API 572 Study Guide

Practice Questions
This study aid will help you learn the content of API 572, Inspection of Pressure Vessels.
There will be about 10 questions from API 572 on the API 510 exam. We do NOT spend
time in class on this publication. So you become familiar with this content in your personal
study sessions. Heres some suggestion on working with this Study Guide.
1.

Make a copy Always have a fresh copy when you repeat any guide or homework.

2. Dont eat this Elephant at one time. The questions in this Study Guide are in
the same order as the content written in API 572. So read a few pages in API
572 and then answer the questions associated with those pages.
3. Check your answers. The Answer Key is provided in the back of this guide. If you
have more time, read and answer a few more questions.
4. Dont overlook short periods of time. Even 15 minutes is enough time to eat
through 5-10 pages of API 572 and complete the associated questions.
5. Note! Questions that are YELLOW are considered Open Book Questions.
How many times should you do this Study Guide? Keep repeating this Guide until you can
score 80+%!!! And then occasionally repeat to maintain your peak score.

MSTS

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Practice Questions
Chapter 3
1.

An alteration is defined as:

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

An examination point is circular area with a diameter not greater than:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

a physical change.
restoring the vessel to original conditions.
restoring the vessel to a safe suitable condition.
changing either the design pressure or design temperature.

Temper embrittlement can occur in:

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

anywhere on a vessel.
at top of the vessel.
at the mid-point of the vessel.
at the bottom of the vessel.

A repair is defined as:

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

0.5 inch.
1.0 inch.
2.0 inches.
3.0 inches.

The MAWP of a vessel is the maximum pressure permitted:

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

a physical change.
restoring the vessel to original conditions.
restoring the vessel to a safe suitable condition.
changing either the design pressure or design temperature.

carbon steels.
low alloy steels.
carbon or low alloy steels.
austenitic stainless steels.

Temper embrittlement occurs in some materials with:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

short-term exposures above 650oF.

long-term exposures above 650oF.
short-term exposures above 1100oF.
long-term exposures above 1100oF.

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Practice Questions
Chapter 4
1.

Most pressure vessels codes do not apply to vessels with internal or external pressure
that is less than:
a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

5 psig.
15 psig.
25 psig.
50 psig.

Many vessels with external pressure are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

Vessel shell rings are normally made by:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

4.

high design pressures.

high design temperatures.
exotic materials.
a small diameter.

Which the most common material used to make pressure vessels?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Extruding
Hot forging
Multi-layer
Rolling

Shells constructed with multi-layers (a number of thin cylindrical sections) are

normally used for vessels having:
a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

rolling plate at ambient temperatures.

rolling plate at elevated temperatures.
rolling plate at either elevated or ambient temperatures.
forging.
casting and machining.

When fabricating a vessel shell, which fabrication method which is sometimes used
does not result in a longitudinal shell weld?
a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

jacketed.
accumulators.
reactors.
regenerators.

Carbon steel
Chrome
Ferritic stainless steel
Nickle alloys
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Practice Questions
7.

Which of the following materials is seldom used to make a pressure vessel but is
common in heat exchanger tubes?
a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

Cooling water tubes are often made of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

aluminum alloys.
austenitic stainless steel.
copper alloys.
zinc alloys.

Titanium tubes are often found in which of the following processes?

a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

Aluminum alloys
Copper alloys
Magnesium alloys
Zinc alloys

Crude oil above 650 oF.

Erosive services
Processes subject to HTHA
Seawater

What is the primary purpose for installing a metallic liner on the inside of a vessel?
a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

When are pressure vessel shells & heads normally made from a solid alloy material?
(one without cladding)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

12.

In corrosive service
Service where high product purity is needed
High operating temperatures
High operating pressures
Either high operating temperatures or high operating pressures

Which of the following is not a way metallic liners are attached to the base metal?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Decrease friction and improve fluid flow

Improve heat transfer
Minimize the effort to clean vessel at next outage
Resist corrosion

Explosion bonded
Rolled with based metal
Pressurized
Welding

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Practice Questions
13.

Refractory is often attached to a vessel shell with:

a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

What are two primary reasons for the use of non-metallic liners?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

15.

CPVC
FRP
PVC
Refractory

A vessel that operates with a vacuum will often have:

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

corrosive services.
high-temperature services.
high-pressure services.
low-temperature services.

Which of the following non-metallic materials is sometimes used to build vessels in

corrosive services?
a)
b)
c)
d)

17.

Resist erosion, and insulate to reduce shell temperature

Insulate to reduce shell temperature, and resist thermal expansion
Resist corrosion, and resist thermal expansion
Resist stress corrosion cracking, and insulate to reduce shell temperature
Beautify the facility, and improve rate of heat transfer

Non-metallic vessels are sometimes used in:

a)
b)
c)
d)

16.

cement adhesive.
hex mesh.
rebar.
stainless steel tabs.

hemispherical heads.
internal braces.
refractory lining.
stiffening rings.

An optionally part of an exchanger that is used to protect the tubes at the inlet
nozzle is called a(n):
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

baffle.
demister mat.
impingement plate.
strip lining.

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Practice Questions
19.

The vessel fabrication code called the API/ASME Code for Unfired Pressure
Vessels was discontinued in:
a)
b)
c)
d)

20.

Most pressure vessels in USA refineries are constructed to:

a)
b)
c)
d)

21.

15 psig.
150 psig.
3000 psig.
10,000 psig.

What codes are used when constructing a heat exchanger that is used in the
petrochemical industry?
a)
b)
c)
d)

24.

API/ASME Code.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 1.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 2.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 3.
TEMA.

ASME Section VIII Division 3 provides alternative rules for vessels with pressures
generally above:
a)
b)
c)
d)

23.

API/ASME Code.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 1.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 2.
ASME B&PV Code Section VIII Div 3.

Many high-pressure vessels are constructed to:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

22.

1939.
1956.
1973.
1980.

API 660, ASME Section VIII, and TEMA

API 661, ASME Section VIII, and TEMA
API 660, API 661, and TEMA
API 660, API 661, and ASME Section VIII

What codes are used when constructing an air-cooler that is used in the petrochemical
industry?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

API 660, ASME Section VIII, and TEMA

API 661, ASME Section VIII, and TEMA
API 660, API 661, and TEMA
API 660, API 661, and ASME Section VIII

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Practice Questions
25.

All manufacturers that build vessels to ASME Section VIII must have:
a)
b)
c)
d)

26.

an API 510 inspector on staff.

access to an AWS inspector.
a quality-control system.
a machine capable of making dished heads.

The ASME vessel manufacturer stamps the vessel with the appropriate code symbol,
i.e. U. What is the meaning of this code stamp?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

All applicable requirements of the ASME Code have been met

All requirements of the U-Section in the ASME Code have been met
Vessel has been hydrotested
Vessel has been radiographed
Vessel wall is of uniform thickness

Chapter 5
1.

Which of the following is not a reason to inspect a pressure vessel?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

MSTS

Determine the rate of damage

Determine the type of damage
Minimize potential for equipment failure
Reduce the number of unplanned outages
Provide individuals great jobs with unbelievable wages!

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Practice Questions
Chapter 6
1.

Which of the following is not a part of an inspection plan?

a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

The inspector selects appropriate NDE method(s) for an inspection. What is the most
important factor to consider when determining which NDE method(s) to use?
a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

consequence of failure & probability of failure.

consequence of failure & location of failure.
location of failure and volume of the process released.
volume of the process released & probability of failure.

Who chooses to use RBI methodologies?

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

construction code changes.

personnel changes.
process changes.
technology changes.

The two primary factors of risk are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Anticipated damage mechanism(s)

Cost of NDE method
Original construction codes NDE requirements
Portability of NDE method

Pressure vessel inspection intervals should be reviewed after:

a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

How to inspect
When to inspect
Where to inspect
Who should inspect

Authorized Inspector
Engineer experienced in pressure vessel technologies
Jurisdiction
Owner/User

Which document provides guidance on performing RBI assessments?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

API 576
API 578
API 579
API 580

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Practice Questions
Chapter 7
1.

Which of the following often sets the run length of an operating unit?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

API 579
ASME B&PV Section XII
Electric Motors
Fouling of Exchangers or Towers
Industry Norms

Chapter 8
1.

Which NDE method(s) may cause problems in a confined space by displacing breathing
air?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

2.

Which document should be followed when using breathing air in a confined space?
a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

AUT
MT
PT
RT
AUT or RT
MT or PT

API 578
API 2201
API 2217A
ASME PCC-1

Vessels are often cleaned with a high-pressure water blast? What is the typical
pressure used for this water blast?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

1000 - 2000 psig

2000 - 8000 psig
8000 20,000 psig
20,000 40,000 psig

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Practice Questions
Chapter 9
1.

Prior to inspecting a vessel, the inspector should become familiar with the vessels:
a)
b)
c)
d)

2.

Prior to inspecting a vessel, which of the following does not need to be reviewed by
the inspector?
a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

It is still important to determine the vessels thickness under the deposit.

Coke deposits are always an effective barrier to internal corrosion.
Coke deposits always increase the vessels corrosion rate.
Coke deposits must always be removed.

Prior to the internal inspection, vessel internals:

a)
b)
c)
d)

6.

A minimum of 10% of the insulation should be removed.

A small area of insulation should be removed on each shell course & each head.
One small area of insulation should be removed in the most suspect area.
Insulation removal is not required unless there is a reason to suspect that
corrosion is occurring under the insulation.

Which of the following applies when coke deposits are found in a vessel?
a)
b)
c)
d)

5.

Abnormal operating conditions during the last run

Construction and welding details of the vessel
Names of the last 3 inspectors who inspected this vessel
Operating conditions

An external inspection is being conducted on an insulated vessel. How much insulation

should be removed to check the vessels external surface condition?
a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

operating conditions.
relief valve.
RT Factor.
year of construction.

must all be removed.

never need to be removed.
do not need to be removed if the vessel wall is cladded with alloy.
do not need to be removed if deterioration is not expected behind the
component.

Magnetic flux scanning techniques can be used to detect wall loss on vessels:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

made from any material.

with any wall thicknesses.
made from austenitic stainless steel.
with a wall thickness up to up to 0.5 thick.
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Practice Questions
7.

A vessel is subject to uniform corrosion. What is the minimum number of thickness

measurements required?
a)
b)
c)
d)

8.

Pertaining to the vessels retirement thickness, which of the following is true?

a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

conical shell sections.

cylindrical shells nozzles.
heads.
internal trays.

ASME B&PV Section VIII does provide a formula to calculate the retirement
thickness of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

12.

ladder clip reinforcement.

lifting lug reinforcement.
nozzle reinforcement.
transition reinforcement.

ASME B&PV Section VIII does not provide a formula to calculate the retirement
thickness of:
a)
b)
c)
d)

11.

Retirement thickness must be determined by a professional engineer.

Retirement thickness must be determined by the formulas from the original
construction code.
Retirement thickness must be determined by the formulas from the current
construction code.
Retirement thicknesses will probably be different for different vessel parts.

Extra metal in a vessel wall may have used by the designer to provide:
a)
b)
c)
d)

10.

One
Two
One on each major design section
Two on each major design section

2:1 heads.
baffles.
ladders.
platforms.

The vessels external inspection should start by first inspecting the:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

anchor bolts.
electrical ground components.
insulation.
ladders, stairs and platforms.

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Practice Questions
13.

Ladders and platforms should be inspected:

a)
b)
c)
d)

14.

Tightness of bolts can be checked by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

15.

Ladder cage
Where rungs fit into the side rails
Rungs
Side rails

What type of corrosion often occurs at bolts & nuts?

a)
b)
c)
d)

19.

collect and hold water, potentially causing accelerated corrosion.

create a tripping hazard.
create flexing that could cause a fatigue failure.
be rather ugly and prevent your facility from achieving APIs Petrochemical
Facility of the Year award.

Where is a common place for corrosion on ladders?

a)
b)
c)
d)

18.

can be slippery.
can be a tripping hazard.
are usually repaired with alloy materials.
are usually repaired with non-metallic materials.

Small depressions on platforms are of concern since these can:

a)
b)
c)
d)

17.

hammer-tapping.
UT.
visual examination.
looking for nuts on the ground with APIs certified Squirrelly Inspectors.

Worn stair treads:

a)
b)
c)
d)

16.

only with a visual examination.

by visual examination and UT.
by visual examination and RT.
by visual examination and hammer-testing.

Crevice corrosion
Galling
Liquid metal embrittlement
Sulfidation

Crevice corrosion is not common at which of the following?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Between exchange shell & cradle support

Repad-to-shell welds
Where stair treads slip into support members
Under anchor bolt nuts
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Practice Questions
20.

Which of the following does not cause cracking in concrete foundations?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

21.

Small hair-like cracks in concrete foundations:

a)
b)
c)
d)

22.

Fatigue
High Temperature
Poor Materials
Fatigue or High Temperature
Fatigue or Poor Materials
High Temperature or Poor Materials

Vessel settlement measurements are:

a)
b)
c)
d)

25.

is deeper than .
is longer than 3.
extends 20% through the foundation.
extends to the foundations rebar.

Major cracking is found in a concrete foundation. Vessel settlement is checked and is

determined to not be a contributing factor. What is the probable cause?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

24.

should always be caulked.

should always be repaired with a cement material similar to the original
material.
should be further examined by hammer-testing.
are usually not a serious concern.

Small hair-like cracks in concrete foundations can be a problem if the crack:

a)
b)
c)
d)

23.

Concrete corrosion
Corrosion of rebar
Excessive heat
Freezing of entrapped moisture
Uneven settlement

routinely taken at each internal vessel inspection.

never required.
scheduled based on the rate and seriousness of the settlement.
normally scheduled based on jurisdictional requirements.

What examination method is normally used to examine in-service anchor bolts?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Eddy current
Hammer-testing
Radiography
Scrapping with a scrapper of wire brush

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Practice Questions
26.

A distorted anchor bolt is usually the result of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

27.

Corroded anchor bolts can also be checked using:

a)
b)
c)
d)

28.

10 feet.
45 degrees.
60 degrees.
90 degrees.

The inside of a vessel skirt may be subject to corrosion from condensed moisture if
the temperature in the skirt:
a)
b)
c)
d)

32.

1-foot level.
plumb line.
tape measure.
thermography.

To check for distortion of a vessel skirt, take diameter measurements of the skirt
every:
a)
b)
c)
d)

31.

Fireproofing
Galvanizing
Insulation
Painting

Buckling of support columns can be checked with:

a)
b)
c)
d)

30.

acoustic emission.
eddy current.
radiography.
UT.

What is one of the best ways to prevent external corrosion on structural steel?
a)
b)
c)
d)

29.

serious foundation settlement.

selecting the wrong material for the anchor bolt.
using an anchor bolt of insufficient diameter.
using an anchor bolt of insufficient length.

> 50 oF.
< 50 oF.
> 100 oF.
< 100 oF.

Floating ends of exchangers should be free to allow for:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

alignment.
facilitate ease in maintenance activities.
sideways movement.
thermal growth.
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Practice Questions
33.

During operation, air coolers tubes will buckle if:

a)
b)
c)
d)

34.

What is a good way to check for disbonded fireproofing?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

35.

acoustic emission.
profile RT.
ring gauge.
UT.
visual examination.

Guy wires supporting tall vessels should be occasionally lubricated to:

a)
b)
c)
d)

38.

corrosion of the steel.

excessive thickness of fireproofing.
less than needed thickness of fireproofing.
excessive heat.

Guy wires supporting tall vessels should be examined using:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

37.

Hammer-testing with light taps

Thermography
UT
Visual examination
Sledge hammer-testing with a 25 lb. sledge hammer

A bulge in fireproofing can be caused by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

36.

cooler fan is not balanced.

shipping pins are not removed.
operating pressure exceeds design pressure.
operating temperature exceeds design temperature.

ensure freedom of movement.

keep birds from landing on wires.
minimize corrosion.
facilitate a way for rapid descent from the top of the vessel. (and we mean
RAPID!)

At the end of a guy wire, the wire wraps, makes an 180o bend and is held together by
clips. The spacing between the clips should be at least:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

3.
6.
3 wire diameters.
6 wire diameters.

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Practice Questions
39.

At the end of a guy wire, the wire wraps, makes an 180 o bend and is held together by
clips. The minimum number of clips is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

40.

Which of the following would be most affected if a vessel foundation experiences

excessive settlement?
a)
b)
c)
d)

41.

d)

800oF.
900oF.
1000oF.
1100oF.

Creep damage may be detected using:

a)
b)
c)
d)

44.

Check for cracking on all nozzle welds and adjacent shell welds
Check the hardness of nozzle welds
Check thickness by taking close- grid UT readings on the nozzle and shell in
the distorted area
Only note the distortion in your inspection report

Catalytic reformer vessels may have creep damage if the operating temperature is
above:
a)
b)
c)
d)

43.

Manways
Nozzles with attached piping
Relief devices
Stiffener rings

What should be done if shell distortion is found at a nozzle?

a)
b)
c)

42.

3.
6.
based on wire diameter.
based on wire length.

MT.
profile RT.
replication.
ring gauging the vessel.

Vessel grounding connections are primarily needed to provide a path for electrical
current from:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

a lighting strike or a welding machine.

a lighting strike or static electricity.
a welding machine or an electrical short.
an electrical short or static electricity.

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Practice Questions
45.

Vessel grounding connections should be inspected by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

46.

The recommended resistance-to-ground for a vessel grounding system should not

exceed:
a)
b)
c)
d)

47.

expansion.
HTHA.
sulfidation.
vibration.

Vibrating level bridles may cause:

a)
b)
c)
d)

50.

5 ohms.
25 ohms.
100 ohms.
250 ohms.

Vessel sight glasses and other auxiliary equipment should be checked for:
a)
b)
c)
d)

49.

5 ohms.
25 ohms.
100 ohms.
250 ohms.

The maximum resistance-to-ground for a vessel grounding system must not exceed:
a)
b)
c)
d)

48.

measuring the resistance.

visual inspection.
measuring the resistance and visual inspection.
measuring the resistance or visual inspection.

fatigue.
localized corrosion.
pitting.
stress corrosion cracking.

Which of the following coating failures is easily missed during a visual examination?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Blisters
Film lifting
Holidays
Rusting

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Practice Questions
51.

Where are the two most likely areas for paint failures?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

52.

CUI is a concern for insulated carbon steel vessels that operate between:
a)
b)
c)
d)

53.

0 to 100 oF.
10 to 350 oF.
25 to 250 oF.
140 to 400 oF.

CUI is an inspection concern for insulated vessels that operate at 500 oF and:
a)
b)
c)
d)

56.

0 to 100 oF.
10 to 350 oF.
25 to 250 oF.
140 to 400 oF.

CUI is a concern for insulated austenitic stainless steel vessels that operate between:
a)
b)
c)
d)

55.

0 to 100 oF.
10 to 350 oF.
25 to 250 oF.
140 to 400 oF.

CUI is a concern for insulated low-alloy steel vessels that operate between:
a)
b)
c)
d)

54.

Nozzles and crevices

Top heads and nozzles
Top heads and crevices
Weld seams and crevices
Weld seams and nozzles

are in intermittent service.

are made of austenitic stainless steel.
are made of low chromes.
have poorly maintained insulation.

Which of the following insulated vessels is most likely to experience CUI?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

MSTS

CS vessel operating at 600 oF. but is in an intermittent service

CS vessel operating continuously at 375 oF.
CS vessel operating continuously at -20 oF.
CS vessel operating at cyclic temperatures ranging between 375-600 oF.
SS vessel operating continuously at 100 oF.

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Practice Questions
57.

What two on-stream NDE techniques may be able to locate moist insulation?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

58.

Which of the following tools/techniques should not be used during the external
inspection of a vessel having a process containing 5% H 2S?
a)
b)
c)
d)

59.

d)

One on each shell ring and one on each head

One on the four quadrants of the shell and the four quadrants of both heads
One on the four quadrants of each shell ring and the four quadrants of both
heads
No where! No news is good news.

A vessel operates in a cyclic temperature service. The vessel support-to-vessel welds

should be checked using MT or PT to check for:
a)
b)
c)
d)

62.

type of deterioration expected.

extent of deterioration expected.
type and extent of deterioration expected.
amount of overtime the inspector needs!

If a vessel does not have a thickness history, the inspector should consider getting
thickness readings at what locations?
a)
b)
c)

61.

Hammer testing
MT
RT
UT

The degree of surface preparation needed for an external inspection will depend on
the:
a)
b)
c)
d)

60.

Real-time RT and Thermography

Real-time RT and MFL
Neutron back scatter and Thermography
Neutron back scatter and MFL
Neutron back scatter and Real-time RT
Thermography and MFL

fatigue cracking.
HTHA.
polytheonic cracking.
stress corrosion cracking.

Which of the following is not a significant factor in atmosphere corrosion?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Chemical vapors
Humidity
Metal surface temperature
Vessels operating pressure
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Practice Questions
63.

In a caustic storage vessel, caustic embrittlement is least likely at:

a)
b)
c)
d)

64.

Caustic embrittlement is most likely to occur at areas of:

a)
b)
c)
d)

65.

caustic cracking.
graphitization.
HTHA.
hydrogen blistering.
temper embrittlement.

Blisters on a vessel shell can be easily detected with:

a)
b)
c)
d)

69.

brown residue.
white salt deposit.
yellow sticky deposit.
black hard residue.

A vessel contains an acidic corrosion product. The areas directly below the liquid level
are likely to be subject to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

68.

that are thick (over 2.0).

that are thin (less than 0.250).
higher temperature.
either thick or high temperature.

Caustic that seeps through a crack will often leave a:

a)
b)
c)
d)

67.

high stress.
high pressure.
low temperature.
either high stress or high pressure.

Caustic embrittlement is most likely to occur at areas:

a)
b)
c)
d)

66.

areas of high stress.

heating coil connections.
internal baffles or vortex breakers.
nozzles.

RT.
UT.
a visual exam using a flashlight beam perpendicular to the shell.
a visual exam using a flashlight beam parallel to the shell.

Small blisters can be easily detected by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

feeling the surface with your fingers.

hammer testing.
magnetic flux leakage.
penetrant testing.
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Practice Questions
70.

Where is soil-to-air corrosion usually most severe?

a)
b)
c)
d)

71.

Tough question! The temperature of a hot-spot on a refractory lined vessel should be

periodically checked. Which of the following is not an acceptable method for checking
the temperature?
a)
b)
c)
d)

72.

450 oF.
750 oF.
850 oF.
1100 oF.

Metallurgical damage at a hot-spot can be checked using:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

74.

Portable thermocouple
Thermography (infrared imaging camera)
Temperature indicating crayons
Place your hand on surface for exactly 1 second. Calculate the vessel
temperature based on the depth of the 3rd degree burns on your hand.

A hot-spot has developed on a refractory lined carbon steel vessel. During the next
internal inspection the wall at the hot-spot should be metallurgically examined
whenever the metal temperature for an extended period of time has exceeded:
a)
b)
c)
d)

73.

From ground level to a several inches below ground level

From ground level to a 24 inches below ground level
From 12 to 36 inches below ground level
From 24 to 60 inches below ground level

a boat sample.
replication.
thermography (infrared imaging camera).
either a boat sample or replication.
either replication or thermography.

Austenitic stainless steels are particularly susceptible to:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

MSTS

chloride corrosion and polythionic stress corrosion cracking.

chloride corrosion and sulfidation corrosion.
chloride corrosion and vanadium cracking.
polythionic stress corrosion cracking and sulfidation corrosion.
polythionic stress corrosion cracking and vanadium cracking.
sulfidation corrosion and vanadium cracking.

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Practice Questions
75.

Vessels are often cleaned with a high-pressure water blast? What is the typical
pressure used for this water blast?
a)
b)
c)
d)

76.

Normal vessel cleaning methods, like steam cleaning, usually are adequate to meet the
inspectors needs for an internal inspection. Extra cleaning such as abrasive-grit or
water blasting may be required when inspecting for:
a)
b)
c)
d)

77.

top of the crude units fractionating column.

bottom of the crude units fractionating column.
top of a hydrotreater reactor.
bottom of a hydrotreater reactor.

High temperature sulfur corrosion (sulfidation) tends to appear as:

a)
b)
c)
d)

80.

Collect all necessary inspection tools

Check the vessel permitting requirements
Collect the necessary personnel protective equipment
Read the previous inspection reports

Sulfidation is a common concern at the:

a)
b)
c)
d)

79.

localized thin areas.

deep pitting.
stress corrosion cracking.
thermal fatigue cracking.

An internal inspection will be performed on a vessel. What is the initial step to be

performed?
a)
b)
c)
d)

78.

1000 - 2000 psig

2000 - 8000 psig
8000 12,000 psig
12,000 25,000 psig

cracking.
pitting.
localized wall loss.
uniform wall loss.

The upper shell and top head of a distillation towers are sometimes subject to:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

chloride attack.
galling.
liquid metal embrittlement.
temper-embrittlement.

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Practice Questions
81.

Equipment in a wet hydrogen sulfide or cyanide environments may experience:

a)
b)
c)
d)

82.

Sludge settles on a vessels bottom head, what corrosion mechanism is likely to occur?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

83.

wrong answers!)

the inlet to the reboiler.

top head of the tower.
at the tower where the hot process returns.
at the tower where the cold process returns.

What is the normal cause of corrosion associated with reboilers?

a)
b)
c)
d)

86.

inlet nozzle.
vessel wall directly below the nozzle.
vessel wall opposite the nozzle.
vessels anchor bolts. (once again proving it is difficult to come up with 3

When a reboiler is used with a tower (fractionating column), a common place for
corrosion is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

85.

Concentration cell corrosion

Dealloying
Sludgitization
Stress corrosion cracking
Uniform corrosion

If steam is injected into a vessel, a likely place for corrosion is on the:

a)
b)
c)
d)

84.

cracking in the base metal.

cracking in the welds and heat affected zones.
extensive pitting.
localized thinned area.

Deposits in the process cause oxygen pitting

Hot process decomposes to form acids
Hot process decomposes to form polytheonic caustic
Increased velocity of returning process causes erosion

Most cracking occurs:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

in carbon steel materials.

in bottom heads.
at fillet welds.
at welds and heat affected zones.

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Practice Questions
87.

Areas opposite inlet nozzles may be subject to:

a)
b)
c)
d)

88.

Exchangers in cooling water service have the highest corrosion rates where the:
a)
b)
c)
d)

89.

Sharp changes in size

Sharp changes in shape
Near weld seams
All the above

In an exchanger, accelerated corrosion is most likely in the:

a)
b)
c)
d)

92.

The gasket surface of a CS channel that has a zinc overlaid CS tubesheet

The gasket surface of a carbon steel channel that has a brass tubesheet
On a brass tubesheet that has a carbon steel channel
On a SS tubesheet that has a carbon steel channel

In a vessel, where are cracks most likely to occur?

a)
b)
c)
d)

91.

ph is the highest.
velocity is the highest.
velocity is the lowest.
water temperature is the highest.

Which of the following exchanger components would have a higher expected corrosion
rate?
a)
b)
c)
d)

90.

chloride cracking.
concentration cell corrosion.
erosion.
random pitting.

tube inlets.
lower tubes.
middle tubes.
upper tubes.

An impingement plate is installed on an exchanger bundle at the inlet nozzle. What

area is most susceptible to corrosion?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Exchanger shell near the impingement plate

Tubesheet
Tubes near the impingement plate
Inlet nozzle

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Practice Questions
93.

Prior to inspecting a vessel, which of the following does the inspector not need to
understand?
a)
b)
c)
d)

94.

To ensure that degradation is not missed, what inspection practice is recommended?

a)
b)
c)
d)

95.

Scratch the area with your finger nail

Extend the lead of a mechanical pencil
Rub the area with your fingers
Rub the area with a coin

Which of the following is correct about hammer testing?

a)
b)
c)
d)

98.

One
One on each head and one on the shell
One on each head and one on each shell course
Four on each head and four on each shell course

What is a simple way to estimate the depth of a pit?

a)
b)
c)
d)

97.

Take a recording device to minimize need to write

Start at one end and work to the other end
Take photos of entire vessel
Have a flashlight that provides 25 foot-candles of light at a distance of 12

What is the minimum number of UT examination points suggested for a small vessel
that has slight deterioration?
a)
b)
c)
d)

96.

The purpose of the vessel

The function of any internal components
The function of each nozzle
His inner feelings

No experience is necessary to be able to find thinning

Hammer-testers should be qualifies to ASNT SNT-TC-1A
Thin spots can only be found by sound
Thin spots can be found by sound and feel of the hammer

Why is wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing often used to detect certain types
of cracking?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Easier to perform than other types of MT

Requires less effort to qualify the NDE examiner as compared to dry MT
Its a more sensitive technique as compared to dry MT
Equipment used for the exam is less expensive than for other MT exams

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Practice Questions
99. Vessels containing amines are subject to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

oxygen pitting.
oxidation.
cracking.
caustic embrittlement.
dew point corrosion.

100. Which of the following NDE methods is not good for surface breaking cracks?
a)
b)
c)
d)

ACFM
ET
Profile RT
UT Flaw Detection

101. Deaerators used for boiler feed-water are subject to:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

pitting.
localized thinned areas.
uniform corrosion.
cracking.
dealloying.

102. What is the recommended way to find deaerator cracking?

a)
b)
c)
d)

MT or PT
RT
UT
WFMPT

103. Erosion is characterized by:

a)
b)
c)
d)

build-up of corrosion product.

deep pits.
smooth surface with bright appearance.
rough surface with dark appearance.

104. Often corrosion will occur on an exchanger shell at the location of the baffles. An
easy way to find this corrosion is by:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

spot UT.
visual examination.
eddy current testing.
shining a flashlight beam parallel to the shell.

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Practice Questions
105. Areas directly above the liquid level in vessels containing acidic components may be
subject to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

caustic embrittlement.
hydrogen blistering.
graphitization.
creep.
fatigue.
dealloying.

106. How can small hydrogen blisters be easily found?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Feel metal surface with your fingers

Visual examination
Hammer-testing
Spot UT readings

107. What is another way that can be used to find hydrogen blisters?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Hold a flashlight perpendicular to the shell

Hold a flashlight parallel to the shell
RT
WFMPT

108. Existing exchanger shells sometimes become out-of-round making it difficult to

reinsert the bundle. What is the most common cause of an exchanger shells out-ofroundness?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Over pressure
Elevated temperature
Metal fatigue
Creep
Welding repairs to the shell
Meteor strike

109. Inspecting tray supports and baffles is usually accomplished using:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

MSTS

Hammer Testing.
Hammer Testing and UT.
Hammer Testing and Visual.
UT.
UT and Visual.

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Practice Questions
110. Damaged column trays normally:
a)
b)
c)
d)
111.

affect the efficiency of the column operation.

affect the strength of the column.
affect the efficiency of the column operation and the strength of the column.
have no significant impact.

Normally tower (column) trays are inspected using:

a)
b)
c)
d)

only a visual examination.

visual examination and UT.
visual examination and some type of crack detection NDE method.
visual examination, UT and some type of crack detection NDE method.

112. Vessel internal piping should be:

a)
b)
c)
d)

constructed to ASME B31.1.

inspected to API 570.
inspected using visual and hammer testing.
examined with UT at specific CMLs.

113. Process deposits are a significant concern inside:

a)
b)
c)
d)

air cooler nozzles.

exchanger outlet nozzles.
reflux nozzles.
relief device inlet nozzles.

114. A primary concern in heavy-wall hydroprocessing reactors is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

cracking in circumferential welds.

cracking in nozzle attachment welds.
grooving in nozzles.
pitting in the vapor space.

115. Which of the following steels is most likely to crack?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Steels with a tensile strength lower than 70,000 psi

Steels with a yield strength above 20,000 psi.
Coarse-grain steels
Fine-grain steels

116. Which of the following services does not promote cracking in the equipment?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
MSTS

Amine
Ammonia
Caustic
Sulfuric Acid
Wet H2S
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Practice Questions
117. A very effective means to find surface cracks is by using:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MFL.
red dye PT.
dry particle MT.
wet fluorescent particle MT.

118. The grooves on an existing ring-joint flange should be checked for:

a)
b)
c)
d)

cracking from excessive bolt tightening.

cracking from mechanical fatigue.
cracking from thermal fatigue.
erosion.

119. Ring-joint grooves on existing stainless steel flanges should be checked for:
a)
b)
c)
d)

stress corrosion cracking.

temper embrittlement.
dealloying.
corrosion fatigue.

120. Existing slip-on flanges should be checked for:

a)
b)
c)
d)

chloride cracking.
creep.
crevice corrosion.
graphitization.

121. The primary purpose of metallic linings is to prevent:

a)
b)
c)
d)

corrosion.
erosion.
corrosion or erosion.
thermal growth.

122. Loose or cracked metallic linings can be found using:

a)
b)
c)
d)

light taps with a hammer.

visual inspection.
MT.
acoustic emission.

123. A vessel is clad with a SS liner. A SS corrosion tab, perpendicular to the shell, is
added to help determine if the liner is corroding. Ten years later, its found that the
tabs corrosion rate is 0.002 ipy. What is estimated corrosion rate of the SS liner?
a)
b)
c)
d)
MSTS

Unknown
0.001 ipy
0.002 ipy
0.004 ipy
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Practice Questions
124. Bulged metallic linings are often the indication of a:
a)
b)
c)
d)

low quality inspection during installation.

poor installation.
leaking liner.
leaking liner or differential thermal expansion.

125. Whenever there are indications that a metallic liner has leaked, it is important to
determine the:
a)
b)
c)
d)

thickness of the liner.

displacement of the bulged area.
condition of the base metal under the liner.
the identification of the welder who previously installed the liner.

126. What type of weld metal overlay is often used for hydrotreater reactors?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
127.

Low chromes
High chromes
Austenitic stainless steel
Stabilized austenitic stainless steel
High nickel alloys

What are the two primary purposes for refractory linings?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Corrosion Resistance & Minimize Thermal Growth

Corrosion Resistance & Insulation
Low Cost Installation & Minimize Thermal Growth
Low Cost Installation & Corrosion Resistance
Insulation & Minimize Thermal Growth
Insulation & Low Cost Installation

128. A break or void in a paint coating is called a:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

blister.
film lift off.
holiday.
voidea.
lamination.

129. A common tool used to find breaks in a coating is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

acoustic emission.
eddy current.
MFL (magnetic flux leakage).
spark testing.

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Practice Questions
130. Spark testing is being performed on a coating. What happens if the voltage on the
spark tester exceeds the dielectric strength of the coating?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Coating will become magnetic

Strength of the coating bond increases
A hole is blown in the coating
Coating will crack
Creates a nuclear chain reaction that will destroy the entire universe

131. Which type of vessel is very susceptible to damage and very costly to repair? (assume
all the following vessels are the same size)
a)
b)
c)
d)

Glass Lined
High Nickle Alloy
Refractory Lined
Rubber Lined

132. What is a common tool that is used to inspect refractory?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Digital UT
Hammer
Hardness Tester
Pit Gauge

133. When a refractory lining cracks, what is a common problem that can occur to the base
metal?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Dew point corrosion

Dealloying
Excessive thermal stress
Brittle failure

134. A vessel has an internal refractory lining. Which of the following is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)

This inspection should be performed by an ACI (American Concrete Institute)

Level 2 inspector.
Some refractory must be removed to check condition of the base metal.
Refractory never needs to be removed to check condition of the base metal.
Refractory does not need to be removed to check condition of the base metal
if the lining appears in good condition.

135. What is a common way to check the base metal condition under a deteriorated lining?
a)
b)
c)
d)
MSTS

From the external surface, Spot UT in areas of concern

From the external surface, UT scan areas of concern
Profile RT areas of concern
Remove 100% of all the refractory
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Practice Questions
136. What tool is useful for finding deteriorated refractory lining while the vessel is in
service?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Acoustic Emission
Eddy Current Testing
Thermography
UT Scan

137. During the internal inspection a large vessel, the inspector finds that the bottom
third of the vessel has a 4 layer of coke deposit. Which of the following is correct?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Must determine if base metal under deposit is corroding.

The deposit does not need to be removed, since the deposit will always protect
the base metal.
All of the deposit must be removed to determine base metal condition.
Some of the deposit must be removed and sent to a lab to determine its
chemical composition.

138. What method is often used to detect metallurgical changes to the base metal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Bend tests
Flash radiography
Metallography
Impact tests
Tension tests

139. What method is often used to detect carburization and decarburization?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Bend tests
Hardness testing
Impact tests
Metallography

140. In which of the following situations is hammer testing not typically used?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Check for bonding of refractory linings

Check tightness of bolts
Find cracks in metallic linings
Find cracks in vessel heads and shell
Locate thin wall sections

141. It is recommended to not hammer test:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

vessels that are pressurized.

stainless steel vessels.
refractory lined vessels.
vessels with SS cladding.

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Practice Questions
142. Which of the following is not a purpose for a pressure test?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Validate vessel MDMT

Assure equipment tightness
Assure equipment integrity
Redistribute stresses at discontinuities

143. A pressure test would probably not be required after which of the following repairs?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Install a 3 x 4 insert plate in the shell

Weld overlay a 5 x 4 corroded area in the shell
Replace the vessels top head
Add a 16 NPS nozzle in the top head

144. What is the most important concern when hydrotesting a large in-service vessel?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Assure the water used has less than 50 ppm of particulates

Assure foundation & supports are adequate for the weight of the hydrotest
Provide multiple calibrated pressure gauges
Rope off an area equal to 1000 sq. ft. for every 1 of vessel height

145. What is major safety concern when performing a pneumatic test?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Compressed
Compressed
Compressed
Compressed

air when released creates a fireball

gases when released expand at a very high velocity
air reacts extremely fast with steel to create rapid thinning
gases when released form a toxic cloud

146. Acoustic emission testing is especially useful on:

a)
b)
c)
d)

heat exchangers.
large vessels.
vessels where internal inspections are difficult to perform.
vessels with simplistic design.

147. A pneumatic pressure test is performed on a large vessel. What is one way to
determine the location of remote leaks?
a)
b)
c)
d)
148.

A vessel is being vacuum tested. What is one negative aspect of a vacuum test?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Block-in the vessel and see if the pressure drops

UT leak detector
Binoculars
Thermography

Location of leak is not easily identified

There are additional safety precautions as compared to a hydrotest
Creating the vacuum requires expensive equipment
The vacuum must be held for 24 hours
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Practice Questions
149. A pressure test is conducted after an alteration on a vessel that has a shell thickness
of 2.5. The minimum metal temperature allowed during this pressure test is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

10oF.
30oF.
60oF.
10oF. above the vessel MDMT.
30oF. above the vessel MDMT.

150. A pressure test is conducted after a repair on a vessel that has a shell thickness of
1.25. The minimum metal temperature allowed during this pressure test is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

10oF.
30oF.
60oF.
10oF. above the vessel MDMT.
30oF. above the vessel MDMT.

151. When performing a pneumatic pressure test of a vessel, the requirements of which
code should be followed?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

ASME B&PV Section I

ASME B&PV Section V
ASME B&PV Section VIII
ASME B31.3
API 579
API 2201

152. A shell-side pressure test is being performed on an exchanger with a floating head
bundle. The bundle is in the shell and the channel cover is removed. This test will
show overall bundle integrity and can be used to specifically locate which of the
following leaks?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
153.

A tube-side pressure test is being performed on an exchanger with a floating head

bundle. The bundle is in the shell and the piping connected to a bottom shell nozzle is
removed. This test will show overall bundle integrity and can be used to specifically
locate which of the following leaks?
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

Stationary tubesheet roll leaks

Floating head tubesheet roll leaks
Floating head gasket leak.
Leaking tubes
The exact location of any leak cannot be determined with this test

Stationary tubesheet roll leaks

Floating head tubesheet roll leaks
Leaking tubes
The exact location of any leak cannot be determined with this test
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Practice Questions
154. During pressure test on a bundle, a leaking tube is discovered. The other tubes are
acceptable for a future operational run. The leaking tube is normally:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

replaced in kind.
replaced with improved metallurgy.
plugged.
removed.
rerolled.

155. How many tubes in a bundle can be plugged?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

None
5%
10%
25%
As many as needed, as long as it doesnt impact the bundles ability to transfer
adequate heat energy.

156. Before applying a high-pressure hydrotest to a bundle, it is important to:

a)
b)
c)
d)

connect a PRV to prevent excessive pressure.

have multiple pressure gauges connected for the test.
assure that all tubes have been seal-welded at the tubesheet.
determine whether the tubesheet is thick enough for the pressure.

157. After an exchanger hydrotest, the water is drained. But some residual water cant be
drained. What may need to be done?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Nothing, a little residual water will not cause a problem.

Heat the equipment to 500oF to boil off the water.
Add corrosion inhibitors to prevent microbiological corrosion.
Add corrosion inhibitors to prevent oxidation.

Chapter 10
1.

A vessel is structurally sound, but due to corrosion it is no longer thick enough for the
designed conditions. The vessel:
a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

can be derated.
must be repaired.
must be retired.
must be repaired or retired.

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Practice Questions
2.

Which document provides guidelines on evaluation different forms of degradation?

a)
b)
c)
d)

3.

A vessels U-1 form indicates that the new shell thickness is 0.500 and the specified
corrosion allowance is 0.125. Which of the following is true?
a)
b)
c)
d)

4.

c)
d)

thickness of this shell is 0.375.

thickness of this shell may be less than 0.375.
thickness of this shell may be greater than 0.375.
thickness must be calculated by a professional engineer.

A
U
UV
R
VR

The crack must be removed.

The crack does not have to be removed since it does not go through the
corrosion allowance.
If the crack is removed, the area ground must be rewelded.
If the crack is removed, the area ground out does not have to welded.

A vessel repair is completed. A pressure test:

a)
b)
c)
d)

7.

minimum required
minimum required
minimum required
minimum required

A vessels shell thickness is 2.000. The corrosion allowance is 0.250. During an

inspection, the wonderful, talented, API inspector (who attended an MSTS class)
discovers in a longitudinal weld a 24 long crack that is 0.150 deep. Which of the
following is true?
a)
b)

6.

The
The
The
The

If a jurisdiction requires a vessel repair to meet the National Board Inspection Code,
what stamp mustthe Repair Organization possess?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

5.

API 579
API 583
API 2201
ASME FFS-26

must always be performed.

must be performed if the inspector believes one is necessary.
is normally not performed.
that is conducted is done at a pressure of 1.5 MAWP.

After a vessel alteration, a pressure test is:

a)
b)
c)
d)

MSTS

normally required.
rarely required.
normally not required.
conducted at a pressure of 1.3 MAWP.
36

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API 572 Study Guide

Practice Questions
8.

When removing a crack in a vessel using flame or arc gouging:

a)
b)
c)
d)

9.

A crack in a vessel is removed. The groove:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

10.

care must be taken to prevent the crack from growing.

the craftsman must be qualified in accordance with ASME B&PV Section IX.
the base metal should only be a P1 or P-3 material.
the crack length cannot be greater than allowed in API 579.

must always be welded with weld metal of the same metallurgy as the base.
should be welded with weld metal of a higher alloy than the base metal.
should be welded with weld metal of the same tensile strength as the base.
should be filled with weld metal of a higher tensile strength than the basel.
can be left unfilled provided adequate wall thickness remains and edges are
blended.

Stairway treads that have been worn smooth:

a)
b)
c)
d)

can be roughened by placing weld beads on the worn surface.

should always be replaced.
are acceptable provided the tread thickness is adequate.
should be repaired with epoxy based materials.

Note! Per the API 510 Body of Knowledge the Annexes are NOT included in the API Exam.

MSTS

37

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API 572 Study Guide

Chapter 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

A
C
B
C
B
B

Chapter 6

3.1.1
3.1.9 conflict - 510 3.1.19
3.1.18
3.1.25
3.1.29
3.1.29

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Chapter 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

B
A
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
D
E
C
B
A
A
B
D
C
B
B
C
D
A
B
C
A

MSTS

D
A
C
A
D
D

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.4

Chapter 7

4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6 & 2
4.6 & 2
4.6
4.6

1.

7.1

Chapter 8
1.
2.
3.

F
C
C

8.1
8.1.1
8.2

Chapter 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Chapter 5
1.

Answers & References

5.1-3

38

A
C
D
A
D
D
C
D
C
D
A
D
D
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
D
D
E
C

9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.2.1
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.2
9.2.2
9.2.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2
9.3.2/3
9.3.3
9.3.3
9.3.3
9.3.3
9.3.3

September 2015

API 572 Study Guide

Answers & References

Chapter 9 (continued)
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
MSTS

B
A
D
B
B
C
D
D
B
A
A
E
C
D
C
B
A
B
C
B
C
A
B
D
A
B
D
B
B
D
A
A
C
A
C
C
A
D
C
A
C
B

9.3.4
9.3.4
9.3.4
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.6
9.3.8
9.3.8
9.3.8
9.3.8
9.3.9
9.3.9
9.3.9
9.3.9
9.3.10
9.3.10
9.3.10
9.3.10
9.3.11
9.3.11
9.3.12
9.3.12
9.3.12
9.3.12
9.3.12 conflict - 510 5.5.1.1.b
9.3.12
9.3.12
9.3.12
9.3.13
9.3.13
9.3.13
9.3.13
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14

67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
39

D
D
A
A
D
B
D
A
C
C
D
B
D
A
B
A
C
C
B
D
C
D
B
D
A
A
D
B
C
B
D
C
C
C
D
D
C
D
B
A
B
E

9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.3.14
9.4.1
9.4.2 Conflicts 8.2 - pg 21
9.4.2
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.3
9.4.4
9.4.4
9.4.4.1
9.4.4.1
9.4.4.1
9.4.4.2
9.4.4.2
9.4.4.2
9.4.4.2
9.4.4.2
9.4.4.3
9.4.4.3
9.4.4.4
9.4.4.4
9.4.4.4
9.4.4.5
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API 572 Study Guide

Answers & References

Chapter 9 (continued)
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
MSTS

C
A
A
C
D
B
C
D
D
A
A
C
C
A
B
D
C
D
B
C
D
C
A
B
A
D
B
C
A
C
B
D
A
A
B
B
B
C
B
A
E
D

9.4.5.1
9.4.5.2
9.4.5.2
9.4.5.3
9.4.5.4
9.4.5.5
9.4.5.5
9.4.5.5
9.4.5.5
9.4.6
9.4.6
9.4.6
9.4.7
9.4.7
9.4.7
9.4.7
9.4.7
9.4.7
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.8
9.4.9
9.4.9
9.4.9
9.4.9
9.6
9.6
9.7.1
9.7.1
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2
9.7.2

151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.

C
A
D
C
E
D
C

9.7.2
9.7.3
9.7.3
9.7.3
9.7.3
9.7.3
9.7.3

Chapter 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

40

A
A
B
D
D
B
A
A
E
A

10.1.1
10.2
10.3
10.5
10.5
10.5.1.1
10.5.1.1
10.5.1.1
10.5.1.1
10.6

September 2015