory Testing in Infants and Children 715 Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests
and Procedures 716 Medications