1

1.

QUESTION 1

How did most of those immigrating to the United States travel by

1900?
a.

In steamboats.

b.

In sailing vessels.

c.

Via the Panama Canal.

d.

In specially constructed barges.

QUESTION 2

1.

1.

James P. Morgan dominated what American industry?

a.

Iron and steel.

b.

Petroleum and mineral development.

c.

Railroads and mining.

d.

Banking and finance.

QUESTION 3

What was the only enterprise in America that could be called big
business before the Civil War?
a.

Railroads.

b.

Steamboat manufacturing.

c.

Iron and steel.

d.

Textiles.

QUESTION 4

1.

1.

Western mining camps brought together all of the following

groups, except
a.

Chinese.

b.

Africans.

c.

Mexicans.

d.

Australians.

QUESTION 5

Andrew Carnegie, America's most successful businessman late in the

nineteenth century, migrated to America from what country?
a.

Scotland.

b.

Ireland.

c.

Wales.

d.

England.

QUESTION 6

1.

What groups formed the backbone of the new segment of society

known as middle class?

2
a. Middle-management employees of corporations.
b. Persons who owned their own businesses.
c. Professionals such as attorneys and medical doctors.
d. Employees whose income was not based on weekly wages.

1.

QUESTION 7

The economic history of the United States late in the nineteenth

century was
a. Sandwiched between financial panics in 1873 and 1893.
b. Characterized by an unbroken recorded of national prosperity.
c. A roller coaster of peaks and valleys every year.
d. Mildly cyclical.

QUESTION 8

1.

Where did the majority of immigrants find new homes in America?

a. Eastern cities near factories.
b. Western ranches because work there required little experience.
c. Northern maritime states because so many were experienced seamen.
d. Southern and western farms where land was inexpensive.

1.

QUESTION 9

What precipitated the massive immigration of European Jews to

America?
a. An edict of condemnation from Pope Pius XII.
b. Anti-Jewish pogroms in Russia following the assassination of Czar Alexander II.
c. Resurgence of anti-Semitism in Germany.
d. A battlefield loss in France blamed on an officer who was Jewish.

QUESTION 10

1.

Industrial workers could count on all of the following except

a. A lifetime of hard work and no retirement funds.
b. Almost

no workmen's compensation if they were injured on the job.

c. The need for their children to go to work to help support the family.
d. Their labor union being respected and protecting their jobs.

1.

QUESTION 11

What motivated most nineteenth-century immigrants to leave their

homes?
a. Social and economic change at home.
b. Racial discrimination at home.
c. Religious persecution in the United States.
d. The search for better jobs than the ones they held at home.

1.

QUESTION 12

The term vertical integration means

a. Prohibiting foreign competition from lowering prices.
b. Friendly governments policing labor disputes.
c. Affirmative action in employment policies.
d. Controlling as many aspects of business as possible.

QUESTION 13

1.

When did the modern downtown for shopping and business offices
develop in cities?
a. In the medieval period of Europe, and then was transferred to America in colonial times.
b. By 1900, after the development of American industrialization.
c. Early in the twentieth century.
d. In the middle of the nineteenth century.

1.

QUESTION 14

What enabled Americans to learn of important events in Europe within

24 hours or less?
a. Satellite communication.
b. Short-wave radio transmission.
c. The transoceanic cable laid in 1866.
d. Development of aircraft capable of crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

QUESTION 15

1.

Most American millionaires at the turn of the twentieth century

a. Came from southern Europe and were Catholics.
b. Were Germanic and believed in the Gospel of Wealth.
c. Were Jews who got ahead because they could work on Sunday.
d. Traced their ancestry to England and were Protestant.

1.

QUESTION 16

Why did companies like the Pennsylvania Railroad borrow disciplinary

methods from the military?
a
.
b
.
c
.
d
.

They feared that they could not otherwise keep control of black workers.
The costs of lax discipline were far more severe with a railroad corporation than most
other businesses.
They had to fulfill military orders during the Civil War.
Most of their employees were veterans.
1 points

QUESTION 17

1.

What is a trust?

4
a
.
b
.
c
.
d
.

1.

A government-operated business, such as water or sewer provision for a community.

One company owning other companies.
A business device by which different producers agree to operate as a single company to
control competition.
One company controlling an industry.

QUESTION 18

In the course of his career, Andrew Carnegie mastered all of the

following industries except
a.

The steel business.

b.

The telegraph business.

c.

The retail business.

d.

The oil business.

QUESTION 19

1.

Who primarily filled the jobs in new factories erected in the second half
of the nineteenth century?
a. Migrants from farms and small towns.
b. Former slaves who moved north to escape segregation.
c. Journeymen laborers who traveled from town to town.
d. Craftsmen who shunned the responsibilities of operating their own small shops.

1.

QUESTION 20

Who published an expose of slums and other urban problems

titled How the Other Half Lives in 1890?
a.

Ray Stannard Baker.

b.

Ida Tarbell.

c.

Jacob Riis.

d.

Samuel L. Clemens, a.k.a. Mark Twain.

QUESTION 21

1.

1.

The earliest immigrants to the United States mostly came from where?
a.

The most primitive nations.

b.

The most distressed nations.

c.

The most oppressed nations.

d.

The most developed nations.

QUESTION 22

Who established the elaborate bookkeeping system that allowed big

businesses to keep track of every aspect of business operations?
a.

Thomas Scott.

b.

Andrew Carnegie.

1.

c.

J. Edgar Thompson.

d.

John David Rockefeller.

QUESTION 23

Between 1850 and 1890, the wealth owned by the 4,000 richest
families
a.

Declined by 20 percent.

b.

Quadrupled.

c.

Tripled.

d.

Stagnated.

QUESTION 24

1.

1.

All of the following were part of a new legion of white-collar workers at

the turn of the century except
a.

Government employees.

b.

Maids.

c.

Clerks.

d.

Cashiers.

QUESTION 25

What was the destination of most international migrants in the

nineteenth century?
a.

United Kingdom.

b.

United Emigrants.

c.

United States.

d.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

QUESTION 26

1.

1.

What business device did John D. Rockefeller employ to control the

petroleum industry from production through refining and marketing?
a.

Proprietorships.

b.

Intertwined directorships.

c.

Trusts.

d.

Partnerships.

QUESTION 27

From where did most immigrants to the United States come after the
1880s?
a.

Northern and Southern Europe.

b.

Western and Northern Europe.

c.

Southern and Eastern Europe.

d.

Western and Eastern Europe.

1.

QUESTION 28

Where did Andrew Carnegie first work after his family immigrated to
the United States?
a.

In a textile mill.

b.

In a steel factory.

c.

On a railroad.

d.

In a coalmine.
1 points

QUESTION 29

1.

1.

In 1877, immigrant arrivals to the United States moved from an

average of 200,000 between 1865 and 1873 to
a.

60,000.

b.

200,000.

c.

500,000.

d.

1 million.

QUESTION 30

What background characterized most of America's leading

businessmen?
a. They had to
overcome prejudice
against Jews.
b. They worked their
way up from entrylevel jobs.
c. They had a stronger
work ethic than
immigrants.
d. The majority were
native born and
relatively educated.

QUESTION 31

1.

Wealthier Americans tended to

a Be spectators rather than participants.
.
b Embrace athletic activity for its own sake instead of monetary
. reward.
c. Compete in sports with as much ruthlessness as they did in
business.
d Avoid contact sports.
.

1.

QUESTION 32

Why were women destined to be wives and

mothers within the home in the Victorian Era?
a Women were considered insufficiently intelligent to comprehend

7
. the business world.
b Women were thought too frail to engage in business and
. enterprise.
c Women were not dependable.
.
d Women lacked physical strength and endurance.
.

1.

QUESTION 33

How did Anthony Comstock characterize American

cities?
a Cities were cesspools of vice and corruption.
.
b Society advanced when a special class had the leisure for
. contemplation and planning.
c America's future lay in westward expansion.
.
d Civilization flourished only in free cities.
.

QUESTION 34

1.

For urban populations in the late nineteenth

century, sport
a. Was crucial for maintaining their health.
b. Became something to watch rather than just something do.
c. Was a luxury they could ill afford.
d. Was the only plausible avenue toward fame and wealth.

1.

QUESTION 35

The first Ferris wheel appeared in what venue that

celebrated international recreation and entertainment
during its era?
a.

World's Fair in St. Louis in 1900.

b.

Hemisfair '68, in San Antonio.

c.

Philadelphia World's Fair in 1876.

d. Chicago Exposition in 1893.

QUESTION 36

1.

How did urban development contribute to a

loosening of morals in the United States?
a Cities had large churches but few people attended.
.
b Corrupt people gathered in cities to prey on innocent country
. people.
c Young workers were freed from the constraints of parents and
. small-town life.
d People in cities rarely knew their neighbors and lacked a sense of
. community responsibility.

1.

QUESTION 37

Why were boys reared on stories of heroes who

8
overcame their fears during the Victorian Era?
a To prepare them for the competitive worlds of business and
. politics.
b To help young men develop bravery and courage.
.
c. To keep them from becoming effeminate.
d To discourage homosexuality.
.

QUESTION 38

1.

1.

What were the first two sports that became

spectator activities featuring professionals?
a.

Baseball and football.

b.

Basketball and football.

c.

Football and prizefighting.

d.

Prizefighting and baseball.

QUESTION 39

What was the first professional baseball team?

a.

Cincinnati Red Stockings.

b.

Youngstown Rubber Makers.

c.

New York Yankees.

d.

Brooklyn Dodgers.

QUESTION 40

1.

How is the Victorian Era usually characterized?

a. As an age of sexual repression and conservatism.
b. As a period of secrecy in domestic relations.
c. As a time of turmoil in traditional family values.
d. As an era of loose morals and liberation of individual behavior.

1.

QUESTION 41

How was masculinity defined in the Victorian Era?

a As proficiency in various sports.

.
b As the ability to maintain a monogamous relationship
. successfully.
c. As the promiscuous indulgence of one's sexual

desires.
d As the ability to leave home and compete in the capitalist
. marketplace.

QUESTION 42

1.

What was the goal of the New York Society for the
Suppression of Vice?
a To challenge the domination of the Irish in the Roman Catholic
. hierarchy in America.

9
b To break up immigrant ghettos where vice flourished.
.
c To prosecute participants in organized crime.
.
d To prevent the publication or patronization of pornography.
.

QUESTION 43

1.

1.

What was decidedly not part of vaudeville theater

at the turn of the century?
a.

Nostalgia.

b.

Family audiences.

c.

Singing.

d.

Comedy.

QUESTION 44

How did baseball stadia reflect social divisions in

American life?
a Wealthy patrons sat in box seats and working-class patrons sat in
. bleachers.
b Indians were not permitted to attend until the Indian athlete Jim
. Thorpe refused to play where they were denied admission.
c White and African American patrons occupied segregated
. sections.
d The New York Yankees usually won more games because their
. owner paid the highest salaries to obtain the best players.

QUESTION 45

1.

What was the most significant form of public

entertainment in America throughout the nineteenth
century?
a. Tableaux with live actors.
b. The circus, founded in Baltimore by P. T. Barnum.
c. Minstrel shows.
d. Plays by Sir Francis Bacon.

1.

QUESTION 46

What was original intent of the Comstock Law?

a. To ban the production, distribution, or public display of

obscenity.
b To establish methods for enforcing federal mining law.
.
c. To bring order to lawless mining camps in the West.
d To require inspection of prepared foods and pharmaceuticals.
.

QUESTION 47

1.

What group worked hard to outlaw contraceptives?

a. Log Cabin Republicans.

10
b. American Medical Association.
c. Organization of Roman Catholic Clergy in the United States.
d. Planned Parenthood of America.

QUESTION 48

1.

The sport of baseball

a Was burdened with corruption and manipulations from the
. beginning.
b Relied heavily on the vibrant personalities of its players.
.
c. Idealized the principle of success based purely on merit.
d Recruited its players from wealthy rural elites prior to World War
. I.

1.

QUESTION 49

Minstrel shows were succeeded by a form of

entertainment known as vaudeville, which was
essentially
a. A realistic presentation of urban life.
b. A continuous variety show.
c. A situation comedy with recognizable characters.
d. An exploitation of the urban appetite for sexuality.

QUESTION 50

1.

1.

Who was the most famous African American

minstrel?
a.

Sammy Davis Sr.

b.

Louis Armstrong.

c.

Al Jolson.

d.

Billy Kersands.

QUESTION 51

When Josiah Strong spoke of pure Christianity,

he referred to
a. Roman Catholicism.
b. Protestantism.
c.

Jehovah's Witnesses.

d. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

QUESTION 52

1.

What did Strong and others of like mind think was

the greatest threat to America?
a. Fifth-columnists.
b. Terrorists.

11
c. Long-haired men and short-haired women.
d. Immigrants.

QUESTION 53

1.

What was the primary purpose of world's fairs and

similar exhibitions late in the nineteenth century and
early in the twentieth century?
a To celebrate the global economy, industrial enterprise, and
. urban life.
b To promote international tourism.
.
c. To increase international understanding.
d To demonstrate national superiority in technology.
.

1.

QUESTION 54

Where were vaudeville performances staged in

major cities?
a
.

In traditional theaters abandoned by more

serious performers.

b In elaborate theatrical palaces.

.
c In open-air theaters in parks and other public places.
.
d In tents that could be moved easily.
.

QUESTION 55

1.

In Josiah Strong's view, what made Anglo-Saxons

superior to other cultures?
a. Love of liberty and pure Christianity.
b. Genetic qualities of endurance and strength.
c. Better educational opportunities.
d. Purity of their gene pool.

1.

QUESTION 56

How did most minstrel shows portray African

Americans after the Civil War?
a. In gross racial stereotypes.
b. With sensitivity for ethnic differences.
c. By ignoring them to avoid misrepresentation.
d. As equal citizens, as required by the Fourteenth Amendment.

QUESTION 57

1.

Which of the following best characterizes the

significance of fraternal organizations and mutual aid
societies in the early twentieth century?

12
a. They forged wider ethnic identities among immigrants.
b. They groomed immigrants for political careers.
c. They were the beginnings of organized crime.
d. They were crucial for the assimilation of immigrants.

QUESTION 58

1.

1.

Buffalo Bill Cody was a hero to

a.

Sitting Bull.

b.

Tenement kids.

c.

Prairie Indians.

d.

Union soldiers in the West.

QUESTION 59

Why were immigrants a particularly dire threat to

America?
a
.
b
.
c
.
d
.

Too many of them qualified for welfare.

They brought crime to American cities and undermined politics.
They took jobs from native-born Americans.
They would work for less and do dirty jobs that Americans would
not accept.

QUESTION 60

1.

Who promoted the first professional prizefights and

established standardized rules of competition for boxing?
a.

Richard Kyle Fox.

b.

Marquess de Queensberry.

c.

John L. Sullivan.

d.

Joe Louis.

QUESTION 61

1.

What trend in wages paid to workers in America developed between 1860

and 1890?
a. The earning power of women increased dramatically.

b. Wages increased by 50 percent for skilled workers.

c. Sharecropping in the South reduced the national average by 10 percent.

13
d. Wages remained steady, despite the Panic of 1873.

QUESTION 62

1.

Before the Farmers' Alliance came into existence, American farmers tried to
influence legislation through membership in
a.

The Grange.

b.

Women's Missionary Union.

c.

Cooperatives.

d.

Socialist organizations.

QUESTION 63

1.

Between the 1870s and 1900,

a More Democrats than Republicans were elected president.
.
b Regardless of which party controlled the executive branch, Republicans usually controlled
. Congress.
c Third-party candidates won the presidency twice.
.
d Republicans and Democrats had nearly equal electoral strength in presidential elections.
.

QUESTION 64

1.

What was the impact of the Harrison McKinley Tariff on foreign affairs?
a. It gave the president new authority in trade relations with other countries.

b. It raised the national deficit to $1 billion.

c. Lower tariff rates opened American markets to foreign producers.

d. It removed restrictions on imported steel products and caused unemployment in

Pittsburgh.

14
QUESTION 65

1.

Which of the following was true about Rutherford B. Hayes?

a His radical stance on black civil rights alienated many voters.
.
b Congressional Republicans were annoyed by his efforts to conciliate Democrats
. investigating his election.
c Democrats introduced their theme song, Happy Days Are Here Again.
.
d He was the first president since 1865 who had not served in the Civil War.
.

QUESTION 66

1.

How did most middle-class radicals react to socialism?

a. They rejected socialism and advocated Communism instead.

b. They believed socialism was the way Christ had lived among his Apostles.

c. They thought socialism the only solution to the problems of an industrial society.

d. Most were frightened rather than motivated by socialism.

QUESTION 67

1.

Edward Bellamy's novel Looking Backward was

a. An expos of corruption in labor unions.

b A hard-nosed investigative report of the meat packing industry.

.
c. A thinly veiled accusation that President Grover Cleveland had fathered an illegitimate
child.
d A literary device used to advocate a utopian society.
.

QUESTION 68

1.

To what does the term specie refer?

15
a.

Classification of the tariff.

b.

Paper currency.

c.

Advocates of a dual monetary policy.

d.

Gold or silver coins.

QUESTION 69

1.

The Pendleton Act

a Raised the tariff on foreign-made goods by 10 percent.
.
b Created the Civil Service Commission to administer competitive examinations for non. policy-level federal jobs.
c Divided Indian reservations into individual homesteads for Indians.
.
d Designated portions of the Pacific Northwest as National Scenic Sites.
.

QUESTION 70

1.

How did the writer of Progress and Poverty want to finance government?
a. Through a direct tax on personal incomes.

b. By raising the tariff.

c. Through a single tax on rising rents.

d. Through excise taxes on tobacco and alcohol products.

QUESTION 71

1.

Who was the Republican Party boss of New York state politics?
a.

Samuel J. Tilden.

16
b.

Tammany X. Hall.

c.

Daniel Drew.

d.

Roscoe Conkling.

QUESTION 72

1.

Between 1860 and 1898

a.

Each statement is correct.

b.

American-made goods sold abroad increased.

c.

America exported more goods than it imported.

d.

Iron and steel exports increased.

QUESTION 73

1.

Many states passed laws on education that did all of the following, except
a. Increase spending per pupil.

b. Increase the school year.

c. Make attendance mandatory.

d. Adopt standardized testing for high school graduation.

QUESTION 74

1.

What helped Republicans win the presidency and congress in 1888?

a. The national trend toward more conservative political positions.

b. The association of the Democratic Party with segregation and disruption of the Union.

17
c. An increased interest in social issues.

d. Its vigorous stand on retaining the protective tariff.

QUESTION 75

1.

Membership in the Knights of Labor was open to all except

a.

Women.

b.

Black and white workers.

c.

Skilled and unskilled workers.

d.

Chinese.

QUESTION 76

1.

What was the greatest weakness of the Interstate Commerce Commission

when it was founded?
a. It had insufficient staff to do necessary work.

b. Public opinion did not support the commission's mission.

c. Commissioners were employees of the railroads they were supposed to regulate.

d. It lacked power to enforce its rules.

QUESTION 77

1.

Who led the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor?
a.

Samuel L. Gompers.

b.

Walter Reuther.

c.

William H. Silvis.

18
d.

Terence Powderly.

QUESTION 78

1.

What motivated the assassin who shot President James A. Garfield in 1881?
a. The assassin intended to take the life of the vice president but missed.

b. President Garfield failed to appoint him to a federal position he sought.

c. He wanted to create chaos in the North so the Confederacy could organize again.

d. He wanted to gain attention to the cause of Serbian freedom.

QUESTION 79

1.

Why did Grover Cleveland think the federal government should allow
southern whites to control their states?
a Reconstruction efforts to make the South be more like the North in industry, thrift, and
. patriotism had failed.
b Cleveland was a southern white.
.
c They were better educated and more qualified to control their states.
.
d He was committed to the authority of local government.
.

QUESTION 80

1.

What was the purpose of the Interstate Commerce Act?

a. To restrict transportation of controlled substances across state lines.

b. To curb monopolistic and discriminatory practices by railroads.

c. To develop policy on international trade issues.

d. To promote the development of trade throughout the nation.

19
QUESTION 81

1.

What term did Edward Bellamy use to describe his dream of social peace with
little government interaction?
a.

Holy Grail.

b.

Utopia.

c.

Nationalism.

d.

Rugged individualism.

QUESTION 82

1.

What did advocates of a single tax hope to accomplish with this method of
public finance?
a. To restore wealth to those who produced it.

b. To pass the tax burden to foreign consumers of American products.

c. To avoid paying taxes themselves.

d. To prevent the development of a permanent underclass in America.

QUESTION 83

1.

Boss rule in city governments was possible because

a. Voters were apathetic.

b. State governments did not care to regulate city governments.

c. Bosses had the peoples' best interests at heart.

d. City bosses could trade municipal jobs for votes.

QUESTION 84

20
1.

The goal of the Farmers' Alliance was to

a. Make sharecropping illegal.

b. Transfer ownership of the railroads to farmers.

c. Make cheap loans available through land banks.

d. Bring American farmers into the modern world of industry and prosperity.

QUESTION 85

1.

Who started the violence in Haymarket Square in Chicago in 1886?

a.

Out-of-control policemen.

b.

Goons and company finks.

c.

Anarchists.

d.

Railroad workers.

QUESTION 86

1.

Each of the following statements about American plantation owners in Hawaii

is accurate except
a. They wanted the United States to annex Hawaii.

b. They did not support Queen Liliuokalani.

c. They reduced sugar production in Hawaii to prove their economic power.

d. They provoked an anti-American attitude among native Hawaiians.

QUESTION 87

1.

Whereas Henry George reasserted the values of hard work and self-restraint,
Edward Bellamy embraced

21
a. Family planning and birth control as a solution for overpopulation.

b. Equal pay for equal work for women and minorities.

c. The modern cult of leisure.

d. Psychotherapy as a solution for social problems.

QUESTION 88

1.

The Populist Party advocated all of the following, except

a. Government ownership of railroads and telegraph.

b. Redistribution of wealth and land ownership.

c. Eight-hour work day and laws regulating child labor.

d. Secret ballots and the popular election of U.S. senators.

QUESTION 89

1.

Secretary of State William Henry Seward's view of American foreign affairs

was linked to
a.

Exporting democracy.

b.

Expanding American trade.

c.

All of the above.

d.

Sending American missionaries to foreign lands.

QUESTION 90

1.

What activity did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act outlaw?

a. Pooling the assets of individually owned companies.

22
b. One company holding control over subsidiary companies.

c. Foreign ownership of more than 50 percent of U.S.-based companies.

d. Combination in restraint of trade.