Professional Documents
Culture Documents
potatoes were rationed. Of all the states opposed to Germany, Great Britain was
the only one
which fought throughout the war. The resources of the nation were concentrated i
n the war effort
more completely than those of any other nation on either side. Labour for women
as well as men,
became compulsory. Nevertheless, once the war reached its full severity in the w
est, eight
months after it was declared, there was less disunion between classes and intere
sts than in any
other five years within living memory. Fighting spread all over the world. The P
acific was as
vital a theatre as Europe. Scientists, especially Physicists, made revolutionary
discoveries during
the war, not only in the fields of weapons and defence against them, but in supp
ly, transport, and
control in action. Strange to say the fight services suffered fewer casualties t
han in 1914-18:
300,000 of the armed forces and 35,000 of the navy were killed. There was nothin
g like the
trench warfare offormer war, though there was almost every other sort of warfare
, from
mechanized war of movement in the North African desert to hand to hand jungle fi
ghting in
Burma. Both sides experimented and built up stocks for gas warfare and biologica
l warfare, but
neither side used them. (George Clark: English History: a survey)
2. Rewrite the following poem in simple prose and then comment on the difference
between the
poetic achievement in the poem and the literal rendering in prose made by you:
The force that through the green fuse drives the flower
Drives my green age. that blasts the roots of trees.
Is my destroyer.
And I am dumb to tell the crooked rose.
My youth is bent by the same wintry fever.
The force that drives the water through the rocks.
Drives my red blood, that drives the mouthing streams,
Turns mine to max.
And I am dumb to mouth unto my veins.
How at the mountain spring the same mouth sucks.
The hand that whirls the water in the pool.
Stirs the quicksand, that ropes the blowing wind,
Hauls my shroud sail.
And I am dumb to tell the hanging man,
How of my clay is make the hangman s lime.
The lips of time leech to the fountain head.
Love drips and gathers, but the fallen blood,
Small calm her sores.
And! am dumb to tell a weather s wind,
How time has ticked a heaven round the stars.
And lam dumb to tell the lover s tomb,
How at my sheet goes the same crooked worm.
(Dylan Thomas)
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs, and u
se them in
illustrative sentences:
Consciousness, conscientiousness: ingenious, ingenuous, fantastic, fanatical, ho
nourable,
honorary, politician, statesman.
b) Use the following expressions in sentences to bring out their meanings:
problem that is so vital to the success of his effort to achieve physical and sp
iritual freedom.
It is relevant that as I analyse the reasons for my faith in man s eventual abilit
y to meet this
critical problem. I find that prominent in my mind is the confidence that God wh
o made us holds
for us an increasing density, to be achieved through our own efforts in the worl
d setting that he
supplies. This observation is significant in the present setting because it is m
y strong impression
that most of those who have the firm faith in man s advancement likewise have a re
ligious basis
for their faith. If this impression is valid its consequence is clear. It means
that it is men and
women of religious faith on whom we must primarily rely to work strongly toward
achieving a
favourable world society. It means also that those of religious faith because of
their faith have a
better chance of survival, a fact that has a bearing on the attitude that may be
expected in the
society of the future.
2. Render the following poem in simple prose and comment on the difference in th
e effective
use of language between the poem and its prose version by you.
TO DAFFODILS
Fair daffodils, we weep to see
You haste away so soon,
As yet the early rising sun
Has not attained his noon.
Stay, stay,
Until the hasting day
Has run
But to the even-song,
And having prayed together, we
Will go with you along.
We have short time to stay, as you,
We have as short a spring,
As quick a growth to meet decay,
As you, or anything,
We die,
As your hours do, and dry
Away
Like to summer s rain
Or as the pearls of morning dew, Ne'er to be found again.
(Robert Hemck)
3. a) Each of the following words has more than one meaning. Choose any five of
them and by
using them in at least two sentences each indicates what these different meaning
s arc:
Report, ruler, point, wear, glasses, vessel, stage, spirit.
b) Use any five of the following idiomatic expressions in your own sentences to
illustrate
their meaning:
Turn to account: to beat the air, to break a lance with, to foul of, to keep ope
n house, to put
out of countenance, got up to kill, to have a finger in the pie.
4. "It is my invincible belief that science and peace will triumph over ignoranc
e and war, that
notions will eventually unite not destroy but build, and that the future will be
long to those who
imitate the flight of birds, with the certainty of eventually breaking his neck
if he tries it.
Man uses water much in the same way as other animals, ho has to drink it constan
tly, washes
in it frequently, and drowns it occasionally
probably oftener than other terrest
rial vertebrates.
Without water, he dies as miserably as any other beast and with too much of it,
as in floods, he is
equally unable to cope. However, he excels other animals in that he has learned
to utilize water
power.
But it is rather man s lack of judgment in the exercise of control of natural reso
urces which
would disgust critics of higher intelligence, although it would not surprise the
apes. Man
observes that the wood of trees is serviceable for constructing habitation and o
ther buildings. He
straightaway and recklessly denudes the earth of forests. in so far as he is abl
e. He finds that the
meat and skins of the bison are valuable and immediately goes to work to extermi
nate the bison.
He allows his grazing animals to strip the turf from the soil so that it is blow
n away and fertile
places become deserts. He clears for cultivation and exhausts the rich land by s
tupid planting. He
goes into wholesale production of food, cereals, fruits and livestock and allows
the fruits of his
labour to rot or to starve because he has not provided any adequate method of di
stributing them
or because no one can pay for them. He invents machines which do the work of man
y men, and
is perplexed by the many men who are out of work. It would be hard to convince j
udges of
human conduct that man is not an economic fool.
2. Write a prose versions of the following poem in simple English and then comme
nt on the
difference in the language of both the poem and its prose version:
Without that once clear aim, the path of flight To follow for a life-time through white air,
This century chokes me under roots of might,
I suffer like history in Dark Ages, where
Truth lies in dungeons, from which drifts on whisper,
We hear of towers long broken off from sight
And tortures and war, in dark and smoky rumour,
But on man s buried lives there falls no light.
Watch me who walks through coiling streets where rain
And fog down every cry and corners of day
Road drills explore new areas of pain,
Nor summer nor light may reach down here to play.
The city builds its horror in my brain,
This writing is my only wings away.
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs, and u
se them in
sentences to illustrate:
Grateful, gratified, imaginary, imaginative, negligent, negligible, placable, pl
aceable, restive,
restless.
b) Use any five of the following idioms in your own sentences to illustrate thei
r meaning:
When all is said and done, and axe to grind, turn anew leaf, burn the candle at
both ends,
leave in the lurca, goes without saying, like a red rag to a bull, not a leg to
stand on, under the
thumb of, the writing on the wall.
4. Develop the following quotation into a paragraph of about 120 words:
"The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indif
ferent to them,
that s the essence of humanity.
(GB. Shaw in The Devil s Disciple. Act II) OR
Give a brief but complete statement of your ideals and dreams of life in simple
English.
5. List, with some amplification the steps that the Government of Pakistan shoul
d take in order
to check inflation and rising prices in the country.
OR
Compose a short speech for a Forum on international understanding and goodwill.
EXAMINATION 1975
ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
1. Make a Prcis of the following passage in about 200 words: -What virtues must w
e require
of a man to whom we entrust directing of our affairs?
Above all, a sense of what is possible. In politics it is useless to formulate g
reat and noble
projects if, due to the existing state of the country, they cannot be accomplish
ed. The impulses of
a free people are at all times a parallelogram of forces. The great statesman re
alizes precisely
what these forces are and says to himself without ever being seriously mistaken:
"I can go just so
far and no farther. He does not allow himself to favour one class, foreseeing the
inevitable
reactions of the neglected groups. A prudent doctor does not cure his patient of
a passing
complaint with a remedy that produces a permanent disease of the liver, and a ju
dicious
statesman neither appeases the working class at the risk of angering the bourgeo
isie, nor does he
indulge the bourgeoisie at the expense of the working class. He endeavours to re
gard the nation
as a great living body whose organs are interdependent. He takes the temperature
of public
opinion every day, and if the fever increases he sees to it that the country res
ts.
Though he may fully appreciate the power of public opinion, a forceful and cleve
r statesman
realizes that he can influence it fairly easily. He has calculated the people s po
wer to remain
indifferent to his efforts, they have their moment of violence, and their angry
protests are
legitimate if the Government brings poverty on them, takes away their traditiona
l liberty, or
seriously interferes with their home life. But they will allow themselves to be
led by a man who
knows where he is going and who shows them clearly that he has the nation s intere
st at heart
and that they may have confidence in him.
The sense of what is possible is not only the ability to recognize that certain
things are
impossible
a negative virtue
but also to know that, a- courageous man, things wh
ich appear
to be very difficult are in fact possible. A great statesman does not say to him
self: This nation is
weak , but This nation is asleep: I shall wake it up. Laws and institutions are of
the people s
making, if necessary, I shall -change them. But above all, the determination to d
o something
must be followed by acts, not merely words. Mediocre politicians spend most of t
heir time
devising schemes and preaching doctrines. They talk of structural reforms, they
invent faultless
social systems and formulate plans for perpetual peace. In his public speeches t
he true statesman
knows how, if necessary, to make polite bows to new theories and to pronounce ri
tualistic
phrases for the benefit of those who guard temple gates, but he actually occupie
s himself by
taking care of the real needs of the nation. He endeavours to accomplish definit
e and precise
objectives in ways that seem best to him. If he finds obstacles in his path, he
makes detours.
Vanity, intellectual pride, and a feeling for system are serious handicaps to th
e politician. Some
party leaders are ready to sacrifice the country for a theory or a set of princi
ples. The true leader
says: Lettheprinciples go but I must save the nation.
2. Render the following poem in simple prose and comment on the difference in th
e effective
use of language between the poem and its prose version by you:
Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea.
: But sad morality o er-sways their power,
How with this range shall beauty hold a plea.
O, how shall summer s honey breath hold out
Against the wreckful siege of battering days,
When rocks impregnable are not so stout,
Nor gates of steel so strong, but Time decays?
O, fearful meditation, where, alack
Shall tithe s best Jewel from me s chest lie hid?
Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?
Or who his spoil of beauty can forbid?
O, none, unless this miracle have might,
That in black ink my Love may still shine bright.
3. a) Distinguish between the meaning of the words in the following pairs and us
e them in
sentences to indicate what these different meanings are:
Amiable, amicable, considerable, considerate, ingenuous, ingenious, momentary,
momentous, virtuous, virtual. b) Use any five of the following idioms in your own sentences to illustrate thei
r meaning:
to sow one s wild oats, storm in a tea cup, to keep late hours :o throw cold water
on, a cockandbull story, to bear the brunt of, tied to apron-strings of, to move heaven and e
arth, to blow
one s own trumpet, to rest on one s laurels.
4. Develop the following quotation into a paragraph of about 120 words:
At critical moments in their history it is Islam that has saved Muslims and not v
ice versa.
OR
Write a complete character-sketch of the man or the woman who has impressed you
the most
in your life.
5. Pakistan has yet to produce a scientist of international calibre. Pinpoint th
e factors which, in
your opinion, are responsible for this poor showing of ours in the field of scie
nce and suggest
concrete measures which the Government and our Universities should take to help
Pakistani
scientists make solid contributions in their respective fields.
OR
Discuss in depth and entail what conditions are conducive to the growth of regio
nalism and
provincialism
the two great menaces to national solidarity and how they can best
be
eliminated.
EXAMINATION 1976
ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
1. Make a Prcis of the following extracts:
The present-day industrial establishment is a great distance removed from that o
f the
- last century or even of twenty-five years ago. This improvement has been the r
esult of a variety
of forces-government standards and factory inspection: general technological and
architectural
advance by substituting machine power for heavy or repetitive manual, labour, th
e need to
compete for a labour force: and union intervention to improve working conditions
in addition to
wages and hours.
However, except where the improvement contributed to increased productivity, the
effort to
make work more pleasant has had to support a large burden of proof. It was permi
ssible to seek
the elimination of hazardous, unsanitary, unhealthful, or otherwise objectionabl
e conditions of
work. The speedup might be resisted-to a point. But the test was not what was ag
reeable but
what was unhealthful or, at a minimum, excessively fatiguing. The trend toward i
ncreased leisure
is not reprehensible, but we resist vigorously the notion that a man should work
less hard on the
job. Here older attitudes are involved. We are gravely suspicious of any tendenc
y to expand less
than the maximum effort, for this has long been a prime economic virtue.
In strict logic there is as much to be said for making work pleasant agreeable a
s for
shortening hours. On the whole it is probably as important for a wage-earner to
have pleasant
working conditions as a pleasant home. To a degree, he can escape the latter but
not the former
though no doubt the line between an agreeable tempo and what is flagrant feather
-bedding is
difficult to draw. Moreover it is a commonplace of the industrial scene that the
dreariest and
most burdensome tasks, requiring as they do a minimum of thought and skill frequ
ently have the
largest number of takers. The solution to this problem lies, as we shall see pre
sently, in driving
up the supply of crude manpower at the bottom of the ladder. Nonetheless the bas
ic point
remains, the case for more leisure is not stronger on purely prima facie grounds
than the case for
making labour-time itself more agreeable. The test, it is worth repeating, is no
t the effect on
productivity. it is not seriously argued that the shorter work week increases pr
oductivity that men
produce more in fewer hours than they would in more. Rather it is whether fewer
hours are
always to be preferred to more but pleasant ones. (20 marks) 2. a) Write a comme
nt on-the major
idea of the following poem in about 50 words:
(10 marks)
b) Also write a short note on the language the poet has used in the poem.
(10 marks)
if we could get the hang of it entirely It would take too long,
All we know is the splash of words in passing
And falling twigs of song,
And when we try to on ves drop on the great
Presences it is rarely
That by a stroke of luck we are appropriate
Even a phrase entirely.
If we could find our happiness entirely
In somebody else s arms
We should not fear the spears of the spring nor the city s
Yammering fire alarms
But, as it is, the spears each year go through
Our flesh and almost hourly
Bell or siren banishes the blue
Eyes of love entirely.
And if the world were black or white entirely.
And all the charts were plain
Instead of a mad weir of tigerish waters,
A prism of delight and pain,
We might be surer where we wished to go
Or again we might be merely
Bored but in brute reality there is no
Road that is right entirely.
3. a) Use live of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to br
ing out the
difference in their meaning:
Par, at a par, compliment, complement, Complacent, complaisant, state, governmen
t,
eminent, prominent, below, beneath, portly, comely, setup, set upon, shall, will
, sink, drown.
(10 marks)
b) Use the following words, expressions and idioms in your own sentences so as t
o bring out
their meaning:
Trudge along, point-blank, in the doldrums, dole out, at cross purposes, check b
y jowl,
succinctly, hilarious detract from, plainsailing.
(10 marks)
4. Bring out in about 200 words the achicvcments of a great scientist or writer
of the twentieth
century. OR
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper commenting on the achievements of ap
olitical hero
barbarism, and
the ethical comes into existence only in individuals.
The final decision as to what the future of a society shall be depends not only
how near its
organisation is to perfection, but on the degrees of worthiness in its individua
l members.
The most important, and yet the least easily determinable, element in history is
the series of
unobtrusive general changes which take place in the individual dispositions, and
that is why it is
so difficult to understand thoroughly the men and events of past times. The char
acter and worth
of individuals among the mass and the way they work themselves into membership o
f the whole
body, receiving influences from its and giving others back, we can even today on
ly partially and
uncertainly understand.
One thing, however, is clear. Were the collective body works more strongly on th
e individual
than the latter does upon it, the result is deterioration because the noble elem
ent on which
everything depends, namely the spiritual and moral worthiness of the individual
is thereby
necessarily constricted and hampered. Decay of the spiritual and moral life then
sets in which
renders society incapable of understanding and solving the problems which it has
to face.
Therefore sooner or later, it is involved in catastrophe, and that is why it is
the duty of
individuals to a higher conception of their capabilities and undertake the funct
ion which only the
individual can perform, that of producing new spiritual-ethical ideas. If this d
oes not come about
many times over nothing can save us. (20 marks)
2. a) Read the following poem carefully and paraphrase it in modem English prose
:
(10 marks)
b) Write a brief criticism of the poem. (10 marks)
Mortality, behold and fear,
What a change of flesh is here!
Think how many royal bones
Sleep within these heaps of stones,
Here they lie, had realms and lands,
Who now want strength to stir their hands.
Wherefrom their pulpits seal'd with dust
They preach, In greatness is no trust .
Here s an acre sown indeed
With the richest royallest seed
That the earth did e er suck in
Since the first-man died for sin.
Here the bones of birth have cried
Though gods they were, as men they died!
Here are sands, ignoble things,
Dropt from the ruin d sides of Kings:
Here s a world of pomp and state
Buried in dust, once dead by fate.
3. a) Use any five of the following pairs of words in sentences to bring out cle
arly their
difference in meaning: Altar, alter, apposite, opposite, bear, bare, complacent,
complaisant, confident, confidant, disease, decease, gate, gait, judicial, judic
ious,
ingenious, ingenuous, yoke, yolk.
(10 marks)
b) Use any five of the following expressions in your own sentences to illustrate
their
meaning:
To bear the brunt of, To call a spade a spade, To fight shy of, To cry over the
spilt milk,
To burn the candle at both ends, To rob peter to pay Paul, To take the bull by t
he horns, Playing
to the gallery, Holding out the olive branch, To make out. (10 marks)
1. Write a letter to your local newspaper, complaining of some local nuisance an
d making some
positive recommendations.
(Please make sure that Name, Roll No. etc. is not given in the letter) OR Write
a description
(of about 200 words) of a rural or urban scene with which you are familiar.
(20 marks)
5. Briefly discuss The Role of the University in Economic Development. OR Discuss
in
about 250 words. One of the following topics:
a) How free is the Press?
b) The lure of fashion. - (20 marks)
EXAMINATION 1978
ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
1. Make a Prcis of the following passage and suggest a suitable title; - 20 "I wa
s a firm
believer in democracy, whereas he (D. H. Lawrence) had developed the
whole philosophy of Fascism before the politicians had thought of it. I don t belie
ve,- he wrote,
in democratic control. I think the working man is fit to elect governors or overs
eers for his
immediate circumstances, but for no more. You must utterly revise the electorate
: The working
man shall elect superiors for the things that concern him immediately, no more.
From the other
classes, as they rise, shall be elected the higher governors. The thing must cul
minate in one real
head, as every organic thing must-no foolish republics with no foolish president
s, but an elected
king, something like Julius Caesar, He, of a course, in his imagination, supposed
that when a
dictatorship was established he would be the Julius Caesar. This was the part of
the dream-like
quality of all his thinking. He never let himself bump into reality. He would go
into long tirades
about how one must proclaim the truth to the multitude, and he seemed to have no d
oubt that
multitude would listen. Would he put his political philosophy into a book? No in
our corrupt
society the written word is always a lie. Would he go in Hyde Park-and proclaim t
he Truth
from a soap box? No: That would be far too dangerous (odd streaks of prudence em
erged in him
from time to time). Well, I said, what would you do? At this point he would chan
ge the subject
Gradually I discovered that he had no real wish to make the world better, but on
ly to indulge
in eloquent Soliloquy about how had it was. If anybody heard the soliloquies so
much the better,
but they were designed at most to produce a little faithful band of disciples wh
o could sit in the
deserts of New Mexico and feel holy. All this was conveyed to me in the language
of a Fascist
dictator as what I must preach, the must having thirteen underlining.
(Lord Russell)
-2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin built there, of clay and wattles made,
Nine beam rows will I have there, a hive of the honey bee,
And live alone in bee loud glade. And I shall have some peace there, for peace c
onies
dropping slow.
Dropping from the veils of the morning to where the crickets sing,
There midnight s all a-glimmer, and noon a purple glow,
And even in full of the linnet's wings.
I will arise and go now, for always night and day
I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore, While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements gray,
I hear it in the deep heart s core.
i) Using about 50 words, bring out he reason why the poet wants to go Innisfree
and what
he intends to do there. 10 ii) Critically comment on the main idea and language of the poem. 10
3. a) Use five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to br
ing out
their meaning:
Affection, affectation, urban, urbane,
official, officious, beside, besides,
casual, causal, pour, pore.
humiliation, humility, wreck, reak,
bare, bear, temporal, temporary,
b) Use the following expressions and idioms in your own sentences so as to bring
out their
meaning:
The acid test, A bad hat, In a blue funk,
Set one s cap Down at heel, To die in harness, Dead as doornail, To raise coin, To strike one s colours
To carry the day.
4. Write a short story of about 200 words illustrating the moral, A fool may lear
n a wise man
wit . OR
Write a letter to a foreign pen-friend giving him a few reasons why Muslims dema
nded
Pakistan. (20 marks)
5. Discuss the statement that the vacuum of values which we are experiencing tod
ay has
come about because those who should have protected the values have surrendered w
ithout
a struggle. OR
Write a note on the deteriorating standards of Education in our country. Suggest
some
remedies. (20 marks)
EXAMINATION 1979
ENGLISH (Prcis & Composition)
Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum marks: 100
I. Write a Prcis of the following passage and assign a suitable heading to it:
Probably the only protection for contemporary man is to discover how to use his
intelligence
in the service of love and kindness. The training of human intelligence must inc
lude the
simultaneous development of the empathic capacity. Only in this way can intellig
ence be made
an instrument of social morality and responsibility
and thereby increase the cha
nces of
survival.
The need to produce human beings with trained morally sensitive intelligence is
essentially a
challenge to educators and educational institutions. Traditionally, the realm of
social morality
was left to religion and the churches as guardians or custodians. But their fail
ure to fulfill this
responsibility and their yielding to the seductive lures of the men of wealth an
d! pomp and power
and documented by the history of the last two thousand years and have now result
ed in the
irrelevant God Is Dead theological rhetoric The more pragmatic men of power have h
ad no
time or inclination to deal with the fundamental problems of social morality. Fo
r them simplistic
Machiavellianism must remain the guiding principle of their decisions-power is m
orality,
morality is power. This oversimplification increases the chances of nuclear deva
station. We must
therefore hope that educators and educational institutions have the capacity, th
e commitment and
the time to instill moral sensitivity as an integral part of the complex pattern
of function human
intelligence. Some way must be found in the training of human beings to give the
m the assurance
to love, the security to be kind. and the integrity required for a functional em
pathy.
2. Paraphrase the following poem and critically examine its theme:
The quality of mercy is not strained:
It droppeth as the gentle rain from the Heaven
Upon the place beneath, it is twice blest,
It blesscth him that gives and him that takes,
This mightiest in the mightiest, it becomes
The throned monarch better than his crown,
His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of Kings,
But mercy is above the sceptred sway,
it is enthroned in the hearts of kings,
It is an attribute to God Himself,
And earthly power doth then show likest God s When mercy seasons justice.
3. Use any five of the following pairs of words in your own sentences so as to b
ring out their
meanings:
a) Cession, Session Canon, Cannon
Barbarism, Barbarity Artist, Artisan
Antic, Antique Illusion, Allusion
Aspire, Expire Collision, Collusion
Counsel, Council Expedient, Expeditious.
b) Use any five of the following expressions and idioms in your own sentences so
as
d) Freedom of speech
e) The most important thing is not to find, but to add to ourselves what we find.
OR
Write a short speech for a symposium on the Dilemma or Youth.