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Chapter 1
1.1.1 Momentum [ST] Answers
1)a) 5.4 x 107 kg m s-1 b) 4750 kg m s-1
2)a) If the batsman only changed the balls direction very slightly, this is a smaller momentum change than
in the worked example, so less force would be needed.
b) If the ball is returned back in the direction of the bowler, this would be a greater momentum change than
in the worked example, so more force would be needed.
3) 6600 N
4) a)1025 N s
b) The airbag takes a longer time to remove the passengers momentum. This means that it applies less
force to the passenger, reducing injury.
5) a) Mass = 1.15 kg
1
b) p = 5.50 or 5.74 kg m s /N s
c) F = 458 or 478 N depending on p above]
d) Handle mass/weight/ head weight/force exerted by user (handle) neglected
e) t goes up/p goes up less force, less effective/more force, more effective
Chapter 2
d) Acceleration is in the opposite direction because the protons charge is the opposite sign to an electron;
and the acceleration is less as the proton mass is greater than an electrons.
q E / e le c t r ic f o r c e
m g / g r a v ita t io n a l f o r c e / w e ig h t
Chapter 3
3.1.1 A nuclear atom [ST] Answers
2 If two easily detected particles collide in a manner that appears to break conservation of momentum, then
a third as yet undetected particle could be inferred as having carried the 'missing' momentum.
3 The intended searches may produce a variety of particles with very different masses and energies. This
means that detectors with different sizes and sensitivities are needed, to monitor the very different path
curvature and absorptions of the various particles produced.
4 Students' own answers
Chapter 4
4.1.1 Heat and temperature [ST] Answers
1) = E/mc [two line maths]
Putting in more energy must raise the temperature; more mass will mean that the energy is shared more
thinly so the temperature rise is less; a greater specific heat capacity means that by definition a lower
temperature rise occurs for a certain energy addition.
2) 18.9 seconds assuming no heat loss to surroundings.
3) 2550 J kg-1 K-1
4) 525 m s-1
5) answers in the range 500 2000 m s-1
6) 27 C
7) total energy in a system
Chapter 5
5.1.1 Nuclear radiation [ST] Answers
1) : 2p2n; +2 charge; large mass; highly ionizing; low penetration; absorbed by paper, skin or a few cm of
air; little hazard outside the body; extremely hazardous inside body;
: single electron; -1 charge; tiny mass; moderately ionizing; moderate penetration; absorbed by several
metres of air, or a few mm of aluminium; moderate hazard inside and outside the body
: high frequency e-m photon; no charge; no mass; low ionization; highly penetrating; energy significantly
reduced by several metres of concrete, or a few cm of lead; little hazard inside or outside body, prolonged
exposure can increase cancer risk.
2) 0.46 Bq
3) particles stopped by a layer of dead skin cells outside the body. After handling, the emitter could be
ingested from the fingers.
4) The granite bedrock emits significant amounts of radon gas which is an alpha emitter which could be
breathed in.
5) Students own answers, including background count check and corrected count with various absorbers.
Chapter 6
6.1.1 Simple harmonic motion [ST] Answers
1)a) equilibrium, mg balanced with kx; above eqm, mg + air resistance > k(x-d); below eqm, mg < air
resistance + k(x+d).
NB the direction of air resistance depends on the exact moment chosen
b) air resistance is variable
2)a) 4.2 s
b) 1.5 rad s-1
c) keep still; take measurements over a large number of swings
-1
3) 4.4 rad s
4)a)c)d) as per fig 6.1.5
e)f)g) as per fig 6.1.7
b) as per fig 6.1.5 acceleration graph
5)a) repeating isochronous oscillations caused by a restoring force which is proportional to the displacement.
b) 0.99 m
c)d)e) [need to see final aw]
Chapter 7
7.1.1 From apples to galaxies [ST] Answers
1) The gravitational field strength of Earth is 9.81 N kg-1 at its surface.
2) 6.0 x 10-68 N
3) 2.0 x 1020 N
4) 1.5 x 1011 m
By MissCutielicious