Mark and Ilyssas Study Guide- Exam 3

Key Concepts:
-Metabolic Pathways (inhibition)
- Photosynthesis- (light reactions/calvin cycle- redox reactions)
- Cellular Respiration
- Meiosis
- Mendelian Genetics
Metabolic Pathways
-

What is the general pathway through which energy travels in

plants?
Why does the structure of ATP allow it to be such a great energy
source? (Which part of the molecule contributes to its quality as
an energy source and why?)
How does phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group
from ATP affect an enzyme?
What is the difference between allosteric inhibition, competitive
inhibition and inhibition through phosphorylation?

Photosynthesis and Respiration

-

Which reactants and products from photosynthesis and cellular

respiration have low energy, and which ones have high energy?
What are the reduced and oxidized forms of the molecules that
accept electrons during photosynthesis and respiration?
In what part of the cell does each of the following processes take
place: light reactions of photosynthesis, dark reactions of
photosynthesis, cellular respiration
What takes place when there is no oxygen at the end of the
electron transport chain in respiration?
What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and
substrate level phosphorylation and where do each of these
processes take place in the respiration process?
What molecules created during photosynthesis are needed for
the Calvin cycle to take place? What molecule is used up during
the light reactions of photosynthesis and then is reconstituted at
the end of respiration? Why does this occur?
What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to make a
molecule of glucose?
What are the initial substrates, reconstituted products, and final
product of the Calvin cycle?
What are the three main sub-processes of respiration (before
oxidative phosphorylation)?

What molecules are examples of positive feedback, meaning

they will signal to continue cellular process?
What molecules are examples of negative feedback, meaning
they will signal to halt cellular processes?
What cellular process does the enzyme phosofructokinase
control, and what kind of inhibition regulates this enzyme?
What process of respiration does the enzyme pyruvate
hydrogenase control and what kind of inhibition is it regulated
by?

Meiosis
-

What are the 5 main phases of meiosis and what occurs during
each phase?
Explain where error may occur during meiosis and why this is
detrimental to the cell
What are the terms for when a cell has one extra chromosome or
one less chromosome?
Explain why sexual reproduction dominates over asexual
reproduction. In other words, what are the advantages of sexual
reproduction?
Explain what the ploidy number of an organism represents.

Mendelian Genetics
- What is a monohybrid cross and what will the genotypes of these
offspring be?
- What is meant by the term independent assortment?
- What is a dihybrid cross? What will the phenotypic ratio of these
offspring be?
- What is meant by the term dominant and recessive?
- What is meant by the term wild-type allele. Is a wild-type allele
necessarily dominant? Why or why not? What is a mutant allele?
- What is the difference between a loss of function mutation and a
gain of function mutation, and what causes each of these
mutations to occur?
- What is a gain of function mutation? Explain why this is or is not
necessarily a good thing?