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Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
There will be a potential energy difference (or voltage v ) between the plates
proportional to q .
d
v = A
q where A is the area of the plates, d is their separation and is
the permittivity of the insulating layer (0 = 8.85 pF/m for a vacuum).
Capacitors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
There will be a potential energy difference (or voltage v ) between the plates
proportional to q .
d
v = A
q where A is the area of the plates, d is their separation and is
the permittivity of the insulating layer (0 = 8.85 pF/m for a vacuum).
The quantity C = A
d is the capacitance and is measured in Farads (F),
hence q = Cv .
Capacitors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
There will be a potential energy difference (or voltage v ) between the plates
proportional to q .
d
v = A
q where A is the area of the plates, d is their separation and is
the permittivity of the insulating layer (0 = 8.85 pF/m for a vacuum).
The quantity C = A
d is the capacitance and is measured in Farads (F),
hence q = Cv .
The current, i, is the rate of charge on the plate, hence the
dq
capacitor equation: i = dt = C dv
dt .
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Types of Capacitor
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Inductors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Inductors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
N A
is a property of the material that the core is made from and is called its
permeability. For free space (or air): 0 = 4 107 = 1.26 H/m, for
steel, 40000 = 5 mH/m.
Inductors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
N A
is a property of the material that the core is made from and is called its
permeability. For free space (or air): 0 = 4 107 = 1.26 H/m, for
steel, 40000 = 5 mH/m.
From Faradays law: v = N d
dt =
N 2 A di
l
dt
di
= L dt
.
Inductors
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
N A
is a property of the material that the core is made from and is called its
permeability. For free space (or air): 0 = 4 107 = 1.26 H/m, for
steel, 40000 = 5 mH/m.
From Faradays law: v = N d
dt =
N 2 A di
l
dt
N 2 A
,
l
di
= L dt
.
in Henrys (H).
Passive Components
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Passive Components
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Passive Components
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
Inductor: v = L dt
Passive Components
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
Inductor: v = L dt
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
Passive Components
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
Inductor: v = L dt
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
Notes: (1) There are no minus signs anywhere whatever you were taught at
school.
(2) We use lower case, v , for time-varying voltages.
E1.1 Analysis of Circuits (2015-7150)
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
v = v1 + v2
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
d(i1 +i2 )
dt
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
=
dt
dt
di2
dt
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
=
=
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
di2
=
+
dt
dt
dt
v
1
1
v
L1 + L2 = v L1 + L2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
=
=
v=
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
di2
=
+
dt
dt
dt
v
1
1
v
L1 + L2 = v L1 + L2
1
di
1 dt
1
L +L
1
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
=
=
v=
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
di2
=
+
dt
dt
dt
v
1
1
v
L1 + L2 = v L1 + L2
1
di
1 dt
1
L +L
1
1
L1
1
+ L1
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
=
=
v=
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
di2
=
+
dt
dt
dt
v
1
1
v
L1 + L2 = v L1 + L2
1
di
1 dt
1
L +L
1
1
L1
1
+ L1
L1 L2
L1 +L2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
di
di
+ L2 dt
v = v1 + v2 = L1 dt
di
= (L1 + L2 ) dt
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
di
dt
=
=
v=
d(i1 +i2 )
di1
di2
=
+
dt
dt
dt
v
1
1
v
L1 + L2 = v L1 + L2
1
di
1 dt
1
L +L
1
1
L1
1
+ L1
L1 L2
L1 +L2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
i = i1 + i2
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
d(v1 +v2 )
dt
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
dv2
dt
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
i
C1
i
C2
=i
1
C1
dv2
dt
1
C2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
=
i=
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
i
C1
1
C1
i
C2
=i
1
C1
dv2
dt
1
C2
1
dv
1 dt
+C
2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
=
i=
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
i
C1
1
C1
i
C2
=i
1
C1
dv2
dt
1
C2
1
dv
1 dt
+C
2
1
C1
1
+ C1
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
=
i=
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
i
C1
1
C1
i
C2
=i
1
C1
dv2
dt
1
C2
1
dv
1 dt
+C
2
1
C1
1
+ C1
C1 C2
C1 +C2
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
dv
i = i1 + i2 = C1 dv
dt + C2 dt
= (C1 + C2 ) dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
=
i=
d(v1 +v2 )
dv1
=
dt
dt
i
C1
1
C1
i
C2
=i
1
C1
dv2
dt
1
C2
1
dv
1 dt
+C
2
1
C1
1
+ C1
C1 C2
C1 +C2
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
= v = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
= v = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
= v = .
Current/Voltage Continuity
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor: i = C dv
dt
For the voltage to change abruptly
dv
dt
= i = .
= v = .
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt .
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
idt =
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
C dv
dt dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
idt =
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
v(t )
[v]v(t12 )
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Average Current/Voltage
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
For a capacitor i = C dv
dt . Take the average of both sides:
1
t2 t1
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
t1
idt =
C
t2 t1
1
t2 t1
R t2
t1
v(t )
C
C dv
dt
=
dt
t2 t1
[v]v(t12 ) =
C
t2 t1
R v(t2 )
v(t1 )
dv
(v(t2 ) v(t1 ))
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
aV
R
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
aV
R
C dy
dt = iL iR if C is large, then the variations in y will be very small.
E1.1 Analysis of Circuits (2015-7150)
Buck Converter
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
aV
R
C dy
dt = iL iR if C is large, then the variations in y will be very small.
E1.1 Analysis of Circuits (2015-7150)
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
R t2
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
R t2
t=t1
v dv
dt dt
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
vdv
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
vdv
2 v(t2 )
2 v v(t1 )
1
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
1
2 v(t2 )
=
v
2
2C
v(t1 )
1
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
2
vdv
2
v (t2 ) v (t1 )
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
1
2 v(t2 )
=
v
2
2C
v(t1 )
1
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
2
vdv
2
v (t2 ) v (t1 )
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
1
2 v(t2 )
=
v
2
2C
v(t1 )
1
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
2
vdv
2
v (t2 ) v (t1 )
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
1
2 v(t2 )
=
v
2
2C
v(t1 )
1
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
2
vdv
2
v (t2 ) v (t1 )
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
R t2
W =C
=C
R t2
v dv dt=
t=t1 dt
1
2 v(t2 )
=
v
2
2C
v(t1 )
1
R v(t2 )
v=v(t1 )
2
vdv
2
v (t2 ) v (t1 )
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Inductor:
di
v = L dt
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Inductor:
di
v = L dt
series inductors add in value (like resistors)
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Inductor:
di
v = L dt
series inductors add in value (like resistors)
average v is zero, i never changes instantaneously.
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Inductor:
di
v = L dt
series inductors add in value (like resistors)
average v is zero, i never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Summary
9: Capacitors and Inductors
Capacitors
Types of Capacitor
Inductors
Passive Components
Series and Parallel
Inductors
Series and Parallel
Capacitors
Current/Voltage Continuity
Average Current/Voltage
Buck Converter
Power and Energy
Summary
Capacitor:
i = C dv
dt
parallel capacitors add in value
average i is zero, v never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
Inductor:
di
v = L dt
series inductors add in value (like resistors)
average v is zero, i never changes instantaneously.
average power absorbed is zero
For further details see Hayt et al. Chapter 7.