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Suwandi, Muhammad Choirul Anwar, Dwi Sukma Aji, Apik Hidayat, and Triwahju Hardianto
b
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jember
c
East Java 68121
e-mail: s.wandii19@gmail.com
Abstract
Some of the energy problem faced in Indonesia, such as increasing energy subsidies to Rp 255.6
trillion in 2011. The number of people who do not have access to electricity was 87.69 million
inhabitants. Limitations in domestic infrastructure are the challenges and problems in meeting
domestic energy needs. Dependence on oil is still dominant reached 49.7%, while the use of new
renewable energy (EBT) was approximately 6%. Development is still concentrated in Java Island is
also a problem in the supply of energy, particularly electricity, mengingatm most of the energy
resources it is outside the island of Java. As a result, the load centers outside Java is still relatively
small and tend to have very different load curve between base load and load uncak.Pemanfaatan
diIndonesia solar energy sources are already dillakukan by utilizing solar panels as solar power
plants are environmentally friendly, but the price relatively expensive constrain people to use, and
now with the thermoelectric generator, or commonly referred to as TEG (thermoelectric generators)
that generate electricity by exploiting the temperature difference between cold and heat, where this
principle is known as the 'Seebeck effect'. With the help of fresnel lens to collect heat from the sun, and
optimizing the thermal energy from the heat of the sun which is then sent to termoeletrik through the
medium of aluminum plate which will convert electrical energy widened. This study is focused to
determine the effect of the use of fresnel power produced by the thermoelectric generator. Testing was
done by varying the distance between the fresnel lens with a thermoelectric element on which it is
limited by an aluminum plate in order to flatten the heat absorbed by the fresnel lens. The test results
showed that with sixteen fresnel lenses are arranged just above the fruit of the thermoelectric element
with a distance of 12.5 cm, maximum output power of 0.1 Watt with beskisar temperature of 38 C 84 C. These results indicate that TEG has prospects as a source of electrical energy.
Keywords: Thermoelectric Generator, Seebeck Effect, Fresnel Lens.
1. INTRODUCTIONS
2.
One of the constraints of electric
energy in Indonesia now there is an
imbalance between the electrical energy
consumption with the ability of PLN to
supply
electricity.
System
Planning
Department PT. PLN (Persero) and Energy
Team BPPT projected electricity demand in
Indonesia for the period 2003-2020 will
increase by 6.5% annually.
3.
To resolve the matter, PLN conduct
electrical energy savings to consumers by
seeking alternative energy sources to
improve the efficiency of existing energy
sources, one of them by using solar energy is
to use solar panels as an environmentally
friendly energy.
4.
With the thermoelectric generator into
a solution that is promising to make one of
the renewable energy in addition to solar
panels, although the efficiency of
thermoelectric generators is still low
6.
To focus the sun's heat coming into
thermoelectric generators fresnel lenses can
be used to optimize the heat generated by the
sun.
7.
8. LITERATURE
8.1 Thermoelectric Generator
9. TEG (Thermoelectric Generator) is a
semiconductor device that converts
heat energy directly into electrical
energy. A TEG consists of a number
of semiconductor blocks cube. The
shape of the thermoelectric generator
like the dishes that are 2 sides of the
heat is placed on one side and the
other side ditempatkanpada cold side.
TEG principle states that the required
temperature differences on the two
sides of the TEG surface to produce
electricity. Therefore, according to
Thomas J. Seebeck in 1821, the
potential difference can be produced
by a circuit made of two different
wire when one of the intersections it
is heated. The theory is called the
Seebeck effect. A thermoelectric
module consists of two different
semiconductor materials or cell
known as the Seebeck or thermo
elements. TEG performance can be
seen by measuring the temperature
differences on the two sides of the
TEG.
10.
(1)
14.
15. 2.2 Fresnel Lens
16. Fresnel lenses used as solar
concentrators for these lenses have
high optical efficiency with minimal
weight and low cost. Although the
concentrator fresnel lens solar
concentrators have been used in the
energy concentration system since
1960, the potential development of a
fresnel lens in commercial solar
energy is still in progress. However,
research
conducted
on
the
concentrated solar energy with fresnel
lens is focused on imaging of a
fresnel lens.
17. The Fresnel lens is a plane lens,
obtained by dividing a spherical lens
into appropriate concentric annular
sections. The lens thickness is limited
for each zone, transforming the
continuous curve in a series of
surfaces with the same curvature but
discontinuous. The use of this
particular lens makes it possible to
concentrate the same amount of solar
radiation obtained from a slow curve
of the same diameter but with a lower
volume. Usually these PMMA lenses
are molded by a special thermoplastic
19.
20.
21. Fig. 2. (a) Section of a spherical lens and (b)
section of a Fresnel lens with the same
dioptric power.
22.
33.
34.
35. Fig. 3. Simulation of an optical beam focused
by a Fresnel lens in PMMA.
36.
37. To focus the light energy on the
expected focal point, thesun ray must
be perpendicular to the surface of the
lens. If the impact occurs with a
generic angle , the focal point shift
72.
73. Generator made to conduct this study
consists of 1 thermoelectric, then 16
Lensa Fresnel
Termoelektrik
91.
15
10
TEMPERATURE
5
0
Panas Matahari
10 12
DATA
92.
93. Temperature data contained in
thermoelectric
generators
using
LM35 sensor using fresnel as heat
concentrators, obtained a temperature
of between 38 C - 84 C.
94.
95.
4
3
Voltage
2
1
0
Data
0:00
0:00
10 12
DATA
100.
12
10
8
POWER
107.
4
2
0
10
DATA
101.
From the graph of the output
power
generated
thermoelectric
generators, power magnitude ranging
between 0:08 watt to 0.1 watts.
102.
103. CONCLUSION
104.
105.
The amount of power
produced by the thermoelectric
generator is still quite small. But
power plants with renewable energy
sources
such
thermoelectric
generators have good prospects to
become
a future
energy is
environmentally friendly. The use of
thermoelectric generators to utilize
flue gas heat from the furnace could
be a solution to overcome the energy
crisis as well as an environmentally
friendly alternative energy.
106.
For more application, we
suggest to use the original TEG with
the best specification not like TEC
element with low specification, and
12 [1]
108.
REFERENCES
S. Cucco, R. Faranda., F. Invernizzi, S.
Leva. (2012). Analysis of a Fresnel
lenses concentrator. IEEE Explore.