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msm 15-4017PE
Update on Falling
Particle Receiver
Research at Sandia
Contributors:
Sandia National Laboratories
Georgia Institute of Technology
Bucknell University
King Saud University
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Clifford K. Ho
Sandia National Laboratories
SAND2015-XXXX
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
Wi ENERGY
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Exceptional service
in the national interest
Sandia
National
Laboratories
Technology Description
Particle curtain
Particle elevator
Particle hot
storage tank
Particle-toworking-fluid heat
Aperture
exchanger
Particle cold
storage tank
Presentation Overview
Objectives
Approach, Progress, and Results
Receiver
Particles
Balance of Plant
Future Work
Project Objectives
Make advancements in falling particle technologies
that will enable higher temperatures and greater
efficiencies at a lower cost
1.
Receiver designs
2.
3.
Balance of plant
Presentation Overview
Objectives
Approach, Progress, and Results
Receiver
Particles
Balance of Plant
Future Work
Receiver
1.18e+03
1.15e+03
1.12e+03
1.090+03
1.060+03
1.03e+03
9.97e+02
9.66e+02
9.36e+02
9.05e+02
8.75e+02
8.45e+02
8.14e+02
7.84e+02
7.54e+02
7.23e+02
6.93e+02
6.62e+02
6.32e+02
6.02e+02
5.71e+02
1 mm particle size
10 mm particle size
Design of Experiments
Factors
Particle size
Particle mass flow rate
Particle release location
Air curtain blower speed
External wind
Metrics
'
Particle loss
Sun Shot
10
Particle
release
Receiver
(outlined)
11
Particle curtain
Falling Particles
Discrete Structures
or
Porous Ceramic Foam
Aperture
Insulation
Patent Pending
12
13
14
Standard Deviation
H Sun Shot
0.60 m/s
0.07 m/s
0.53 m/s
0.09 m/s
0.52 m/s
0.08 m/s
15
5
II
V)
>
u
O
Q)
u
1^4<
ro
Q_
Ho et al. 2015,
Characterization of
Particle Flow in a FreeFalling Solar Particle
Receiver, ASME 2015
Power and Energy
Conversion Conference,
San Diego, CA, June 28 July 2, 2015.
1
#
0.0
0.5
#
i
1.0
Distance from release (m)
1.5
2.0
16
On-Sun Testing
17
Caged
ladders
Work
platforms
Olds
Elevator
Top hopper
(two release
slots)
Receiver
Water-cooled
flux target
Bottom
hopper
Top of tower
module
18
19
20
Single Heliostat
Six Heliostats
21
Flux Characterization
~55 kW/m2
22
Particle Temperatures
170
------ Temperature In (TC-TH-012)
150
2 heliostats
30
10
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Time (min)
23
Summary of Results
Number
Peak
Average
of
Irradiance Particle
Heliostats (kW/mA2) AT (C)
Average
Particle
Temperature
(C)
Power
absorbed
by
Specific
Mass
Propagated
Heat Flow Rate particles Incident Thermal % Error in
(J/kg-K)
(W)
Power (W) Efficiency Efficiency
(kg/s)
16
3.45
39.1
706
0.53
1297
1870
69%
17%
35
3.81
85.7
813
0.53
1648
3970
42%
11%
55
5.64
105.1
844
0.53
2533
6380
40%
12%
65
7.01
118.2
862
0.53
3217
7540
43%
14%
75
8.16
136.5
884
0.53
3841
8090
47%
18%
100
8.43
154.6
904
0.53
4060
10000
41%
17%
Plot oflthermal
efficiency
24
Particles
25
Sintered Bauxite
0.934
0.843
0.864
Sintered Bauxite
0.929
0.803
0.862
Sintered Bauxite
0.894
0.752
0.831
Sintered Bauxite
0.906
0.754
0.843
Sintered Bauxite
0.909
0.789
0.843
Silica
0.55
0.715
0.490
Commercial Paint
0.97
0.88
0.897
*Spectral directional reflectance values were measured at room temperature. The total hemispherical emissivity was calculated
assuming a surface temperature of 700 C.
4
**Q is assumed to be 6x105 W/m2 and T is assumed to be 700 C (973 K): Ve =
Siegel et al. 2015, The Development of Direct Absorption and Storage Media for
Falling Particle Solar Central Receivers, ASME J. Solar Energy Eng., 137(4)
26
Thousands of
drop cycles at
ambient and
elevated
temperatures
(up to 1000 C)
Ambient drop
tests at ~10 m
Knott et al.,Examining the Effects of High Temperatures on the Durability of Solid Particles for Use in
Thermal Energy Storage, SolarPACES 2013
Al-Ansary et al., Characterization and Sintering Potential of Solid Particles for Use in High
Temperature Thermal Energy Storage System, SolarPACES 2013,
27
Balance of Plant
28
[insulating Firebrick]
9 48e+02
9.16e+02
8.84e+02
8.52ei>02
820e>02
7 896*02
7.57e+02
7.2561*02
8.9361*02
6 61e+02
6.2961*02
598e+02
5 66e+02
3 346*02
502e+02
4 70e+02
4 38e+02
4.07e+02
3.756+02
3 43e+02
3.116+02
Particle Level
El-Leathy et al., Experimental Study of Heat Loss from a Thermal Energy Storage System for Use
with a High-Temperature Falling Particle Receiver System, SolarPACES 2013
29
Particle Flow
Assist Vibrator
Water/Air Out
Olds Elevator
Water/Air In
Serpentine Tube
Heat Exchanger
Funnel
Conveyor
Scale
Golob et al., 2013, Serpentine Particle-Flow Heat Exchanger with Working Fluid, for Solar Thermal
Power Generation, SolarPACES 2013
30
Up to 10 kg/s/m
Olds Elevator
Screw-type
Bucket
Mine hoist
31
Presentation Overview
Objectives
Approach, Progress, and Results
Receiver
Particles
Balance of Plant
32
Future Work
Lift system to top of tower
June 8
Begin on-sun testing
Irradiance
Mass flow rate
Discrete porous structure vs.
free fall
Evaluate particle
temperature rise and
thermal efficiency
Propose particle/sCO2 heat
exchanger
33
Acknowledgments
Award # DE-EE0000595-1558
Josh Christian, Daniel Ray,JJ Kelton, Kye Chisman, Bill Kolb, Ron Briggs
Georgia Tech
-
Sheldon Jeter, Said Abdel-Khalik, Dennis Sadowski, Jonathan Roop, Ryan Knott,
Matthew Golob, Clayton Nguyen, Evan Mascianica, Matt Sandlin
Bucknell University
-
DLR
-
34
Questions?
Clifford K. Ho
ckho@sandia.gov
(505) 844-2384
35
Backup Slides
36
77 =
aQ -sctTp4
0.9
0.8
Ambient T = 20 C
0.5
0.4
0.0E+00
5.0E+05
1.0E+06
Irradiance (W/mA2)
h = 10 W/m2-K
e = 1
0.7
0.6
- h (Tp - Tamb)
1.5E+06
Average particle
temperature =
600 C
m
37