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F min Ploss
Where Ploss is the system losses.
3.2 Problem Constraints
(1)
Where
(2)
j 1
generated by bus i,
ij
PDi is
G ij is
qci reactive
i Nc
(3)
j 1
Where
Q Di
QGi
Vi min Vi Vi max
(4)
i {N pv , No }
(6)
N pv is the
(5)
at any random location using Eqs. (7) and (8). The same
concept can be extended to a search space of n dimensions
and the grey wolves will move in hyper-cubes (or hyperspheres) around the best solution obtained so far.
D C .X p (t ) X (t )
X (t 1) X p (t ) A .D
Where t represents the current iteration
coefficient vectors,
(8)
A and C are
A 2a .r1 a
C 2.r2
(9)
(10)
D C 1.X X , D C 2 .X X , D C 3 .X X (11)
X (t 1)
X1X 2 X 3
3
(13)
Receiving end
1
1
4
5
2
6
4
6
4
6
2
3
5
3
Impedance of
Branch
0.518 J + 0.23
0.37 J + 0.08
0.407 J + 0.097
0.64 J + 0.282
1.05 J + 0.723
J0.3
J0.133
Transformer tap
1.025
1.1
Min
T65 , T43
0.91
V1
1
V2
1.1
VAR
(MVAR)
Q4
Q6
0
0
Max
1.11
1.1
1.15
5.5
Min
Max
PVBus (MVAR)
-20
100
TABLE IV: system initial state values and initial values of control variable [11]
Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
)p.u(
V
1.05
1.1
0.855
0.953
0.901
0.933
)p.u(
P1
0
0
0.55
0
0.3
0.5
voltage
0
-6.139
-13.83
-9.92
-13.42
-12.65
)p.u(
PG
0.966
0.5
0
0
0
0
load
Q1
0
0
0.13
0
0.18
0.05
Power supply
QG
0.381
0.348
0
0
0
0
V2
1.1
Q4
0
Q6
0
T43
1.1
T65
1.025
TABLE VI: System initial state values and initial values of control variable after optimization
Bus
1
2
3
4
5
6
)p.u(
V
1.1
1.15
0.899
0.999
1.027
0.964
)p.u(
P1
0
0
0.55
0
0.3
0.5
voltage
0
-4.656
-12.187
-8.77
-11.841
-11.222
)p.u(
PG
0.952
0/5
0
0
0
0
load
Q1
0
0
0.13
0
0.18
0.05
Power supply
QG
0.466
0.243
0
0
0
0
V2
1.15
Q4
5
Q6
5.5
T43
1.1
T65
0.91
6. Conclusion
In this paper, the new optimization algorithm of
Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is used to optimize
the reactive power dispatch. Generators voltage,
status of transformers tap and switchable parallel
capacitors banks are considered as control variables
of reactive power dispatch. The GWO algorithm is
used to optimization of IEEE 6 bus standard system
with the aim of the minimizing the system active
power losses. The obtained results from GWO was
compared to other algorithms. The results showed
that system losses after optimization is decreased
from 11.61 MW to 8.7 MW (i.e. 25% reduction). It
is determined that when the control and state
variables of reactive power optimization problem
are optimally determined with the aim of
minimizing the system losses, all of the state and
control variables are in their determined range. The
simulation results showed that by optimal injecting
the reactive power into system, the voltage profile
at system buses is improved.
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