Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MMM
SEMESTER V
2014-2016
BY:
PARAG SAWANT
ROLL NO. 25 MMM
PROJECT REPORT ON
1
CERTIFICATE
Place:-Mumbai
Date:-________
________________
_______________
Signature of Examiner
MMM Coordinator
CERTIFICATE
I, MR. ANIL TIWARI hereby certify that MR. KAUSTUBH BARVE, of T.Y.B.M.S
(SemV), Roll No. 121 has completed project on INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE (IPL) in the
academic year 2012-2013. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my
knowledge.
3
Place: Kalyan
Date:
___________________
Signature of Project Guide
DECLARATION
SIGNATURE
(MR.KAUSTUBH BARVE)
ROLL NO. 121
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby express my heartiest thanks to all sources who have contributed to the making of this
project. I oblige thanks to all those who have supported, provided their valuable guidance and
helped for the accomplishment of this project. I also extent my hearty thanks to my family,
friends, our coordinator MR ANIL TIWARI, college teachers and all the well wishers.
I also would like to thanks my project guide MR. ANIL TIWARI for his guidance and
timely suggestion and the information provided by him on this particular topic.
It is matter of outmost pleasure to express my indebt and deep sense of gratitude to various
person who extended their maximum help to supply the necessary information for the present
thesis, which became available on account of the most selfless cooperation.
Above all its sincere thanks to the UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI for which this project is given
consideration and was done with outmost seriousness.
Executive summary
INDEX
Contents
PREFACE..................................................................................................................... 9
INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIA PREMIER LEAGUE (IPL)..............................................10
HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF FORMATION OF THE IPL.........................................12
Indian Premier League v/s Indian Cricket League.....................................................14
RULES AND REGULATIONS........................................................................................ 15
THE TEAMS AT A GLANCE......................................................................................... 16
SUCCESSFUL START.................................................................................................. 27
SUMMARY OF THE SEASONS :...................................................................................28
2008 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FIRST SEASON......................................................28
2009 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE SECOND SEASON..................................................29
2010 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE THIRD SEASON.....................................................31
2011 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FOURTH SEASON..................................................33
2012 INDIAN PREMIER LEAGUE FIFTH SEASON......................................................35
CRITICISM AND CONTROVERSIES............................................................................. 36
BUSINESS MODEL OF THE IPL................................................................................... 44
IPL BUSINESS MODEL & RETURNS............................................................................56
THE DEATH OF ONE DAY INTERNATIONAL?...............................................................58
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................ 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY/WIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................. 63
9
PREFACE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Extensive research was carried out for the successful completion of this project.
Both primary and secondary data were collected from various Sources.
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PRIMARY DATA:
The main data was collected from the zonal office of IPL situated in Mumbai. An
email which contains the typical details and strategies was received as feedback.
The Marketing wing of IPL was contacted for preparing this assignment. Due to
expense factor, communication was mostly done via email. The marketing
department gave relevant information about the data.
SECONDARY DATA:
The secondary data in this study is collected from various magazines, Newspapers
and Websites. Analysis and others parts are done on the basis of these secondary
data and knowledge collected from the marketing lectures.
INTRODUCTION TO THE INDIA PREMIER LEAGUE (IPL)
11
ownership of the Delhi team for $84 million and the Emerging
Media , consisting of its CEO Fraser Castellino, Manoj Badale and
Lachlan Murdoch and other investors won the rights for the Jaipur
franchise for $67 million.
On 21 March 2010, Pune and Kochi were unveiled as the two new
franchises for the fourth edition of the Indian Premier League. The
base price was $225 million. While Pune was bought by Sahara
Adventure Sports Group for $370 million, the Kochi franchise was
bought by Rendezvous Sports World Limited for $333.3 million.
The process was to have been completed on 7 March but was
postponed by two weeks after many bidders and the BCCI
objected to stiff financial clauses. The second franchise auction
fetched total $703 million.
Over 200 million Indian viewers, 10 million international viewers, 4 million live
spectators: the Indian Premier League (IPL) is a sports and entertainment
revolution in the making, surpassing all records of viewership on ground and on
media. Advertising revenue and ticket sales have exceeded all expectations,
making IPL highly profitable for the organizers, broadcasters and successful team
owners. Zealous fan followingeven hostility for visiting teamsshows local
loyalties are building up faster than anyone expected.
13
14
this league could not be successful. Some of reasons are commercial factors,
lacking of the support of the BCCI and ICC.
The ICL was set up with a billion dollar Indian Rupee corpus, and was to initially
comprise six teams playing Twenty20 cricket, with plans to expand to sixteen
teams within three years and to eventually move to 50-over matches. These plans,
if they had been realised, would have made the ICL the richest professional league
in India. On 24 July 2007, some famous international names were announced to
have signed to play in the ICL, including highest innings record-holder Brian Lara.
The BCCI refused to recognise the ICL as a cricket league, and criticised
KiranMore and Kapil Dev for joining the ICL. On August 21, 2007 KapilDev was
sacked from his NCA post.The International Cricket Council gave a statement
through its chief executive, Malcolm Speed, that the ICC would not recognize the
ICL unless the BCCI chooses to recognise it.
Faced with the threat of young players joining the ICL, the BCCI jacked up prize
money for winners, runners-up and losing semi-finalists across all tournaments. An
average domestic cricketer can hope to make around Rs 35,000 per match day
from the season of 2007-08: more than double the Rs 16,000 they got in 2005-06.
The BCCI has also planned to do away with honorary selectors, who will be paid
professionals from September 2008 onwards.
Then BCCI started its own international Twenty20 league. The official league,
which was launched in April 2008, was called the Indian Premier League
Twenty20.
15
16
There are five ways that a franchise can acquire a player: In the annual auction,
signing domestic players, signing uncapped players, through trading, and signing
replacements. In the trading window, the player can only be traded with his
consent. The franchise will have to pay the difference between the old contract
price and the new contract price. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one, then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling
the player.
Some of the team composition rules are:
Minimum squad strength of 16 players plus one physio and a coach.
No more than 11 foreign players in the squad and maximum 4 foreign
players should be in the playing eleven.
Minimum of 14 Indian players must be included in each squad.
A minimum of 6 players from the BCCI under-22 pool in each squad.
IPL games utilize television timeouts, hence there is no time limit for teams to
complete their innings. However, there may be a penalty if the umpires find teams
misusing this privilege at their own choice. Additionally, each team is awarded two
strategic timeouts of 2:30 each per inningsthe teams can take the timeout when
instructed, but is necessary to take it from 6th to 9th and 13th to 16th over.
The total spending cap for a franchisee in the first player auction was US $5
million. Under-22 players are to be remunerated with a minimum annual salary of
US $20,000 while for others it is US $50,000. The most expensive players in the
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IPL to date is Gautam Gambhir of India fetched the highest price of $2.4 million
from Kolkata Knight Riders at the auction for season 4
THE TEAMS AT A GLANCE
Team Name
Chennai Super Kings
City
Chennai
Owner(s)
Gurunath Meiyappan
Deccan Chargers
Hyderabad
India Cements
T Venkattram Reddy
Delhi Daredevils
Kings XI Punjab
New Delhi
Mohali
Kolkata
Mumbai Indians
Mumbai
Pune
Jaipur
Royal Challengers
Bangalore
Bangalore
Kochi
(Defunct)
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Deccan Chronicle
Group
GMR Group
Ness Wadia, Preity
Zinta,
Shahrukh Khan
Red Chillies
Entertainment
Juhi Chawla, Jay
Mehta
Mukesh Ambani
Reliance Industries
Subrato Roy Sahara
Lachlan Murdoch
Emerging Media
Shilpa Shetty, Raj
Kundra
Vijay Mallya
UB Group
Kochi Cricket Private
Ltd
Mahendra Si
Dhoni
Kumar
Sangakkara
Virender Seh
Adam Gilchr
Gautam Gam
Harbhajan S
Sourav Gang
Rahul Dravid
Daniel Vetto
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DECCAN CHARGERS :
Deccan Chargers known in short as DC is a cricket
franchise based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian
Premier League. They, after finishing last in the first season
of the IPL, won the second season held in South Africa in 2009, under the
captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper batsman Adam Gilchrist. Gilchrist
was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL. From the fourth
season, Kumar Sangakkara has been leading the team and Cameron White has
been playing as his deputy. The team is coached by Darren Lehmann, former
Australian cricketer.
The Deccan Chargers franchise is owned by the Deccan Chronicle Holdings
Limited. The media group acquired the franchise for an amount of USD 107
million on 24 January 2008. The Chargers logo is a charging bull. From the 2009
season, the team changed the colour of the jersey (from beige and black to
sparkling silver and blue) and the logo (from gold and red to white and blue).
There is no Icon Player for the team as the former captain V.V.S. Laxman rejected
the offer to be an icon player in order to free funds and enable the franchise to buy
& encourage younger players.
On 11 August 2009, Dinesh Wadhwa, former Regional Manager of ICICI Bank
was appointed chief operating officer for 2010.
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DELHI DAREDEVILS :
Delhi Daredevils is the Delhi franchise of the Indian Premier League in cricket.
The franchise is owned by the GMR Group. Founded in 2008, the team is currently
captained by Virender Sehwag and coached by former South African cricketer Eric
Simons. They play all their home matches at the historic Feroz Shah Kotla Ground.
Virender Sehwag has been accorded the icon player status in the Delhi Daredevils
team and was also the captain of the side during the first two seasons. However, he
resigned and passed on the leadership to his opening partner Gautam Gambhir for
the 2010 season. But after Gambhir left the team for Kolkata Knight Riders in the
fourth edition, Sehwag was once again given the duty to captain the team.
During the franchise auction for the Indian Premier League teams, the GMR Group
purchased the Delhi Daredevils for $84 million.
Bollywood superstar Akshay Kumar was the brand ambassador of the team during
the 2008 Season but opted not to return for the 2009 season due to a busy schedule.
However, Akshay was seen at a few of the team's games cheering them on. Famous
Bollywood playback singer Kailash Kher has sung the team anthem - "Khel Front
Foot Pe" a.k.a. " Play on the front foot or play aggressively". It is played at every
Delhi Daredevils match. Delhi Daredevils launched their new anthem "Munday
Dilli Ke" on 5 March 2012 on the social networking site YouTube.
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KINGS XI PUNJAB
Kings XI Punjab is a cricket franchise based in Mohali,
Punjab in the Indian Premier League. It is currently
captained and coached by former Australian wicket-keeper batsman Adam
Gilchrist. The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium, Mohali. Since
2010 IPL, they have been playing some of their home games at Dharamsala.
The first owners of the franchise included Preity Zinta, Karan Paul (Apeejay
Surendera Group) and Mohit Burman (Dabur). The group paid a total of $76
million to acquire the franchise.
Following the controversy surrounding the BCCI and Lalit Modi the Indian
Premier League announced that it had terminated the franchise contracts of Kings
XI Punjab and Rajasthan Royals The teams announced that they would take
whatever legal action possible to remain in the Indian Premier League Initially the
team tried to negotiate a solution with the league but when that couldn't be reached
they decided to file a case in Mumbai High Court accusing the IPL off getting rid
of two teams so that when the bidding process starts for the 2012 IPL season the
contract would be given to a more lucrative bidder. A division bench of Hon. High
Court of Mumbai has upheld the injunction order passed on by Hon. Justice
Vajifdar of Mumbai High court. This order stays till the arbitrator, chosen by
mutual consent of BCCI and Kings XI Punjab settles the issue. The team wass
allowed to take part in the player's auction to be held on 8th & 9 January post
22
Mumbai Indians is a franchise cricket team representing the city of Mumbai in the
Indian Premier League. The team is one of the eight founding members of the IPL
in 2008. Mumbai Indians are currently led by Harbhajan Singh and coached by
Robin Singh.
They are one of the main teams in the city, together with clubs like the Mumbai
cricket team and football club Mumbai FC. The team is owned by India's biggest
conglomerate, Reliance Industries, through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports.
Mumbai Indians is ranked No.2 in the IPL with a brand value of $57.13 million in
season four of IPL after Chennai Super Kings (who are the no. 1 with brand value
of $70 million)
Mumbai Indians were the winners of the 2011 edition of the Champion League
Twenty20 which was held in the Indian Sub-Continent this season. They defeated
the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the final held at Chennai by 31 runs.
The team logo has the Sudarshana Chakra with the team's name engraved in it.
24
and
the
main sponsor name. The 2011 jersey also has three gold stripes going towards the
back on the side of the jersey for the new players in the team.
Pune Warriors India is a franchise cricket team that plays in the Indian Premier
League (IPL) representing the city of Pune, Maharashtra. The team is one of two
new franchisees added to the Indian Premier League (IPL) for the 2011 season,
alongside the Kochi Tuskers Kerala. On 21 March 2010, Sahara Adventure Sports
Limited made the winning bid of $370 million (approximately Rs 1900 crore) for
the Pune franchise. The bid is the highest bid by any company in the short history
of IPL. The Videocon Group lost the bid for the Pune IPL Team.
Sourav Ganguly, the former captain of Pune warriors India, serves as the mentor
of the team. Former South African pacer Allan Donald is the bowling coach of the
team. The team's home ground is the newly-constructed Subrata Roy Sahara
Stadium in Pune. For the 4th season of IPL Pune Warriors India played their home
25
RAJASTHAN ROYALS
Rajasthan Royals is an Indian Premier League franchise based in the city of the
Jaipur. It is currently captained by former Indian captain Rahul Dravid. They won
the inaugural edition of the Indian Premier League under the captaincy of former
Australian spin-legend Shane Warne. In 2010, they were terminated by the BCCI
for a brief period for violations in terms of agreement but were allowed to play in
the league soon after the Board lost the case in the Supreme Court.
Rajasthan Royals were the least active franchise during the players' auction. The
team didn't have a designated icon player, which saved a lot of cap space for the
franchise. However, the franchise was surprisingly low key during the auction, and
26
Kochi Tuskers Kerala was a franchise cricket team that played in the Indian
Premier League (IPL) representing the city of Kochi, Kerala. The team was one of
two new franchisees added to the Indian Premier League (IPL) for the 2011 season,
alongside the Pune Warriors India. The team franchise was owned by Kochi
Cricket Pvt Ltd., which was a consortium of multiple companies.
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On September 19, 2011, the BCCI announced that the Kochi Tuskers Kerala IPL
franchise was terminated for breaching its terms of agreement. The consortium that
owns Kochi is reported to have defaulted on an annual payment of 156 crores as a
bank guarantee. The two new franchises, which made their debuts in 2011, had
sought a 25% waiver on the grounds that the BCCI had stated in the bidding
document that each team would play 18 league matches in a season. The schedule
was later reduced to 14 matches per team.
The chairman of Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Mukesh Patel, however, denied that the
franchise owed the board any money. Soon after the termination of the contract, the
owners of KTK threatened legal action against the BCCI. Mukesh Patel claimed
that Kochi Tuskers had never defaulted payments and that the BCCI would be
paying them 12-15 crore in October 2011 as a part of their central revenue.
On 21 September 2011, owners of Kochi Tuskers moved the Bombay High Court
to challenge the BCCI's decision to terminate the team's contract. However, the
franchise's plea seeking to restrain the BCCI from encashing its bank guarantee of
156 crore was rejected by a single bench of Justice SF Vajifdar.
SUCCESSFUL START
The inaugural match was played in Bangalore, between Kolkata and Bangalore. A
packed 55,000-capacity stadium under lights, cheerleaders dancing to music
through the match, and the presence of team owners Shah Rukh Khan and Vijay
Mallya set the perfect stage for the match.
29
The Kolkata team rose to the occasion with a high total, but the home team
collapsed a long way from the target. The match saw a TRP rating of 8.3higher
than any other programme on Indian Television during the first season.
Though ratings have dropped since then, they remain at above 5higher than any
other programme running on TV. Thats marginally higher than Indias most
popular soap Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, which has an average rating of
nearly 5. IPLs rating of 5 is no mean achievement, given that it has 59 matches
packed within 44 days.
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The 2008 Indian Premier League season was the debut season of the Indian
Premier League, established by the BCCI in 2007. The season commenced on the
18 April 2008 with the final match held on 1 June 2008.
The competition started with a double round robin group stage, in which each of
the 8 teams played a home match and an away match against every other team.
These matches were followed by two semi-finals and a final. In a match which
went down to the last ball, Rajasthan Royals defeated Chennai Super Kings in the
final to win the title, with Yusuf Pathan named the player of the match and Shane
Watson adjudged the player of the tournament. Sohail Tanvir won the purple cap
for being the top wicket-taking bowler while Shaun Marsh won the orange cap for
leading run-scorer in the tournament. Shreevats Goswami was awarded the best
under-19 player award and the special award for Fair Play was won by the
Mahendra Singh Dhoni-led Chennai Super Kings.
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The 2009 Indian Premier League season, abbreviated as IPL 2 or the 2009 IPL,
was the second season of the Indian Premier League, established by the Board of
Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was hosted by South
Africa and was played between 18 April and 24 May 2009. IPL 2 was the second
biggest cricket tournament in the world, after the Cricket World Cup, and was
forecast to have an estimated television audience of more than 200 million people
in India alone.
SHIFTING TO SOUTH AFRICA
Concerns were raised in India that the tournament was the prime target of
terrorists. Because the second season of the IPL coincided with multi-phase 2009
Indian general elections, the Government of India refused to commit security by
Indian paramilitary forces. As a result, the BCCI decided to host the second season
of the league outside India. On 24 March 2009, the BCCI officially announced that
the second season of the IPL will be held in South Africa.[7] Though India did not
host the second season, the format of the tournament remained unchanged from the
2008 season format.
Relocating the tournament posed extreme logistical challenges for the BCCI since
more than 10,000 cricketers and other staff members needed to be flown from
India to South Africa within a span of a few weeks. The IPL injected
approximately US$100 million into South Africa's local economy. In addition, the
BCCI signed a Rs. 8,200 crores (US$1.63 billion) contract with Multi Screen
Media to broadcast matches live from South Africa to India.
The IPL was hosted successfully in South Africa and was hailed as an
"extraordinary" accomplishment. The tournament was particularly praised for
32
globalizing cricket and had set record television viewership. The tournament was
won by Deccan Chargers while the Bangalore Royal Challengers were declared as
runners-up.
CHANGES IN RULES AND REGULATIONS
Some of the rules were changed for the 2009 edition of the IPL. The number of
international players allowed in any one squad was increased from 8 to 10 although
the number allowed in any playing 11 remained at 4. The players purchase cap was
increased from 5 to 7 million. The BCCI also negotiated with the ECB to allow
English cricketers to participate in the 2009 edition of the IPL. English players
were allowed to play for 21 days in between their tour to West Indies and the
subsequent return tour.
The format was the same as previous season.
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The 2010 Indian Premier League season, abbreviated as IPL 3 or the 2010 IPL,
was the third season of the Indian Premier League, established by the Board of
Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament was hosted by India
and had an estimated television audience of more than 200 million people in the
country.It was played between 12 March and 25 April 2010. It was also the first
ever cricket tournament that was broadcast live on YouTube. The final four
matches of the tournament were screened in 3D across movie halls in India.
The tournament was won by the Chennai Super Kings, who defeated the Mumbai
Indians in the final played at Navi Mumbai. The purple cap went to Pragyan Ojha
of Deccan Chargers, while the orange cap and the player of the tournament award
were awarded to Sachin Tendulkar of the Mumbai Indians. Saurabh Tiwary was
declared the U-23 success of the tournament, while the Chennai Super Kings won
the Fair Play Award.
ADDITION OF VENUES
Five new venues were introduced for the third edition of IPL. These included
Nagpur, Cuttack, Navi Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Dharamsala. Nagpur, Cuttack,
and Navi Mumbai amongst them hosted the home games for Deccan Chargers, and
Ahmedabad and Dharamsala shared some of the home matches of Rajasthan
Royals and Kings XI Punjab respectively. Additionally, Hyderabad, which hosted
all Deccan's home games in 2008, did not host any games this season. This was
attributed to the possibility of unrest due to a Telengana state succession.
34
SECURITY CONCERNS
In one of the last games of the tournament, two bombs went off in Bangalore,
while another was defused. The game on the day did continue, however, after an
hour's delay. As a consequence both semi-finals were moved out of the city. A third
device was defused on 18 April 2010. All three devices were hidden in the
stadium's perimeter wall and the two explosions were believed to have injured 15
people. Initial investigations suggested that the explosives used in the devices were
locally made and were of low intensity. Former cricketers Sir Ian Botham, Brian
Lara, Steve Waugh and Shaun Pollock urged the players not to give in to terrorism
by opting out of the league
PLAYER AUCTION
11 players were sold at the player auction held on 19 January 2010 in Mumbai.
This was from a list of 97 registered players, which was then shortlisted to 66.
West Indian all rounder Kieron Pollard and New Zealand fast bowler Shane Bond
were the highest bid players in the auction who were bought for $750,000 but not
before their prices went in the silent tie breaker round. Kieron Pollard was bought
by Mumbai Indians and Shane Bond by Kolkata Knight Riders.
The rules and format were the same as the previous season with the exception of
the strategic timeout. Each innings had two mandatory timeouts of two-and-a-half
35
minutes each. The fielding captain must take one at the end of over six, seven,
eight or nine, and the batsmen at the end of over 13, 14, 15 or 16
The 2011 Indian Premier League season, abbreviated as IPL 4 or the IPL 2011, was
the fourth season of the Indian Premier League, the top Twenty20 cricket league in
India. The tournament was hosted in India and the opening and closing ceremonies
were held in M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai, the home venue of the
reigning champions Chennai Super Kings. The season ran from 8 April to 28 May
2011. This season the number of teams in the league went from eight to ten with
the additions of the Pune Warriors India and the Kochi Tuskers Kerala.
The tournament was won by the Chennai Super Kings for the second successive
season, defeating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 58 runs in the final in Chennai,
with the winning team's Murali Vijay being named Man of the Match. With this
win Chennai Super Kings became the only team to have won the IPL on more than
one occasion. Despite Bangalore failing to win the title, one of the team's players,
Chris Gayle was named as the tournament's best player. He scored 608 runs in
twelve innings the most in the tournament as well as picking up eight wickets,
having joined the team after the start of the season due to an injury to another
overseas player, Dirk Nannes. Mumbai Indians' Lasith Malinga set a new record
36
for most wickets taken within an Indian Premier League season, claiming 28
wickets during the campaign, but Mumbai had to settle for third place in the
tournament, having lost to Bangalore in the second qualifier. Chennai, Bangalore
and Mumbai represented India in the Champions League 2011 tournament in
September. The Fly Kingfisher Fair Play Award was again won by the Chennai
Super Kings for topping the fair-play table
CHANGE IN FORMAT
With the introduction of 2 new teams, a new ten-team format was created. This
new format consists of 74 matches and was introduced as retaining the previous
format would result in 94 matches, significantly greater than the 60 matches from
the previous season, where teams compete in a double round-robin tournament.
The knockout stage was changed to a playoff format. If a match ends in a tie, a
Super Over will be played to determine the winner.
The ten teams are divided into two groups of five. In the group stage, each team
plays 14 games: facing the other four teams in their group two times each (one
home and one away game), four teams in the other group once, and the remaining
team two times. A random draw was used to determine the groups and who plays
whom across the groups once and twice.
Each team plays the team in the same row and the same column twice, and all
others once. For instance, Pune Warriors will play Chennai Super Kings and the
other Group A teams twice but the other teams from Group B (Kolkata Knight
Riders, Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Royal Challengers Bangalore and Rajasthan Royals)
37
only once. Similarly Kochi Tuskers Kerala will play Delhi Daredevils and the other
Group B teams twice but all other teams from Group A only once.
38
matches in which team won by a margin of less than 10 runs. Near the end of the
season, the season faced various hurdles including a spot fixing case, which
allegedly included 5 players caught on a sting operation carried on by a local news
channel.
The top three teams of the tournament (Kolkata Knight Riders, Chennai Super
Kings and Delhi Daredevils) will represent India in the 2012 Champions League
Twenty20. The Fair Play Award was won by Rajasthan Royals, while Kings XI
Punjab batsman Mandeep Singh was named the tournament's "Rising Star" and
Kolkata Knight Riders bowler Sunil Narine was Player of the Season.
MEDIA RESTRICTIONS :
Initially the IPL enforced strict guidelines to media covering matches, consistent
with their desire to use the same model sports leagues in North America use in
regards to media coverage. Notable guidelines imposed included the restriction to
use images taken during the event unless purchased from cricket.com, owned by
Live Current Media Inc (who won the rights to such images) and the prohibition of
live coverage from the cricket grounds. Media agencies also had to agree to upload
all images taken at IPL matches to the official website. This was deemed
unacceptable by print media around the world. Upon the threat of boycott, the IPL
eased up on several of the restrictions. On 15 April 2008 a revised set of guidelines
39
offering major concessions to the print media and agencies was issued by the IPL
and accepted by the Indian Newspaper Society.
CONFLICTS WITH THE ENGLAND AND WALES CRICKET BOARD :
Because the inaugural IPL season coincided with the County Championship season
as well as New Zealand's tour of England, the ECB and county cricket clubs raised
their concerns to the BCCI over players. The ECB made it abundantly clear that
they would not sign No Objection Certificates for playersa prerequisite for
playing in the IPL. Chairmen of the county clubs also made it clear that players
contracted to them were required to fulfill their commitment to their county. As a
result of this, Dimitri Mascarenhas was the only English player to have signed with
the IPL for the 2008 season.
A result of the ECB's concerns about players joining the IPL, was a proposed
radical response of creating their own Twenty20 tournament that would be similar
in structure to the IPL. The league titled the Twenty20 English Premier League
would feature 21 teams in three groups of seven and would occur towards the
end of the summer season. The ECB enlisted the aid of Texas billionaire Allen
Stanford to launch the proposed league. Stanford was the brains behind the
successful Stanford 20/20, a tournament that has run twice in the West Indies. On
17 February 2009, when news of the fraud investigation against Stanford became
public, the ECB and WICB withdrew from talks with Stanford on sponsorship. On
February 20 the ECB announced it has severed its ties with Stanford and cancelled
all contracts with him.
40
CHEERLEADERS :
The IPL has been criticised by a few politicians and feminists for bringing in
foreign cheerleaders, which is seen by many to not be in the traditional spirit of the
game, as well as being against some Indian sensibilities. Two cheerleaders from
London were asked to leave the ground at Mohali because of the colour of their
skin by Wizcraft International Entertainment, which handles the team Kings XI
Punjab. Ellesha Newton and Sherinne Anderson, both from London and of African
ancestry were allegedly barred from entering the stadium by employees of Wizcraft
International Entertainment on the pretext that "people dont like dark girls here".
Both the girls also allege that an employee referred to them with the racial slur
nigger.
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) said a probe would be initiated by the
IPL only if the two women officially complain to IPL commissioner Lalit Modi.
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BCCI and IPL officials are surprised that the two cheerleaders did not complain
about the alleged racist behaviour while they were in India and spoke about it only
after they returned to London.
"We have not received any complaint from any cheerleaders that they were asked
to leave by the Mohali-based Kings XI Punjab franchise recently because of the
colour of their skin," BCCI joint secretary M.P. Pandove said in Mohali.
SREESANTH - HARBHAJAN SINGH ALTERCATION :
On 25 April 2008, following the King's XI Punjab (KXIP)'s victory in the Indian
Premier League over the Mumbai Indians at Mohali, KXIP player Sreesanth was
slapped under his eye by Harbhajan Singh, the stand-in captain of Mumbai Indians.
The incident came to light as Sreesanth was caught by TV cameras sobbing
inconsolably on the field before the presentation ceremony. Sreesanth had since
downplayed the incident saying he had no complaints against Harbhajan who was
"like an elder brother" to him. Harbhajan's team had lost their third consecutive
match when he apparently reacted violently to Sreesanth's approaching him and
reportedly saying "hard luck". The footage of the slap has not yet been released for
public viewing. The BCCI launched an investigation into the incident and decided
to ban Harbhajan for the remainder 11 matches of the Twenty20 tournament.
CONFLICT WITH CRICKET CLUB OF INDIA :
As per IPL rules, the winner of the previous competition decides the venue for the
finals.In 2009, the reigning Champions, Deccan Chargers chose the Brabourne
Stadium in Mumbai. However, a dispute regarding use of the pavilion meant that
no IPL matches could be held there. The members of the Cricket Club of India that
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owns the stadium have the sole right to the pavilion on match days, whereas the
IPL required the pavilion for its sponsors. The members were offered free seats in
the stands, however the club rejected the offer, stating that members could not be
moved out of the pavilion
SUSPENSION OF LALIT MODI :
On 25 April 2010, the BCCI suspended Lalit Modi, the IPL chairman, for "alleged
acts of individual misdemeanours". The suspension notice was served on him by
Rajeev Shukla, BCCI vice-president, and N Srinivasan, the board secretary,
sending an e-mail to the same effect. It followed a day of negotiations with
interlocutors attempting to persuade Modi to resign but pre-empted a potentially
flashpoint at a scheduled IPL governing council meeting, which Modi had said he
would attend. Modi was officially barred from participating in the affairs of the
Board, the IPL and any other committee of the BCCI
Chirayu Amin, an industrialist and head of the Baroda Cricket Association, was
named interim chairman of the IPL by the BCCI, following Lalit Modi's
suspension.According to BCCI, many important documents were missing from the
IPL and BCCI offices. "Many of the records are missing. The IT is asking for
documents. We don't have them. We have asked BCCI CAO Prof Ratnakar Shetty
to look into the missing records and papers," said BCCI President Shashank
Manohar
CONTROVERSY ABOUT TAX EXEMPTION :
A controversy was triggered when the Centre gave away potential revenue of 45
crore by granting exemption to International Cricket Council (ICC) on the revenue
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On September 19, 2011, the newly elected BCCI president N Srinivasan, after the
annual general meeting in Mumbai, announced that the Kochi Tuskers Kerala IPL
franchise was terminated by the BCCI for breaching its terms of agreement.Under
the terms of the agreement, each franchise has to submit a bank guarantee every
year that covers the fee payable to the BCCI. The 2010-founded team was bought
for Rs 1,550 crore and the consortium has to pay a bank guarantee of 156 crore
every year till 2020. The consortium that owns Kochi is reported to have defaulted
on an annual payment of 156 crores as a bank guarantee. In April 2010, the BCCI's
working committee had rejected demands from Kochi and Pune Warriors for a
reduction in their franchise fees. The two new franchises, which made their debuts
in 2011, had sought a 25% waiver on the grounds that the BCCI had stated in the
bidding document that each team would play 18 league matches in a season. The
schedule was later reduced to 14 matches per team.
2012 SPOT FIXING CASE
On 14 May 2012, an Indian news channel India TV aired a sting operation which
accused 5 players involved in spot fixing. Reacting to the news, Indian Premier
League president Rajiv Shukla immediately suspended the 5 uncapped players.
The five players were, TP Sudhindra (Deccan Chargers), Mohnish Mishra (Pune
Warriors), Amit Yadav, Shalabh Srivastava (Kings XI Punjab) and Abhinav Bali,
Delhi cricketer .However, the report went on to claim that none of the famous
cricketers were found guilty. On the reliability of the report, Rajat Sharma, the
editor-in-chief of news channel India TV quoted that the channel had no doubts
about the authenticity of the sting operation and prepared to go to court.
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Mohnish Mishra who was part of Pune Warriors India team for the season,
admitted to have said that franchises pay black money, in a sting operation. Mishra
was caught on tape saying that franchisees paid them black money and that he had
received 1.5 crore (US$271,500) from the later, among which 1.2 crore
(US$217,200) was black money. He was also suspended from his team
INITIAL VIEWERSHIP
The first matches of the season had recorded an average Television Viewership
Rating (TVR) of 3.76, 18.7% less than the previous season. The viewership was
also reportedly low for the opening ceremony with a rating of 1.3 TVR. The
decline was attributed to the number of matches being played, as the count stands
at 76 among 9 teams.The rating continued to fall as the cumulative number of
people who tuned in to watch the first 16 games also declined from 127.40 million
in 2011 to 122.44 million.
However, despite this slow start, IPL 5 garnered a higher cumulative viewership
than any previous edition of the IPL. The cumulative reach for 74 IPL 5 matches
was recorded at 163 million against 162 million for 73 matches in IPL 4, and the
final match had a higher reach than any previous final
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47
Franchises
Umpires and
Match
Officials
Players and
Team
Officials
IPL
Television
Rights
Sponsorships
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FRANCHISES
IPL invites offers to bid for franchises through auction process. The party to be
selected for franchise will be at the discretion of IPL body.
The winning party holds the franchisee for perpetuity unless the termination of
contract takes place. The franchisee holding fee is paid in a period of 10 years.
Franchises agreement is treated as contract based intangible asset and all the
accounting and evaluation rules are applicable to team owners.
The main terms and conditions of the contracts between IPL and franchises that
define their earning and expenses are:
Franchise can earn revenues through
In-stadia Advertising
Main expenses Franchisees have to bear
replacements. In the trading window the player can only be traded with his
consent. The franchise will have to pay the difference between the old contract
price and the new contract price. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling
the player.
Some of the Team composition rules are:
Minimum squad strength of 16 players plus one physio and a coach.
No more than 10 foreign players in the squad and at most 4 in the playing
XI.
As this is domestic cricket so minimum of 8 local players must be included
in each squad.
A minimum of 2 players from the BCCI under-22 pool in each squad.
The total spending cap for a franchisee in the first player auction was US $5
million. Under-22 players are to be remunerated with a minimum annual salary of
US $20,000 while for others it is US $50,000. The most expensive players in the
IPL to date is Gautam Gambhir of India fetched the highest price of $2.4 million
from Kolkata Knight Riders at the auction for season 4
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PLAYERS
CONTRACT
There is a 3 years contract between the Franchisee and players of that Franchisee.
According to the contract if a player play no games or less than a quarter they will
still be paid the minimum payment, which is 25% of their contracted amount.
Players are treated as intangible assets for franchises. When a franchise bids for
certain players, it wins a Right to Play of such players during the tournament.
TERMINATION OF CONTRACT
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In annual auction, domestic players are bought and uncapped players signed
through trading and buying replacements. In the trading window the player can
only be traded with his consent. If the new contract is worth more than the older
one then the difference will be shared between the player and the franchise selling
the player.
GUIDELINES FOR REPLACEMENTS
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Umpires and Referees shall not make any public pronouncement or media
2 Umpires and Referees shall not disclose or comment upon any alleged breach of
this Code of Conduct or the Code of Conduct for Players and Team Officials or any
hearing, report or decision arising from such a breach unless such disclosure is
required under the provisions of this Code of Conduct or the Code of Conduct for
Players and Team Officials.
3 Umpires and Referees shall not engage, directly or indirectly, in betting or any
conduct described in the Appendix.
4
Umpires and Referees shall not use or in any way be concerned in the use or
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TELEVISION RIGHTS
On 17 January 2008 it was announced that a consortium consisting of India's Sony
Entertainment Television network and Singapore-based World Sport Group secured
the global broadcasting rights of the Indian Premier League. The record deal has a
duration of ten years at a cost of US $1.026 billion. As part of the deal, the
consortium will pay the BCCI US $918 million for the television broadcast rights
and US $108 million for the promotion of the tournament. A proper contract was
created for the same with all the terms and conditions defined.
This deal was challenged in the Bombay High Court by IPL, and got the ruling on
its side.
The contract was challenged on basis of following breaches:
1. Obstructive commercialization
2. Excessive Advertising
3. Poor broadcast quality
After losing the battle in court, Sony Entertainment Television signed a new
contract with BCCI with Sony Entertainment Television paying 8,700 crore
(US$1.57 billion) for 10 years. One of the reasons for payment of this huge amount
is seen as the money required to subsidise IPL's move to South Africa which will
be substantially more than the previous IPL. IPL had agreed to subsidise the
difference in operating cost between India and South Africa as it decided to move
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to the African nation after the security concerns raised because of its coincidence
with India's general elections.
20% of these proceeds would go to IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be
distributed to the franchisees. The money would be distributed in these proportions
until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares (But in March
2010, IPL decided not to go public).
Sony-WSG then re-sold parts of the broadcasting rights geographically to other
companies.It is officially broadcasted on Set Max and in internet in Times internet.
Broadcasting rights were sold to its current owners SONY, WSG after a proper
auction (offer to invitation). On 15 January 2008 it was announced that a
consortium consisting of India's Sony Entertainment Television network
and Singapore-based World Sport Group secured the global broadcasting rights of
the Indian Premier League.
On 4 March 2010 ITV announced it had secured the United Kingdom television
rights for the 2010 Indian Premier League. ITV will televise 59 of the 60 IPL
matches on its ITV4 free to air channel.
On 1 April 2011, Rogers Media announced that it signed a four year exclusive deal
in Canada to broadcast 36 group stage matches, 3 playoff matches and 1
championship match on its channel Sportsnet One. In the 2012 season, its coverage
will also include a weekly highlight show and four matches on its Omni Television
multicultural stations, and the IPL Final will be broadcast on the main Sportsnet
regional channels
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SPONSORSHIPS:
Sponsorship rights in IPL can be given to interested parties for a particular fee, but
it is also subject to:
IPL sponsorship guidelines
Governing body rules (IPL Governing Council)
General Laws (e.g. limitations on alcohol and tobacco advertising)
Some of the sponsorship rights given in IPL are as follows:
Rights to hospitality company
Rights to individual player appearances and endorsements.
Rights to player images
Rights to use logos and sponsorship designations
Promotional and advertising rights across media
Right to display logo on team and replica apparel
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Unlike its counterparts such as EPL or NBA, the major source of revenue for IPL
is not stadium ticket sales but media rights. Other sources of revenue for IPL are
title sponsorship, the sale of franchises and licensed merchandise and
products. A part of the revenues so raised are retained by the BCCI, a part
distributed as prize money and the remaining is divided equally among the
franchises based on a pre agreed model.
BCCI inflow: The biggest source of revenue for the BCCI so far has been
the proceeds from franchise bids amounting to a total of $1.42bn. Another
major source of revenue is media rights that were awarded to Sony for $1bn
for a period of 10 years and starting from IPL-3, an undisclosed amount for
media streaming rights awarded to Youtube .
Title sponsorships (DLF, Coca Cola etc.) form another big chunk of the
revenues.
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Finally, proceeds from stadium tickets, merchandise sales etc. complete the
list of major sources of revenues for IPL.
BCCI outflow: Apart from the revenues generated from the bidding of
franchises, almost all other revenues are shared with the franchises in
different proportions
The ones with the least to lose are the gentlemen at the BCCI. Legally, the
IPL is a sub-committee of the BCCI, and it has already guaranteed itself
close to $1.75 billion in television rights and franchise sales figures.
The title sponsorship for the inaugural IPL tournament, and the commission
from the player auctions - each of the eight franchise teams can "buy" up to
four foreign cricketers through IPL - will earn it more.
Of course, two-thirds (64 per cent, to be precise) of the central rights money television and title sponsorship, for example - will have to be shared with the
franchisees/clubs. Even so, by the simple expedient of sanctioning a new product,
Twenty20 cricket, the BCCI/IPL has earned the cheapest billion in Indian
history.
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game .When you consider how much the Indian Premier League borrowed from
World Series Cricket, its quite ironic that its success might lead to the eventual
extinction of the pajama cricket that was the cornerstone of the Packer revolution.
As much as World Series cricket was about fair pay, improved TV coverage and
superior marketing of the sport, it was also about establishing one-day cricket as a
distinct entity, played in coloured clothes, under lights, and in front of crowds that
came expecting to be entertained. it was razzmatazz with some substance. Packers
focus was on gladiatorial fast bowlers, and the stroke players that could take them
on.
Three decades later, the IPL advertised its players as warriors. When
Andy Roberts fractured David Hookes jaw with a vicious bouncer, people knew
that the World Series wasnt some hit-and-giggle enterprise. The IPL had a similar
moment, when Zaheer Khan left Dominic Thornely looking like a young Mike
Tyson had seen to him. Packer was a pioneerand an original, and the IPLs
copycats succeeded because they took his blueprint, adapted it to an Indian
context, and threw in a dash of Bollywood for good measure. This year, after an
uninterrupted run of 28 years, Cricket Australia pulled the curtain down on the
annual tri-series. Its fair to say that its decline had mirrored that of the one-day
game.
After the spectacular success of the ICC World Twenty20 in South
Africa, and the inaugural IPL season, the one-day game is on life-support, and it
may only be a matter of time before the plug is pulled. Crowds and television
audiences caught in the thrall of the Twenty20 game are unlikely to shed a tear. Its
amusing to hear greats of the past talking of how the IPLs success could have dire
consequences for Test cricket.
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Nothing could be further from the truth. The Test-cricket constituency is a distinct
one, and it generally consists of people who have played the game at some level,
whether thats back garden, park, first-class or international. More importantly, its
a group of people that appreciate what Milan Kundera called Slowness, those not
obsessed with instant gratification. Such fans will never abandon Test cricket for
the crash-bangwallop thrills that Twenty20 offers. He or she may go and watch
Dumb and Dumber, but its never going to replace 400 Blows or In the Mood for
Love in his affections. Sadly, one-day cricket has no identity. In that respect, its
like your stereotypical Bollywood movie with the hackneyed script that tries to
have something for everyone, and ends up having nothing. It says much about the
lack of imagination of those that administer the game that the 50-over game has
evolved so little since the Packer years. Compare that with Lalit Modi. You may
not like the man or his hubris, but he has taken an existing concept, fine-tuned it,
and ensured that the cricket world will never be the same again.
After the first season Sunday nights final, which could have been scripted by
Gregory Howard of Remember the Titans fame, Modi and the IPL hold all the
cards, while the ICC and other boards have next to nothing to bargain with. The
last World Cup in the Caribbean was a fiasco, an object lesson in how not to
organize an event. Poor crowds, overpriced tickets, a lack of atmosphere and an
interminable schedule all combined to make it perhaps the worst of all major
competitions. In contrast, the IPLs head honchos didnt behave like stentorian
schoolmasters, and the entertainment package that accompanied the games
attracted everyone from five-year-olds with temporary tattoos to middle-aged
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women who had decided to forego a staple diet of TV soaps. Where now for the
IPL?
After what happened on Sunday night, theres little doubt that the second season
will be huge. Despite the concerns of the ECB and others, every single one of the
worlds top players is likely to take part. If they do try to prevent the likes of Kevin
Pietersen from playing, they will only end up being checkmated like the Australian
Cricket Board were after Packers bold gambit. What is likely to happen is this:
Both England and Australia, and perhaps South Africa and Pakistan too, will
Endeavour to jazz up their own T20 events so that they can at least compare to the
IPL.
A Champions League has resulted from it, because the stupendous Response in
India has confirmed that people are ready to invest both time and money to watch
the best play the best, even if its only over three hours.
The franchises, none of whom are likely to be too perturbed by the huge amounts
invested in the first year, also have a role to play. Manoj Badale, of the Emerging
Media group that owns the Rajasthan Royals, reckoned that it would take a couple
of years for the club culture to truly take root, but you can rest assured that teams
like Rajasthan wont be spending the next 10 months idle.
The reality is that no league can prosper if it operates only over six weeks.
American Football has the shortest season of any major sport, but even that lasts 16
weeks, and then a month of play-offs. The football [soccer] seasons in Europe, the
NBA in North America and Major League Baseball all last much longer, which is
why they become such an integral part of fans lives. What does the Indian cricket
fan do now? Next up is a tri-series in Bangladesh, followed by an Asia Cup that
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to counting the cars in the parking lot. No one saw Modi doing anything similar,
and the perfectly scripted final has guaranteed that all the franchises will be
counting next year are even bigger gate receipts. As for one-day cricket, the
message has been bellowed out through a foghorn. Transform or perish.
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Franchises are very expensive. Therefore breaking even will also take time.
The most highly priced teams may not be those that have the early success.
Revenues will come from the most highly supported teams.
Effect of IPL in Indian economy is long term. During this short span of time
we can not see much more effect in Indian economy. But there are definitely
some effects in our economy. It creates a good impression in the mind of the
people from all over the world that india can also organise such a big event
and its economy is also very stable. It definitely increases the amount of
foreign investment in india. Now many foreign companies want to invest in
the Indian market. Foreign investors want to invest their money in Indian
stock exchange. It reflects in the stock exchange. we can see that amount of
foreign investment increases day by day.
Another effect of IPL in Indian economy is that people from all over the
world come to know about india after IPL. Earlier people from all over the
world only knows some of the places like Mumbai, Bangalore, or Delhi. But
after IPL, many places like Hyderabad, Cuttack etc are known to the world
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now. This gives them an opportunity to know about this cities and it
increases the development in these areas also.
IPL may have an effect in our tourism industry also. To see the IPL matches
many foreigner comes to india. This definitely increases the no. Of tourist
visit india. From them india can earn much more foreign currencies which
effects Indian economy. Earliar people from other countries only know some
of the cities of india. But after IPL they came to know about different
beutifull places of india. After seeing this in television they eager to come to
india to visit those places.
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CONCLUSION
IPLs ability to sustain and grow its popularity in the long-term depends on the
ability of individual franchises to break out and become large media properties on
their own. Franchisees may also have to increase their marketing and promotional
spends to effectively monetize their fan base and build brands out of their
respective teams. Apart from finding more team sponsors, franchisees may try to
increase the mix of premium
seating in their home stadiums. At the moment a bit might be too different if we
look IPL and ICL. In the recent format advantage can be taken by organizing
matches between this two winners that is more matches can be played between the
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two leagues. In the coming year more innovation is expected we might be able to
see 10- 10 or a 5-5 over format of cricket.
The whopping success of IPL has not only ensured that teams like Jaipur, Kolkata
and Mohali are likely to break even in the first year itself, but also transformed the
fortunes of its telecaster Sony Set Max. The biggest gainer, though, is arguably
BCCI which is projected to rake in a profit of Rs 350 crore from IPL in the first
year itself. This would be more than BCCIs profit of Rs 235 crore for all of 2007.
In all, IPL will bring revenue of Rs 1,200 crore a year into cricket, more than
double the governments entire sports budget of Rs 490 crore.
The Set Max channels revenue marketshare has risen from a pre-IPL level of 5.7%
to 28.8%. Its share of prime time has gone up to 29%, higher than the cumulative
marketshare of the top nine Hindi general entertainment channels. From next year,
Sony is projected to gross about Rs 650 crore in advertising revenue for about 45
days of IPL, which would be 7% of the entire estimated TV ad revenue of around
Rs 9,000 crore for the whole year.
Ad rates for 10-second spots, which were at Rs 2 lakh per 10 seconds at the start of
the tournament, have climbed rapidly to Rs 5 lakh and look set to rise further to Rs
10 lakh for the final, says the report. This would be even more than the Rs 8 lakh
per 10 second rate for the nailbiting T20 World Cup final between India and
Pakistan last year. IPLs success has also rubbed off on the franchisees. According
to the report, teams like Jaipur, Kolkata and Mohali, which have not spent much on
franchisee fees, are likely to break even in the first year itself.
From this we can conclude that IPL is now a global event and it has taken cricket
to the next level. Some of the critics criticise IPL. They say that players are not
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playing only for money and when players playing in IPL matches they dont feel
that they are playing for the country. In spite of having some negative point of IPL,
there are many advantages. So looking at positive side we can say that IPL is
becoming a global event.
Now Indian economy is growing at a rapid pace, so much that people from all over
the world are now looking towards India.
BIBLIOGRAPHY/WIBLIOGRAPHY
Wibliography
http://www.iplt20.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_League
http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league2012/content/current/series/520932.html
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/keyword/indian-premier-league
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Annexure
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Thank You!!!!!!!!!
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